Asian Pacific Americans in the United States Congress

Asian Pacific Americans in the
United States Congress
Updated June 23, 2008
Lorraine H. Tong
Analyst in American National Government
Government and Finance Division

Asian Pacific Americans in
the United States Congress
Summary
Nine Asian Pacific Americans served in the first session of the 110^th Congress:
two Senators, six Representatives, and one Delegate. With the resignation of one
Representative at the beginning of the second session, eight Asian Pacific Americans
currently serve in the 110^th Congress. Of the 36 Asian Pacific Americans who have
served in the United States Congress from 1903 to the present, there have been five
Senators (three have also served in the House), 15 Representatives, six territorial
Delegates, and 13 Resident Commissioners from the Philippine Islands. Resident
Commissioners served from 1907-1946 while the Philippines was a U.S. territory and
commonwealth (all were Philippine born). The ancestry of these Asian Pacific
Americans has included Chinese, Chamorro, Filipino, Asian Indian, Japanese,
Korean, Native Hawaiian, and Samoan. Of the 23 Asian Pacific Americans, 16 were
Democrats and 7 were Republicans.
Asian Pacific Americans have served in both houses of Congress representing
California, Hawaii, Louisiana, Oregon, Virginia, American Samoa, and Guam. They
have served in leadership positions, including committee and subcommittee
chairmanships. This report presents information on Senators, Representatives, and
Delegates, including party affiliations, length and dates of service, and committee
assignments. It will be updated in each new Congress when information becomes
available, or as events warrant.

Contents
In troduction ......................................................1
Background and Previous Occupations.................................2
Leadership in Committees and Subcommittees ..........................3
Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus...........................4
Tables and Data...................................................5
Alphabetical Listing of Asian Pacific American Members and Delegates,
Selected Biographical Information, and Committee Assignments
During Their Tenure in Office....................................6
List of Tables
Table 1. Asian Pacific American Members ^th^th
and Delegates in the 58-110 Congresses (1903-2009)...............14
Table 2. Number of Asian Pacific American Members and Delegates ^th^th
by State and Territory, 58-110 Congresses (1903-2009).............18
Table 3. Number of Asian Pacific American Members ^th^th
and Delegates in the U.S. Congress, 58-110 Congresses (1903-2009)..19
Table 4. Resident Commissioners from the Philippine Islands,^th^th

60-79 Congresses (1907-1946)................................21

Asian Pacific Americans in
the United States Congress
Introduction
Nine Asian Pacific Americans served in the first session of the 110^th Congress:
two Senators, six Representatives, and one Delegate. With the resignation of one¹
Representative at the beginning of the second session, eight Asian Pacific Americans
currently serve in the 110^th Congress. Standard sources identify a total of 36 Asian²
Pacific Americans elected to Congress from 1903 to the present. Their ancestry has
included Chinese, Chamorro, Filipino, Asian Indian, Japanese, Korean, Native³
Hawaiian, and Samoan. There have been five Senators (three who also served in the
House), 15 Representatives, and six Delegates. Eighteen Asian Pacific Americans
have served only in the House, and two have served only in the Senate. Three have
served in both houses: Daniel Ken Inouye (D-HI), Spark Masayuki Matsunaga (D-
HI), and Daniel Kahikina Akaka (D-HI). Sixteen Asian Pacific Americans have been
Democrats, and seven have been Republicans. Nine is the highest number of Asian
Pacific Americans who have served at any one time. These Asian Pacific Americans
have represented California, Hawaii, Louisiana, Oregon, Virginia, American Samoa,
and Guam. Eight Asian Pacific Americans have represented Hawaii, and seven have
represented California. There were also 13 Resident Commissioners from the

¹ Rep. Bobby Jindal resigned on January 14, 2008, and was sworn in as governor of
Louisiana on the same day. He is the nation’s first Indian-American to be elected governor.
² The designation “Asian Pacific American” is commonly used to identify a person having
origins in East Asia, Southeast Asia, or the Indian subcontinent including, for example,
Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan, the Philippine Islands, Thailand,
Vietnam, and the original peoples of Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, or other Pacific Islands. It is
also the term used for the Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus, founded in May
1994, and refers to those who have self-identified themselves as such. In this report, the
“Asian Pacific American” designation encompasses a wide range of ethnic and national
identities, rather than a purely geographic designation. Thus, it does not include those of
Australian or New Zealand ancestry, for example. Included in this total number is one
Member who is African American with Filipino heritage. As promulgated by the U.S.
Office of Management and Budget, the official terms to be used in designating these
Americans for federal reporting purposes are “Asians” and “Native Hawaiians and other
Pacific Islanders.” U.S. Office of Management and Budget, “Revisions to the Standards for
the Classification of Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity,” Federal Register, vol. 62, no.

210, October 30, 1997, pp. 58782-58790.

³ Sen. Daniel K. Akaka is Native Hawaiian and also Chinese American; Representative
Robert Scott (D-VA) is African American with Filipino heritage; Delegate Robert
Underwood (D-Guam) is Chamorro and also Hispanic.

Philippine Islands elected to the United States Congress from 1907 to 1946 (all were
born in the Philippines).⁴
The first Asian Pacific American Member of Congress was Representative
Dalip Singh Saund (D-CA), an immigrant from India who served in the House from
1957 to 1963. The first Asian Pacific American Senator elected to Congress was
Hiram Leong Fong (R-HI), who was seated on August 24, 1959, as one of Hawaii’s
first two Senators after it was admitted to the Union. Senator Fong also was the first
American of Chinese ancestry elected to Congress. Early in the 20^th century, Jonah
Kuhio Kalanianaole represented the territory of Hawaii from 1903 to 1922 as a non-
voting Delegate to the House. He was related to the Hawaiian royal family, and also
held the title of prince.
Senator Inouye, a Member of the 110^th Congress, is the Asian Pacific American
with the longest congressional service. He was the first American of Japanese
ancestry to be elected to Congress, and he was Hawaii’s first Member of the House
after it was admitted to the Union. He began his service on August 24, 1959, and
was subsequently elected in 1962 to the Senate where he has served since January 3,

1963.

There have been only four Asian Pacific American women who have served in
Congress. Representative Mazie K. Hirono (D-HI), a freshman Member, joins
Representative Doris O. Matsui⁵ (D-CA) in the 110^th Congress. The other two were
Representative Patsy T. Mink (D-HI), the first Asian Pacific American woman to be
elected to Congress, and Representative Patricia Fukuda Saiki (R-HI).
Background and Previous Occupations
Many of the Asian Pacific Americans have had similar educational and
professional backgrounds. Eight have been educators, including two high school
principals, two college professors, and two presidents of a state college and a

⁴ The Philippine Islands were part of territory ceded to the United States by Spain under the
Treaty of Paris of December 10, 1898. The Act of July 1902 granted the Philippine Islands
the right to elect two Resident Commissioners to the United States Congress. Historically,
U.S. territories were granted nonvoting Delegates to the Congress prior to statehood.
Congress distinguished between the territories acquired after the Spanish-American War and
those bound for statehood. Thus, Congress provided for “resident commissioners” to the
United States from Puerto Rico and the Philippines. Resident Commissioners were not
accorded the same status as nonvoting Delegates, although, it should be noted, the rights of
Delegates have changed over time. Resident Commissioners from the Philippines were
granted floor privileges in the House with the right of debate on February 4, 1908.
However, they did not have the right to vote or to serve on standing committees. When the
Philippine Islands became a self-governing commonwealth, in transition to full sovereignty
in 1935, the number of Resident Commissioners was reduced from two to one. On July 14,
1946, the Philippines became fully independent and the office of Resident Commissioner
was terminated (P.L. 73-127). For the purposes of this study, a separate table listing
Resident Commissioners from the Philippines is included at the end of the report.
⁵ Rep. Doris Matsui won a special election on March 8, 2005, to fill the vacancy caused by
the death of her husband Rep. Robert T. Matsui (D-CA), who had been elected to the 109^th
Congress, on January 1, 2005.

university system. Nine have held law degrees or practiced law; two have also been
judges. Many have held elected state or local offices before seeking a congressional
seat: nine have served in state legislatures, two were lieutenant governors, and two
have been mayors.
Ten Asian Pacific Americans have military experience, including two who
served in other than the U.S. armed forces. One was a brigadier general. Some were
decorated war veterans, including one Medal of Honor recipient.
Leadership in Committees and Subcommittees
Three Asian Pacific Americans have chaired committees — Senators Inouye⁶⁷⁸
and Akaka and Representative Norman Y. Mineta. Eight Asian Pacific Americans
have chaired subcommittees — Senators Inouye, Akaka, and Matsunaga;⁹¹⁰
Representatives Jay C. Kim, Norman Y. Mineta, Robert C. Scott, David Wu; and
Delegate Eni F. H. Faleomavaega. In addition, Representative Robert T. Matsui
served as acting chair of a subcommittee.
In the 110^th Congress, several Asian Pacific Americans chair committees and
subcommittees. In the Senate, Senator Inouye is chair of the Commerce, Science,
and Transportation Committee and the chair of the Senate Appropriations
Subcommittee on Defense. Senator Akaka chairs the Veterans’ Affairs Committee

⁶ In the 107^th Congress, when the Democrats gained the majority in the Senate in June 2001,
Senator Inouye became chair of the Committee on Indian Affairs. He also assumed the chair
of the Committee on Appropriations Subcommittee on Defense, and the chair of the
Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation Subcommittee on Communications.
Senator Inouye was the first chair of the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence from 1976
to 1977, and was the Senate chair of the Secret Military Assistance to Iran and Nicaragua
Opposition Select Committee (Iran-Contra Committee) from 1987 to 1988. From 1987 to
1994, he was chairman of the Select Committee on Indian Affairs. Senator Inouye has also
chaired the following Senate subcommittees: the Senate Appropriations Subcommittees on
the District of Columbia (1971-1972), Foreign Operations (1973-1980, 1987-1988), and
Defense (1989-1994); the Senate Commerce Subcommittees on Foreign Commerce and
Tourism (1971-1976), Merchant Marine and Tourism (1977-1980), and Communications
(1987-1994); and the Intelligence Subcommittee on Budget Authorization (1979-1980).
⁷ Also in June of 2001, Sen. Akaka became chairman of three subcommittees: the Senate
Armed Services Subcommittee on Readiness and Management Support, the Energy and
Natural Resources Subcommittee on National Parks, Historic Preservation and Recreation,
and the Governmental Affairs Subcommittee on International Security, Proliferation, and
Federal Services.
⁸ Rep. Mineta was chair of the House Public Works and Transportation Committee (1993-
1994). Prior to chairing the full committee, he chaired the Subcommittees on Public
Buildings and Grounds (1977-1978), Oversight and Review (1979-1980), Aviation (1980-

1989), and Surface Transportation (1990-1992).

⁹ Sen. Matsunaga was chair of the Senate Finance Subcommittee on Tourism and Sugar
(1977-1980).
¹⁰ In the 105th Congress, Representative Jay C. Kim (R-CA), the first Korean American to
be elected to Congress, chaired the House Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee
on Public Buildings and Economic Development.

and also chairs three subcommittees: the Armed Services Subcommittee on
Readiness and Management Support; the Homeland Security and Governmental
Affairs Subcommittee on Oversight of Government Management, the Federal
Workforce, and the District of Columbia; and the Energy and Natural Resources
Subcommittee on National Parks.
In the House, Representative Scott is chair of the House Judiciary Subcommittee
on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security. Representative Wu¹¹ is chair of the
House Science and Technology Subcommittee on Technology and Innovation, and
Delegate Faleomavaega is chair of the House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Asia,
the Pacific, and the Global Environment.
Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus
The bicameral and bipartisan Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus
(CAPAC) was established on May 16, 1994. The goals of the caucus are to work on
policies and legislation of concern to the Asian Pacific American community; to
educate other Members about the history, contributions, and concerns of Asian
Pacific Americans; and to protect and advance the civil and constitutional rights of
all Americans. Representative Mineta, one of the founders of the caucus, served as
the first chair. Upon Representative Mineta’s resignation from the House,
Representative Mink became chair of the caucus and served in that position through^th^th^th
the 105 Congress. In both the 104 and 105 Congresses, Delegate Robert
Underwood was vice chair of the caucus, and Senator Akaka served as secretary of^th
the caucus. In the 106 Congress, Delegate Underwood chaired the caucus,
Representative Wu served as vice chair, and Senator Inouye served as secretary. In^th
the 107 Congress, Representative Wu served as caucus chair, Representative
Michael M. Honda served as vice chair, and Senator Inouye continued as secretary.^th
In the first session of the 108 Congress, Representatives Wu and Honda continued
as chair and vice chair, respectively. In the second session, Representative Honda
became chair, Delegate Faleomavaega became vice chair, Delegate Madeleine
Bordallo became secretary, and Representative Ed Case became whip. In the 109^th
Congress, Representatives Honda and Case and Delegates Faleomavaega and
Bordallo were all re-elected to the same positions.
In the 110^th Congress, Representative Honda and Delegates Faleomavaega and^th
Bordallo continue in their 109 Congress positions. The CAPAC Executive Board
members are: Senators Akaka and Inouye, and Representatives Neil Abercrombie,
Xavier Becerra, Doris Matsui, Mazie Hirono, Al Green, Robert Scott, and David Wu.
CAPAC formed seven task forces: Civil Rights, Education, Health, Housing and
Economic Development Priorities, Hurricane Katrina and Rita: Disaster Preparedness
and Relief, Immigration, and Women’s Issues. Membership to the caucus is not

¹¹ Rep. Wu is the first Chinese American to represent a district on the U.S. mainland.

restricted to those of Asian Pacific heritage; the caucus is open to all Members of
Congress.¹²
Tables and Data
This report also provides a list of selected biographical information about 23
Asian Pacific American Members and Delegates, and their committee assignments
during their tenure. Four tables summarize information about the 36 Asian Pacific
Americans who have served in Congress. Table 1 shows the Congress, the dates,
and the name of the Members and Delegates who served in the House and Senate.
Table 2 shows the state or territory, the number of Members and Delegates elected
from the state or territory, and their names. Table 3 reflects the Congress, years,
total number of Members and Delegates, and the number of Members and Delegates
in the House and Senate. Finally, Table 4 lists Resident Commissioners from the
Philippine Islands, the Congresses in which they served, and the dates of their
service.
Sources for the information on Asian Pacific Americans presented in this report
included the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774-present
available at [http://bioguide.congress.gov/biosearch/biosearch.asp]; The Almanac of
American Politics 2000; Politics in America 2000; and various editions of the
Congressional Directory. Information on heritage and ancestry was provided to
these source books by the Members. Information on committee assignments and
leadership positions was obtained from various editions of the Congressional
Directory, various editions of the Official Alphabetical List of the House of
Representatives of the United States, various editions of the Congressional Yellow
Book (a publication of Leadership Directories, Inc.), information on Member
websites, and telephone calls to Member offices.
For an overview of Asian Pacific American political participation in the United
States, see CRS Report RS20206, Asian Pacific American Political Participation
and Representation in Elective Office, by Kevin Coleman.

¹² For more information on CAPAC, see [http://honda.house.gov/capac].

Alphabetical Listing of Asian Pacific
American Members and Delegates, Selected
Biographical Information, and Committee
Assignments During Their Tenure in Office¹³
AKAKA, DANIEL KAHIKINA. Democrat; a Representative and Senator from
Hawaii. Born on September 11, 1924. Elected to the House of Representatives for
the 95^th -101^st Congresses; served from January 3, 1977, to May 15, 1990. Appointed
to the Senate in 1990 to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Senator Spark
Matsunaga and subsequently elected by special election to the Senate in November

1990. Re-elected in 1994, 2000, and 2006; has served in the Senate since May 16,

1990.

Committee Assignments
H. Agriculture
H. Appropriations
H. Merchant Marine and Fisheries
*S. Armed Services
S. Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs
*S. Energy and Natural Resources
*S. Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs
*S. Indian Affairs
*S. Veterans’ Affairs, Chair
S. Select Committee on Ethics
BLAZ, BEN GARRIDO. Republican; a Delegate from Guam. Born on February
14, 1928. Elected to the 99^th-102^nd Congresses; served from January 3, 1985, to
January 3, 1993.
Committee Assignments
H. Armed Services
H. Interior and Insular Affairs
FALEOMAVAEGA, ENI F. H. Democrat; a Delegate from American Samoa.
Born August 15, 1943. Elected to the 100^th-110^th Congresses; has served since
January 3, 1989.
Committee Assignments
H. Interior and Insular Affairs
H. Education and Labor
*H. Foreign Affairs
*H. Natural Resources
H. Small Business

¹³ Asterisks indicate current committee assignments.

FONG, HIRAM LEONG. Republican; a Senator from Hawaii. Born on October
15, 1906; died on August 18, 2004. First Asian Pacific American elected to the
Senate and first American of Chinese ancestry elected to Congress. Elected to the
Senate in 1959 upon the admission of Hawaii to the Union, reelected in 1964 and

1970; served from August 21, 1959, to January 3, 1977.

Committee Assignments
S. Appropriations
S. Interior and Insular Affairs
S. Judiciary
S. Post Office and Civil Service
S. Public Works
HAYAKAWA, SAMUEL ICHIYE. Republican; a Senator from California. Born
on July 18, 1906; died on February 26, 1992. Elected to the Senate in 1976; served
from January 3, 1977, to January 3, 1983.
Committee Assignments
S. Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry
S. Budget
S. Labor and Human Resources
S. Interior and Insular Affairs
S. Foreign Relations
HIRONO, MAZIE KEIKO. Democrat; a Representative from Hawaii. Born on^th
November 3, 1947. Elected to the 110 Congress; has served since January 3, 2007.
Committee Assignments
*H. Education and Labor
*H. Small Business
*H. Transportation and Infrastructure
HONDA, MICHAEL M. Democrat; a Representative from California. Born on
June 27, 1941. Elected to the 107^th - 110^th Congresses; has served since January 3,

2001. He served as regional whip for the 107^th and 108^th Congresses. In the 110^th

Congress, he was named Democratic senior whip.
Committee Assignments
*H. Appropriations
H. Budget
H. Science and Technology
H. Transportation and Infrastructure

INOUYE, DANIEL KEN. Democrat; a Representative and Senator from Hawaii.
Born on September 7, 1924. First American of Japanese ancestry elected to^th^th
Congress. Elected to the House for the 86 and 87 Congresses; served from August

21, 1959, to January 3, 1963. Elected to the Senate in 1962, reelected in 1968, 1974,

1980, 1986, 1992, 1998, and 2004; has served in the Senate since January 3, 1963.

He served as assistant majority whip from 1975 to 1976 and deputy Democratic whip
from 1981 to 1986. From 1977 to 1988, he was secretary of the Senate Democratic
Conference. From 1989 to 1994, he chaired the Democratic Steering Committee.
Committee Assignments
H. Agriculture
H. Banking and Currency
S. Armed Services
S. District of Columbia
S. Public Works
Joint Committee on the Library
*Joint Committee on Printing
*S. Appropriations
*S. Commerce, Science, and Transportation, chair
*S. Indian Affairs (chair in previous Congresses)
*S. Rules and Administration
S. Select Committee on Intelligence, chair
Select Committee on Secret Military Assistance to Iran and Nicaragua
Opposition (Iran-Contra Committee), Senate chair
JINDAL, Bobby. Republican; a Representative from Louisiana. Born on June 10,
1971. Elected to the 109^th and 110^th Congresses; served from January 3, 2005 until
his resignation on January 14, 2008. In the 109^th Congress, he was elected
Republican freshman class president. He served as assistant majority whip in the

109^th Congress, and as assistant minority whip in the first session of the 110^th

Congress. Elected to be governor of Louisiana; sworn in on January 14, 2008.
Committee Assignments
H. Education and the Workforce
H. Homeland Security
H. Natural Resources
KALANIANAOLE, JONAH KUHIO. Republican; a Delegate from the Territory
of Hawaii. Born on March 26, 1871; died on January 7, 1922. Elected to the 58^th-^th

67 Congresses; served from March 4, 1903, to January 7, 1922.

Committee Assignments
H. Agriculture
H. Coinage, Weights and Measures
H. Post Office and Post-Roads
H. Private Land Claims
H. Territories

KIM, JAY C. Republican; a Representative from California. Born on March 27,

1939. First American of Korean ancestry elected to Congress. Elected to the 103^rd-^th

105 Congresses; served from January 3, 1993, to January 3, 1999. He was
Republican sophomore class whip in the 104^th Congress.
Committee Assignments
H. Small Business
H. International Relations
H. Transportation and Infrastructure
MATSUI, Doris Okada. Democrat; a Representative from California. Born on
September 25, 1944. Elected to the 109^th Congress in a special election on March 8,
2005, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of her husband, Representative Robert
T. Matsui; re-elected to the 110^th Congress; has served since March 8, 2005.
Committee Assignments
*H. Energy and Commerce
*H. Rules
H. Transportation and Infrastructure
H. Science and Technology
MATSUI, ROBERT TAKEO. Democrat; a Representative from California. Born
on September 17, 1941; died on January 1, 2005. Elected to the 96^th-109^th
Congresses; served from January 3, 1979, to January 1, 2005. He served and was
majority whip at large from 1987 to 1994 and served as minority whip at large from^th

1995 to 2003, and as minority whip at large in the 108 Congress.

Committee Assignments
H. Budget
H. Government Operations
H. Interstate and Foreign Commerce
H. Judiciary
H. Ways and Means

MATSUNAGA, SPARK MASAYUKI. Democrat; Representative and Senator
from Hawaii. Born October 8, 1916; died on April 15, 1990. Elected to the House^th^th
of Representatives for the 88-94 Congresses; served from January 3, 1963, to
January 3, 1977. Elected to the Senate in 1976, reelected in 1982 and 1988; served
from January 3, 1977, to April 15, 1990. He served as chief deputy majority whip
from 1979 to 1980 and chief deputy minority whip from 1981 to 1986, and from

1987 to 1988 he was chief deputy majority whip.

Committee Assignments
H. Agriculture
H. Post Office and Civil Service
H. Rules
S. Commerce
S. Energy
S. Finance
S. Foreign Relations
S. Labor and Human Resources
S. Veterans’ Affairs
MINETA, NORMAN YOSHIO. Democrat; a Representative from California.
Born November 12, 1931. Elected to the House for the 94^th-104^th Congresses.
Served from January 3, 1975, until his resignation on October 10, 1995. Confirmed
by the Senate on July 20, 2000, and sworn in as U.S. Secretary of Commerce on July
21, 2000. Confirmed by the Senate on January 24, 2001, sworn in as U.S. Secretary
of Transportation on January 25, 2001, served until July 7, 2006. He was a majority
whip at large from 1977 to 1981, deputy majority whip from 1982 to 1994, and
deputy minority whip in 1995. He became the first Asian Pacific American to serve
in a Cabinet position when he was sworn in as U.S. Secretary of Commerce on July

21, 2000. He was nominated to a second Cabinet post and was sworn in as U.S.

Secretary of Transportation on January 25, 2001, and continued in that post in the
second term until July 7, 2006. He has the distinction of being the longest serving
secretary in the history of the Department of Transportation.
Committee Assignments
H. Budget
H. Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence
H. Post Office and Civil Service
H. Public Works and Transportation, chair
H. Science and Technology

MINK, PATSY TAKEMOTO. Democrat; a Representative from Hawaii. Born
December 6, 1927; died on September 28, 2002. First Asian Pacific American^th^th
woman to be elected to Congress. Elected to the 89-94 Congresses; served from
January 3, 1965, to January 3, 1977. Appointed Assistant Secretary for the Office of
Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs, Department of State.
Elected again in 1990 in a special election to the 101^st Congress to fill the vacancy^nd^th
caused by the appointment of Daniel Akaka to the Senate. Re-elected to 102-107
Congresses; served until her death on September 28, 2002; posthumously elected to^th
the 108 Congress on November 5, 2002. She served as secretary of the Democratic
Caucus from 1975 to 1977, minority regional whip from 1997 to1998, and served as
minority whip at large from 2001 until her death in September 2002.
Committee Assignments
H. Budget
H. Interior and Insular Affairs
H. Natural Resources
H. Education and the Workforce
H. Government Reform
SAIKI, PATRICIA FUKUDA. Republican; a Representative from Hawaii. Born
on May 28, 1930. Elected to the 100^th-101^st Congresses; served from January 3,

1987, to January 3, 1991. Appointed, and confirmed by the Senate on March 21,

1991, to be administrator of the Small Business Administration after leaving
Congress.
Committee Assignments
H. Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs
H. Merchant Marines and Fisheries
SAUND, DALIP SINGH. Democrat; a Representative from California. Born on
September 20, 1899; died August 22, 1973. First American of Indian ancestry to be^th^th
elected to Congress. Elected to the 85-87 Congresses; served from January 3,

1957, to January 3, 1963.

Committee Assignments
H. Interior and Insular Affairs
H. Foreign Affairs

SCOTT, ROBERT CORTEZ. Democrat; a Representative from Virginia. Born
on April 30, 1947. An African American with Filipino heritage. Elected to the 103^rd^th
- 110 Congresses; has served since January 3, 1993.
Committee Assignments
*H. Budget
*H. Education and Labor
*H. Judiciary
H. Science, Space, and Technology
H. U.S. National Security and Military Commercial
Concerns with the People’s Republic of China
SUNIA, FOFÓ IOSEFA FITI. Democrat; elected as first Delegate from American
Samoa. Born on March 13, 1937. Elected to the 97^th -100^th Congresses; served from
January 3, 1981, until his resignation on September 6, 1988.
Committee Assignments
H. Interior and Insular Affairs
H. Merchant Marines and Fisheries
H. Public Works and Transportation
UNDERWOOD, ROBERT ANACLETUS. Democrat; a Delegate from Guam.
Born July 13, 1948. Elected to the 103^rd-107^th Congresses; was not a candidate for^th
the 108 Congress; served from January 3, 1993, to January 3, 1993; unsuccessful
candidate for governor of Guam. In the 105^th Congress, he served as a deputy whip
for the Democratic Study Group of the House Democratic Caucus, and also served
as Democratic Caucus whip at large for the 105^th and 106^th Congresses.
Committee Assignments
H. Education and Labor
H. Armed Services
H. Resources
WON PAT, ANTONIO BORJA. Democrat; the first Delegate from Guam. Born
on December 10, 1908; died on May 1, 1987. Elected to the 93^rd-98^th Congresses;
served from January 3, 1973, to January 3, 1985.
Committee Assignments
H. Armed Services
H. Interior and Insular Affairs

WU, DAVID. Democrat; Representative from Oregon.¹⁴ Born on April 8, 1955.
Elected to the 106^th -110^th Congresses; has served since January 3, 1999. In the^th

106 Congress, he served as Democratic freshman class president for the period July-

December 2000.
Committee Assignments
*H. Education and Labor
*H. Foreign Affairs
*H. Science and Technology

¹⁴ Rep. Wu is the first Chinese American to represent a district on the U.S. mainland.

Table 1. Asian Pacific American Members
and Delegates in the 58^th-110^th Congresses
(1903-2009)
Congress Dates House Senate

58^th-67^th1903-Jonah Kuhio Kalanianaole^a —

1923

68^th-84^th 1923- — —

1957

85^th 1957-Dalip Singh Saund —

1959
86^th 1959-Daniel Ken InouyeHiram Leong Fong
1961Dalip Singh Saund
87^th 1961-Daniel Ken InouyeHiram Leong Fong
1963Dalip Singh Saund
88^th 1963-Spark Masayuki MatsunagaHiram Leong Fong
1965Daniel Ken Inouye
89^th 1965-Spark Masayuki MatsunagaHiram Leong Fong
1967Patsy Takemoto MinkDaniel Ken Inouye
90^th 1967-Spark Masayuki MatsunagaHiram Leong Fong
1969Patsy Takemoto MinkDaniel Ken Inouye
91^st 1969-Spark Masayuki MatsunagaHiram Leong Fong
1971Patsy Takemoto MinkDaniel Ken Inouye
92^nd 1971-Spark Masayuki MatsunagaHiram Leong Fong
1973Patsy Takemoto MinkDaniel Ken Inouye
93^rd 1973-Spark Masayuki MatsunagaHiram Leong Fong
1975Patsy Takemoto MinkDaniel Ken Inouye
Antonio Borja Won Pat
94^th 1975-Spark Masayuki MatsunagaHiram Leong Fong
1977Norman Yoshio MinetaDaniel Ken Inouye
Patsy Takemoto Mink
Antonio Borja Won Pat
95^th 1977-Daniel Kahikina AkakaSamuel Ichiye Hayakawa
1979Norman Yoshio MinetaDaniel Ken Inouye
Antonio Borja Won PatSpark Masayuki Matsunaga
96^th 1979-Daniel Kahikina AkakaSamuel Ichiye Hayakawa
1981Robert Takeo MatsuiDaniel Ken Inouye
Norman Yoshio MinetaSpark Masayuki Matsunaga

Antonio Borja Won Pat

Congress Dates House Senate
97^th 1981-Daniel Kahikina AkakaSamuel Ichiye Hayakawa
1983Robert Takeo MatsuiDaniel Ken Inouye
Norman Yoshio MinetaSpark Masayuki
Fofó Iosefa Fiti SuniaMatsunaga
Antonio Borja Won Pat
98^th 1983-Daniel Kahikina AkakaDaniel Ken Inouye
1985Robert Takeo MatsuiSpark Masayuki
Norman Yoshio MinetaMatsunaga
Fofó Iosefa Fiti Sunia
Antonio Borja Won Pat
99^th 1985-Daniel Kahikina AkakaDaniel Ken Inouye
1987Ben Garrido BlazSpark Masayuki
Robert Takeo MatsuiMatsunaga
Norman Yoshio Mineta
Fofó Iosefa Fiti Sunia
100^th 1987-Daniel Kahikina AkakaDaniel Ken Inouye
1989Ben Garrido BlazSpark Masayuki
Robert Takeo MatsuiMatsunaga
Norman Yoshio Mineta
Patricia Fukuda Saiki
Fofó Iosefa Fiti Sunia^b

101^st 1989-Ben Garrido BlazDaniel Kahikina Akaka^c

1991Eni F.H. FaleomavaegaDaniel Ken Inouye
Robert Takeo MatsuiSpark Masayuki
Norman Yoshio MinetaMatsunaga
Patsy Takemoto Mink
Patricia Fukuda Saiki
102^nd 1991-Ben Garrido BlazDaniel Kahikina Akaka
1993Eni F.H. FaleomavaegaDaniel Ken Inouye
Robert Takeo Matsui
Norman Yoshio Mineta
Patsy Takemoto Mink
103^rd 1993-Eni F.H. FaleomavaegaDaniel Kahikina Akaka

1995Jay C. KimDaniel Ken Inouye

Robert Takeo Matsui
Norman Yoshio Mineta
Patsy Takemoto Mink
Robert Cortez Scott^d
Robert Anacletus
Underwood

Congress Dates House Senate
104^th 1995-Eni F.H. FaleomavaegaDaniel Kahikina Akaka
1997Jay C. KimDaniel Ken Inouye
Robert Takeo Matsui
Norman Yoshio Mineta^e
Patsy Takemoto Mink
Robert Cortez Scott
Robert Anacletus Underwood
105^th 1997-Eni F.H. FaleomavaegaDaniel Kahikina Akaka
1999Jay C. KimDaniel Ken Inouye
Robert Takeo Matsui
Patsy Takemoto Mink
Robert Cortez Scott
Robert Anacletus Underwood
106^th1999-Eni F.H. FaleomavaegaDaniel Kahikina Akaka
2001Robert Takeo MatsuiDaniel Ken Inouye
Patsy Takemoto Mink
Robert Cortez Scott
Robert Anacletus Underwood
David Wu
107^th2001-Eni F.H. FaleomavaegaDaniel Kahikina Akaka
2003Michael M. HondaDaniel Ken Inouye
Robert Takeo Matsui^f
Patsy Takemoto Mink
Robert Cortez Scott
Robert Anacletus Underwood
David Wu
108^th 2003-Eni F.H. FaleomavaegaDaniel Kahikina Akaka
2005Michael M. Honda^gDaniel Ken Inouye
Robert Takeo Matsui
Robert Cortez Scott
David Wu
109^th2005-Eni F.H. FaleomavaegaDaniel Kahikina Akaka
2007Michael M. HondaDaniel Ken Inouye
Bobby Jindal^h
Doris Okada Matsui
Robert Cortez Scott
David Wu
110^th2007-Eni F.H. FaleomavaegaDaniel Kahikina Akaka
2009Mazie Keiko HironoDaniel Ken Inouye
Michael M. Hondaⁱ
Bobby Jindal^h
Doris Okada Matsui
Robert Cortez Scott
David Wu
^a.^D^e^l^.^Jon^a^h^K^u^hⁱ^{o K}^a^l^aⁿⁱ^an^aol^e^di^{ed on}^Jan^u^a^ry^{7, 1922.}

^b.^{Del. Fof}^ó^Ios^e^f^a^{Fiti Su}ⁿⁱ^{a res}ⁱ^gⁿ^e^{d on}^Septem^{ber 6, 1988.}^st
^c.^Sen^.^Danⁱ^{el Kah}ⁱ^kⁱⁿ^a^A^k^ak^{a als}^o^s^e^rv^{ed in}^th^{e Hou}^s^eⁱⁿ^t^h^e¹⁰¹^C^oⁿ^g^r^es^s^uⁿ^{til May}^{15, 1990.}
^How^e^v^e^{r, h}^e^w^a^s^appoin^t^{ed to th}^{e Sen}^a^{te an}^{d w}^a^s^s^w^ornⁱⁿ^on^May^16,^{1990, to f}^{ill th}^{e v}^acan^cy
^cau^s^e^{d by}^t^h^{e deat}^h^of^S^eⁿ^.^S^p^ark^Mas^a^y^u^kⁱ^Mat^s^uⁿ^a^g^a^on^A^p^ri^l^15,^{1990. S}^u^bs^equ^eⁿ^t^l^y^{, h}^e
^w^a^s^el^ect^{ed t}^o^t^h^{e S}^eⁿ^a^t^eⁱⁿ^N^o^v^e^m^b^{er 1990.}
^d^.^Rep^.^Ro^b^e^r^t^{C. Sco}^{tt is A}^f^rⁱ^can^A^m^er^ican^w^ith^Filipⁱⁿ^o^h^e^r^itag^e^.
^e.^R^e^{p. N}^o^rm^an^Y^o^s^hⁱ^o^Miⁿ^e^t^a^resⁱ^gⁿ^e^{d on}^O^c^t^{ober 10, 1995.}
^f^.^R^e^{p. Pat}^s^y^T^a^k^e^m^o^t^o^Miⁿ^k^di^{ed on}^S^e^pt^em^{ber 28, 2002.}
^g^.^R^e^{p. R}^obert^T^a^k^e^{o Mat}^s^uⁱ^di^{ed on}^Jan^u^a^ry^{1, 2005.}
^h^.^R^e^p.^Doris^Ok^ada^Mats^uⁱ^w^oⁿ^{a s}^p^{ecial election}^on^March^{8, 2005, to f}^{ill th}^e^v^acan^cy^cau^s^e^d^by
^t^h^e^deat^h^of^h^e^{r h}^u^s^ban^d^{, R}^e^{p. R}^obert^Mat^s^uⁱ^{, an}^{d w}^a^s^s^w^ornⁱⁿ^on^March^10,^2005.^A^l^t^h^ou^g^h^th
^R^e^{p. R}^{obert Mats}^uⁱ^w^a^s^{elected to th}^{e 109}^C^oⁿ^g^r^es^s^,^h^e^di^{ed on}^Jan^u^a^ry^{1, 2005.}
ⁱ^.^R^e^{p. Bobby}^Jⁱ^nd^a^l^resⁱ^gⁿ^e^{d on}^Jan^u^a^ry^{14, 2008;}^s^w^ornⁱⁿ^as^g^o^v^e^rn^{or of}^L^o^uⁱ^sⁱ^an^{a on}^t^h^{e s}^a^m^e
^day^.

Table 2. Number of Asian Pacific American
Members and Delegates by State and Territory,

58^th-110^th Congresses (1903-2009)

State orNumber ElectedName
Territory
California7Samuel Ichiye Hayakawa
Michael M. Honda
Jay C. Kim
Robert Takeo Matsui
Doris Okada Matsui
Norman Yoshio Mineta
Dalip Singh Saund
Hawaii8Daniel Kahikina Akaka
Mazie Keiko Hirono
Daniel Ken Inouye
Hiram Leong Fong
Jonah Kuhio Kalanianaole
Spark Masayuki Matsunaga
Patsy Takemoto Mink
Patricia Fukuda Saiki
Louisiana1 Bobby Jindal
Oregon1David Wu
Virginia1Robert Cortez Scott^a
American2Eni F.H. Faleomavaega
SamoaFofó Iosefa Fifi Sunia
Guam3Ben Garrido Blaz
Robert Anacletus Underwood
Antonio Borja Won Pat
^{a. Rep}^.^Ro^b^e^r^t^{C. Sco}^{tt is A}^f^rⁱ^can^A^m^er^ican^w^ith^Filipⁱⁿ^o^h^e^r^itag^e^.

Table 3. Number of Asian Pacific American Members
and Delegates in the U.S. Congress,

58^th-110^th Congresses (1903-2009)

CongressYearsTotal inCongressHouseSenate

58^th 1903-190511-

59^th 1905-190711-

60^th 1907-190911-

61^st 1909-191111-

62^nd 1911-191311-

63^rd 1913-191511-

64^th 1915-191711-

65^th 1917-191911-

66^th 1919-192111-

67^th 1921-192311-

68^th-84^th 1923-1957---

85^th 1957-196111-

86^th 1959-1961321
87^th 1961-1963321
88^th 1963-1965312
89^th 1965-1967422
90^th 1967-1969422
91^st 1969-1971422
92^nd 1971-1973422
93^rd 1973-1975532
94^th 1975-1977642
95^th 1977-1979633
96^th 1979-1981743
97^th 1981-1983853
98^th 1983-1985752
99^th 1985-1987752

100^th 1987-198986^a2

CongressYearsTotal inCongressHouseSenate
101^st 1989-199196^b3
102^nd 1991-1993752
103^rd 1993-199597^c2
104^th 1995-199797^d2
105^th 1997-1999 8 6 2
106^th 1999-2001862
107^th 2001-2003 9 7^e 2
108^th 2003-2005 7 5 2
109^th 2005-200786^f2
110^th 2007-20099 [8]^g7[6]^g2
^a.^{Del. Fof}^ó^Ios^e^f^a^{Fiti Su}ⁿⁱ^{a res}ⁱ^gⁿ^e^{d on}^Septem^{ber 6, 1988.}^st
^b^.^A^l^t^h^o^{ugh si}^{x A}^sⁱ^a^{n P}^a^cⁱ^fi^c^A^m^e^rⁱ^c^aⁿ^s^w^e^r^e^e^l^e^c^t^e^d^t^o^t^h^e^H^o^useⁱⁿ^t^h^e¹⁰¹^Co^ngr^e^ss,^oⁿ^l^y
^fⁱ^v^e^s^e^rv^{ed at an}^y^on^{e tim}^{e. R}^e^pres^en^tativ^{e P}^a^ts^y^Min^k^(w^h^o^h^a^{d prev}^iou^s^ly^s^e^rv^{ed in}^th^th
^th^{e 8}⁹^-9⁴^Coⁿ^g^r^esses)^dⁱ^dⁿ^o^t^b^eco^m^e^{a m}^e^m^b^er^o^f^th^{e Ho}^u^s^{e ag}^ain^uⁿ^{til Sep}^t^em^b^e^r
^{1990, w}^h^en^s^h^e^w^a^s^e^l^e^c^t^{ed to f}^{ill th}^{e v}^acan^cy^cau^s^e^{d by}^th^{e res}ⁱ^gⁿ^a^tion^of^Danⁱ^{el K.}
^A^k^ak^a.^Sen^a^{tor A}^k^ak^{a h}^a^{d been}^appoin^t^{ed to}^th^{e Sen}^a^{te to f}^{ill th}^{e v}^acan^cy^cau^s^e^{d by}^th^e
^d^e^a^t^{h o}^f^Sp^a^r^{k M}^a^t^s^una^ga^.
^{c. Rep}^.^Ro^b^e^r^t^{C. Sco}^{tt is A}^f^rⁱ^can^A^m^er^ican^w^ith^Filipⁱⁿ^o^h^e^r^itag^e^.
^d.^R^e^{p. N}^o^rm^an^Y^o^s^hⁱ^o^Miⁿ^e^t^a^resⁱ^gⁿ^e^{d on}^O^c^t^{ober 10, 1995.}
^{e. R}^e^{p. Pat}^s^y^T^a^k^e^m^o^t^o^Miⁿ^k^di^ed^on^S^e^pt^em^ber^28,^{2002. S}^h^{e w}^a^s^pos^t^h^u^m^ou^s^l^y^el^ect^{ed t}^o^th
^t^h^{e 108}^C^oⁿ^g^r^es^s^on^N^o^v^e^m^b^{er 5, 2002.}
^f^.^R^e^{p. Doris}^Ok^{ada Mats}^uⁱ^w^oⁿ^{a s}^p^{ecial election}^on^March^{8, 2005, to f}^ill^th^e^v^acan^cy^cau^s^e^d
^by^t^h^{e deat}^h^of^h^e^{r h}^u^s^ban^d^{, R}^e^{p. R}^obert^Mat^s^uⁱ^{, an}^{d w}^a^s^s^w^ornⁱⁿ^on^March^{10, 2005.}^th
^A^l^t^h^o^ugh^Re^p^.^Ro^b^e^r^t^M^a^t^s^ui^w^a^{s e}^l^e^c^t^e^d^t^o^t^h^e¹⁰⁹^Co^ngr^e^ss,^he^dⁱ^e^d^oⁿ^J^a^nua^r^y¹^,
^2005.
^g^.^T^h^{e n}^u^m^{ber i}ⁿ^brack^et^s^ref^l^ect^s^t^h^{e res}ⁱ^gⁿ^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^of^R^e^p.^Bobby^Jiⁿ^d^al^on^Jan^u^a^ry^{14, 2008;}
^he^w^a^{s sw}^o^r^{n i}ⁿ^a^s^go^ve^rⁿ^o^r^o^f^Lo^ui^si^aⁿ^a^oⁿ^t^h^e^sa^m^e^d^a^y^.

Table 4. Resident Commissioners from the Philippine Islands,

60^th-79^th Congresses (1907-1946)

CongressDatesResident Commissioners

60^th 1907-1909Benito Y Tuason Legarda^a^a

Pablo Ocampo

61^st 1909-1911Benito Y Tuason Legarda^b

Pablo Ocampo^c
Manuel Luis Quezon
62^nd 1911-1913Benito Y Tuason Legarda
Manuel Luis Quezon
63^rd 1913-1915Manuel Luis Quezon
Manuel Earnshaw

64^th 1915-1917Manuel Luis Quezon^d

Manuel Earnshaw
65^th 1917-1919Jaime Carlos de Veyra
Teodoro Rafael Yangco

66^th 1919-1921Jaime Carlos de Veyra^e

Teodoro Rafael Yangco^f
Isauro Gabaldon
67^th 1921-1923Jaime Carlos de Veyra
Isauro Gabaldon
68^th 1923-1925Isauro Gabaldon
Pedro Guevara
69^th 1925-1927Isauro Gabaldon
Pedro Guevara

70^th 1927-1929Isauro Gabaldon^g

Pedro Guevara
71^st 1929-1931Pedro Guevara
Camilo Osias
72^nd 1931-1933Pedro Guevara
Camilo Osias
73^rd 1933-1935Pedro Guevara
Camilo Osias

74^th 1935-1937Pedro Guevara^h^h

Francisco Aan Delgadoⁱ
Quintin Parades

75^th 1937-1939Quintin Parades^j^k

Joaquin Miguel Elizalde
76^th 1939-1941Joaquin Miguel Elizalde

77^th 1941-1943Joaquin Miguel Elizalde

CongressDatesResident Commissioners

78^th 1943-1945Joaquin Miguel Elizalde^l^m

Carlos Pena Romulo

79^th 1945-1947Carlos Pena Romuloⁿ

^No^te:^T^h^{e P}^h^ilip^pⁱⁿ^e^I^s^lan^d^{s w}^e^r^e^p^a^r^t^o^f^ter^r^ito^r^y^ced^ed^to^th^{e Un}^ited^States^b^y^Sp^ain^uⁿ^d^er
^th^{e T}^r^eaty^of^P^a^ris^of^Dece^m^b^e^r¹⁰^,¹^{898. T}^h^{e A}^c^{t of}^J^u^ly^{1902 g}^r^an^{ted th}^{e P}^h^ilippin^e
^Is^l^aⁿ^d^s^t^h^{e ri}^g^h^t^t^o^el^ect^t^w^{o R}^e^sⁱ^den^t^C^o^m^mⁱ^s^sⁱ^on^ers^t^o^t^h^{e U}ⁿⁱ^t^e^{d S}^t^at^es^{. In}^{1935, t}^h^e
^P^h^ilip^pⁱⁿ^e^Islan^d^{s b}^ecam^{e th}^{e Co}^m^m^oⁿ^w^ealth^o^f^th^{e P}^h^ilip^pⁱⁿ^e^{s an}^d^th^{e n}^u^m^b^e^{r o}^f^Resid^eⁿ^t
^C^o^m^mⁱ^s^sⁱ^oⁿ^e^r^s^w^a^s^r^e^d^u^c^e^d^f^r^o^m^t^w^o^t^o^oⁿ^e^.^In^1946,^t^h^{e P}^h^ilippin^e^s^becam^{e f}^u^lly
ⁱⁿ^depen^d^en^{t, an}^{d th}^{e of}^fⁱ^{ce of}^th^{e R}^e^sⁱ^den^t^C^o^m^mⁱ^s^sⁱ^on^{er w}^a^s^termⁱⁿ^ated.
^a.^El^ect^{ed N}^o^v^e^m^b^{er 22, 1907, f}^o^{r a t}^e^rm^of^t^w^{o y}^ears^;^g^r^an^t^e^{d t}^h^{e pri}^vⁱ^l^e^g^e^s^of^t^h^{e f}^l^{oor of}
^t^h^{e H}^o^u^s^{e of}^R^e^pres^en^t^a^tⁱ^v^es^{, w}ⁱ^t^h^t^h^{e ri}^g^h^t^of^debat^e^{, F}^e^bru^a^ry^{4, 1908.}
^{b. T}^e^rm^ex^pi^{red N}^o^v^e^m^b^{er 22, 1909.}
^c.^El^ect^{ed f}^o^{r a t}^e^rm^of^t^w^{o y}^ears^begⁱⁿⁿⁱⁿ^g^N^o^v^e^m^b^{er 23, 1909.}^th
^d.^R^e^sⁱ^gⁿ^e^{d October 15, 1916; v}^acan^cy^th^ro^ugho^ut^t^h^e^r^e^m^aⁱⁿ^d^e^r^o^f⁶⁴^Co^ngr^e^ss.
^e.^T^e^rm^ex^pi^{red March}^{3, 1920.}
^f^.^El^ect^{ed f}^o^{r a t}^e^rm^of^t^h^{ree y}^ears^begⁱⁿⁿⁱⁿ^g^March^{4, 1920.}
^g^.^R^e^sⁱ^gⁿ^e^{d J}^u^ly^{16, 1928, ha}^vi^ng^b^e^eⁿⁿ^o^mⁱⁿ^a^{ted f}^o^{r election}^{to th}^{e P}^h^ilippin^e^Hou^s^{e of}^th
^Rep^r^esentatives;^vacancy^thr^o^ugho^{ut the}^r^e^m^a^ind^e^r^o^f^{the 7}⁰^Co^ngr^e^ss.
^h^.^W^h^en^th^{e n}^e^w^g^o^v^e^rⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^o^f^th^e^C^o^m^m^oⁿ^w^e^a^lth^o^f^th^{e P}^h^ilip^pⁱⁿ^e^I^s^lan^d^{s w}^a^s
^ina^ugur^a^t^e^d^,^the^te^r^m^{s o}^f^o^ffic^e^o^f^the^R^e^sⁱ^d^e^{nt Co}^m^mⁱ^ssioⁿ^e^r^{s o}^f^the^P^h^ilip^pⁱ^ne
^Is^lan^d^s^ex^{pired. B}^o^th^R^e^sⁱ^den^t^C^o^m^mⁱ^s^sⁱ^on^ers^s^e^rv^{ed u}ⁿ^{til Febru}^a^ry^{14, 1936, w}^h^en
^{a s}^e^l^ect^{ed s}^u^cces^s^o^r^qu^alⁱ^fⁱ^e^{d (48 S}^t^at^{. 456). U}ⁿ^{der t}^hⁱ^s^l^a^w^,^t^h^{e n}^u^m^{ber of}^R^e^sⁱ^den^t
^C^o^m^mⁱ^s^sⁱ^on^ers^w^a^s^redu^{ced f}^r^om^t^w^{o t}^o^on^e.
^i.^A^ppoin^t^{ed Decem}^{ber 21, 1935, to f}^{ill v}^acan^cy^cau^s^e^{d by}^t^h^e^e^x^pⁱ^r^a^tⁱ^on^of^th^{e term}^s^of
^{Pedro G}^u^ev^{ara an}^{d F}^r^an^ci^s^c^{o A}^.^D^e^l^g^{ado, du}^{e t}^o^t^h^{e n}^e^w^f^o^rm^of^go^ve^rⁿ^m^e^nt^{, an}^d
^t^ook^hⁱ^s^s^eat^on^F^e^bru^a^ry^{14, 1936.}
^j^.^R^e^sⁱ^gⁿ^e^{d S}^e^pt^em^{ber 29, 1938.}
^k^.^A^ppoin^t^ed^Septem^{ber 29, 1938, to f}^{ill v}^acan^cy^cau^s^e^{d by}^resⁱ^gⁿ^a^tion^of^Quⁱⁿ^tin^P^a^redes^;^th
^s^e^rvⁱ^{ce beg}^aⁿ^on^Jan^u^a^ry^{3, 1939, u}^pon^con^v^eⁿⁱⁿ^g^of⁷⁶^Co^ngr^e^ss.
^l^.^Re^si^gne^d^A^ugust⁹^,^1944.
^m^.^A^ppoiⁿ^t^{ed t}^o^{fill v}^acan^cy^cau^s^e^{d by}^t^h^{e res}ⁱ^gⁿ^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^of^Joaquⁱⁿ^{M. El}ⁱ^zal^{de, an}^d
^succeed^ed^him^oⁿ^A^{ugust 2}¹^,^1944.
ⁿ^.^O^f^fⁱ^{ce of}^R^e^sⁱ^den^t^C^o^m^mⁱ^s^sⁱ^on^{er t}^e^rmⁱⁿ^at^{ed on}^Ju^l^y^{4, 1946.}