Presidential Appointments to Full-Time Positions on Regulatory and Other Collegial Boards and Commissions, 106th Congress

CRS Report for Congress
Presidential Appointments to Full-Time Positions
on Regulatory and Other Collegial Boards and
th
Commissions, 106 Congress
Updated March 21, 2001
Rogelio Garcia
Specialist in American National Government
Government and Finance Division


Congressional Research Service The Library of Congress

Presidential Appointments to Full-Time Positions on
Regulatory and Other Collegial Boards and
Commissions, 106th Congress
Summary
This report lists full-time positions, requiring Senate confirmation, in regulatory
and other collegial bodies. Incumbents in each position are identified, as are fixed-
term positions, and the dates their terms of office expire. The report also provides
information on the nominations made by President Clinton to positions that were
vacant or had incumbents whose terms had expired, and Senate actions on the
nominations. In addition, a brief profile of each board and commission indicates if
political balance is required among the members, and, if so, the political affiliation of
the incumbent, and whether an incumbent may remain in office when a term expires.
During the 106th Congress, which adjourned on December 15, 2000, the
President submitted 76 nominations to positions on regulatory boards and
commissions. Forty-two of the nominations were confirmed, seven withdrawn and
27 returned. On average, the Senate took 83 days to confirm a nomination. As of
December 31, 2000, of 147 positions in 33 agencies, 19 were vacant, 17 were filled
by incumbents whose terms had expired, and 10 were filled by recess appointees. The
rest were filled by incumbents who had been confirmed by the Senate and whose term
of office had not expired.
The report does not include organizations such as the Board for International
Broadcasting, the Legal Services Corporation, and the United States Postal Service,
whose members serve on a part-time basis. Information for this report was obtained
from the nominations file in LEGIS (a database available from the Senate Computer
Center), the Congressional Record (daily edition), from the Weekly Compilation of
Presidential Documents, and through telephone discussions with agency officials.



Contents
Introduction ................................................... 1th
Appointments During the 106 Congress..........................1
Average Time to Confirm a Nomination...........................2
The Appointment Process.....................................3
Recess Appointments.........................................4
Characterization of Regulatory and Other Collegial Bodies............5
Organization of the Report.....................................5
Positions in Agencies and Their Status...........................10
Chemical Safety and
Hazard Investigation Board (CSHIB)............................11
Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC)......................12
Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC)........................13
Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board (DNFSB)......................14
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)...................15
Export-Import Bank (EXIMBANK)................................16
Farm Credit Administration (FCA).................................17
Federal Communications Commission (FCC)..........................18
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC),
Board of Directors..........................................19
Federal Election Commission (FEC)................................20
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC).......................21
Federal Housing Finance Board....................................22
Federal Labor Relations Authority (FLRA).......................23
Federal Maritime Commission (FMC)...............................24
Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission (FMSHRC)..........25
Federal Reserve System (FRS), Board of Governors....................26
Federal Trade Commission (FTC)..................................27
Foreign Claims Settlement Commission (FCSC).......................28



Merit Systems Protection Board (MSPB)............................29
National Credit Union Administration (NCUA),
Board of Directors..........................................30
National Labor Relations Board (NLRB).............................31
National Mediation Board (NMB)..................................32
National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB)........................33
Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC).............................34
Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (OSHRC)...........35
Postal Rate Commission (PRC)....................................36
Railroad Retirement Board (RRB)..................................37
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)..........................38
Surface Transportation Board (STB)................................39
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA).................................40
United States International Trade Commission (USITC).................41
United States Parole Commission (USPC)............................42
United States Sentencing Commission (USSC)........................43
List of Agency Abbreviations......................................44
List of Tables
Table 1. Appointment Action During 106th Congress ....................1
Table 2. Alphabetical List of Appointees .............................7
Table 3. Number of Agency Positions, 1999 ..........................10



Presidential Appointments to Full-Time
Positions on Regulatory and Other Collegial
th
Boards and Commissions, 106 Congress
Introduction
Appointments During the 106th Congress
During the 106th Congress, the President submitted 76 nominations1 to full-
time positions on regulatory boards and commissions. Forty-two of the nominations
were confirmed, seven withdrawn and 27 returned. The large number of failed
nominations reflects the fact that in a presidential election year the Senate, when
controlled by the opposition party, is reluctant to confirm nominees to fixed-term
positions in which they may serve for several years. The reluctance is based on the
hope that its own presidential candidate would win the election and maketh
appointments to the positions. Table 1 presents the appointment action in the 106
Congress.
1. Appointment Action
During the 106th Congress, 1999 - 2000
Positions147
Nominations submitted to Senate76
Nominations confirmed42
Nominations withdrawn7
Nominations returned27
Recess appointments17


1To avoid double counting, only one nomination is counted as being submitted when (1) a
nomination is withdrawn by the White House to make a minor change and is then immediately
resubmitted to the Senate; or (2) the same person was nominated both as member and as chair;
or (3) a nomination is submitted to the Senate, the nominee is given a recess appointment
while the nomination is pending, and a second nomination is submitted notifying the Senate
that the nominee has been given a recess appointment. Consequently, total figures regarding
nominations in this report will not be the same as those found in the monthly “Resume of
Congressional Activity” in the Congressional Record, nor in the nominations returned and
withdrawn section of the Journal of the Executive Proceedings of the Senate.

Average Time to Confirm a Nomination
The average time the Senate took to confirm a nomination to an independent
regulatory board or commission, as well as the average time the President took to
submit a nomination, may not be as meaningful when considering independent
regulatory boards or commissions as it is when considering executive departments and
single-headed independent agencies. Nearly all positions on boards and commissions
are for a fixed term of office, and, when a term expires, in most instances the
incumbent may remain in office until he or she is replaced by a successor. Moreover,
a nomination is frequently submitted before an incumbent’s term expires.
Consequently, the average time taken to confirm a nomination generally is not as
crucial for independent regulatory boards and commission as it is for executive
departments and single-headed independent agencies, where a nomination is generally
made to a position that is vacant.
During the 106th Congress, the Senate took an average of 83 days to confirm a
nomination to an independent regulatory board or commission after it was received.2
During the 105th Congress, the Senate took an average of 79 days to confirm a
nomination to independent regulatory boards and commissions. (No information is
readily available on how long the President took to submit a nomination when a term
expired or a position became vacant.) Of the 42 nominations confirmed, 29 were
confirmed in less time than the 83-day average, while the remaining 13 took longer
to confirm. The number of days to confirm individual nominations varied widely.
While 10 nominations were confirmed in less than a month, two took over six months,
another two took over eight months, and one took over twelve months.
The fact that most of the independent regulatory boards and commissions require
a political balance among their members, (i.e., no more than a simple majority may be
from the same political party) means that the President must negotiate over
nominations with leaders of the opposition party in Congress. These negotiations
involve questions not only of patronage, but also of policy, especially when the board
or commission is involved in areas that may, at the time, be particularly sensitive.
This often results in a packaging process, whereby the President submits several
nominations together for positions in a particular agency, and the Senate then
confirms that group of nominations as a package. Sometimes, however, only one or
two nominations are submitted when three or four positions may be available. When
this occurs, a nomination may remain before the Senate for many months, until one
or two additional nominations are submitted. Generally, all are then quickly3
confirmed. A variation of this packaging process appears to have been the case


2The average number of days to confirm a nomination is calculated by subtracting the number
of days between the nomination and confirmation dates, adding those numbers, and dividing
the result by the number of nominations confirmed. Not included in the calculations are the
32-day August-September recess (08/08/99 - 09/09/99) during the first session, the 40-day
July-September recess (07/27/00 - 09/05/00) during the second session, and the 56-day
November-January adjournment period between the first and second sessions (11/29/99 -

01/24/00) if a nomination was pending during those periods.


3For example, two Democratic nominees were nominated, one in March and the other in April,
(continued...)

regarding the boards and commissions in table 2, as well as other boards and
commissions.
The Appointment Process
The President and the Senate share the power to appoint the principal officers4
of the United States. The Constitution (Article II, Section 2) empowers the
President to nominate and, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to
appoint the principal officers of the United States. Three distinct stages mark the
appointment process)nomination, confirmation, and appointment.
In the nomination, or first, stage, the President selects the nominee and sends his
or her name to the Senate. For positions that are located within a state (U.S.
Attorney, U.S. Marshal, and U.S. District Judge), the President, by custom, normally
nominates an individual recommended by the Senator or Senators (if they are from the
same party as the President) from that state. If neither Senator is from the same party,
the President normally defers to the recommendations of party leaders from that state.
Occasionally, the President solicits recommendations from Senators from the
opposition party because of their positions in the Senate. Before making a nomination
to a federal position at the national or state level, the President must consider how it
will fare in the confirmation process.
A nomination to a position does not give the nominee legal authority to assume
the duties and responsibilities of the position. That authority comes only after the
nominee is confirmed and appointed. While awaiting confirmation, a nominee often
is hired as a consultant and may act only in an advisory capacity.
In the confirmation or second stage, the Senate alone determines whether to
approve or disapprove a nomination. How the Senate acts on a nomination depends
largely on the importance of the position involved, existing political circumstances,
and policy implications. Generally, the Senate shows particular interest in the
nominee’s views and how he or she is likely to affect public policy.5 How closely the
nominee’s personal and professional qualities are examined may depend on the
importance of the position, the nominee’s possible or likely effect on constituent
interests, and his or her possible or likely influence on public policy.
Although the Senate confirms most nominations, no President can safely assume
that all of his nominees to full-time positions will be approved routinely. This is


3(...continued)
to positions on the Federal Maritime Commission. No action was taken on either nominee
until a Republican was nominated in November, at which time the Senate confirmed the
Republican nominee and one of the Democratic nominees.
4 A succinct historical and contemporary overview of the appointment power is found in
Louis Fisher, Constitutional Conflicts between Congress and the President, 3rd ed. rev.
(Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas, 1991), pp. 23-52.
5G. Calvin Mackenzie, The Politics of Presidential Appointments (New York: Free Press,

1981), pp. 97-189.



especially true of nominations to regulatory and other collegial boards and
commissions. Between 1981 and 1992, 22% of the nominations to boards and
commissions failed. During the same period, 11% of the nominations to independent6
agencies and 9% of the nominations to executive departments also failed.
The full Senate seldom rejects a nomination. Nearly all rejections occur in
committee, either by committee vote or by committee inaction. Nominations fail for
many reasons, including: opposition to the nomination; insufficient time for
consideration of the nomination; or political conflict between the President and the
Senate or individual Senators that may have nothing to do with the nomination.
The first two stages of the appointment process may be summarized by the view
that, while the President proposes, the Senate disposes. In the third, or final stage,
the confirmed nominee is given a commission signed by the President, with the seal
of the United States affixed thereto, and is sworn into office. At that point, he or she
has full authority to carry out the responsibilities of the office.
Recess Appointments
The President may also make appointments without Senate confirmation when
the Senate is in recess (Article II, Section II of the Constitution), either during a
session (intrasession recess appointment) or between sessions (intersession recess
appointment). Recess appointments expire at the end of the next session of Congress.
Presidents have occasionally used the recess appointment power to circumvent
the confirmation process. In response, Congress has placed additional restrictions on
the President’s authority to make a recess appointment. Under 5 U.S.C. 5503(a), if
the position to which the President makes a recess appointment falls vacant while the
Senate is in session, the appointee may not be paid from the Treasury until he or she
is confirmed by the Senate. The salary prohibition does not apply: (1) if the vacancy
arose within 30 days before the end of the session; (2) if a nomination for the office
(other than the nomination of someone given a recess appointment during the
preceding recess) was pending when the Senate recessed; or (3) if a nomination was
rejected within 30 days before the end of the session and another individual was given
the recess appointment. A recess appointee falling under any one of these three
exceptions must be nominated not later than 40 days after the beginning of the next
session of the Senate.7 For this reason, when a recess appointment is made, the


6U.S. Library of Congress, Congressional Research Service, Senate Action on Nominations
to Policy Positions in the Executive Branch, 1981-1992, by Rogelio Garcia, CRS Report 93-
464 GOV (Washington: April 28, 1993). The study did not include nominations submitted
by Presidents Carter and Reagan in the last month of their administrations, or nominations
submitted within a month of the Senate’s adjournment at the end of a session. It also excluded
nominations to the judiciary, military services, Foreign Service, National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration Officer Corps, and Public Health Service Officer Corps as well
as nominations to all ambassadorial, U.S. Attorney, U.S. Marshal, and part-time positions.
7For additional information on recess appointments, see U.S. Library of Congress,
Congressional Research Service, Recess Appointments: Legal Overview, by Richard C.
(continued...)

President generally submits a new nomination for the nominee even when an old
nomination is pending.
Characterization of Regulatory and Other Collegial Bodies
Federal executive boards and commissions share the following characteristics:8
(1) they are independent executive bodies located outside executive departments; (2)
several members head each entity; (3) the members are appointed by the President
with the advice and consent of the Senate; and (4) the members serve fixed terms of
office, and, except in a few bodies, cannot be removed by the President except for
cause.
Presidential appointees to federal regulatory boards and commissions, with a few
exceptions, serve for staggered, fixed terms, and are removable only for cause.
Sometimes, the time between confirmation and the term-expiration date is less than
the fixed term of office. This results from the fact that a nominee generally is
nominated and confirmed either long after a term has expired and a new term has
begun or to complete an unexpired term. Occasionally, if the unexpired term is for
a very short period, two nominations of the same person are submitted
simultaneously)the first to complete the unexpired term and the second to complete
a regular term of office.
On some commissions, the chair is subject to Senate confirmation and must be
appointed from among the incumbent commissioners. If the President wishes to
appoint as chair someone who is not on the commission, two nominations are
submitted simultaneously for the nominee)the first for member and the second for
chair.
On 24 of the regulatory and other collegial boards and commissions, no more
than a simple majority of the appointed members (e.g., two of three, or three of five)
may belong to the same political party. Finally, three boards and commissions each
have an inspector general, and three others each have a general counsel appointed by
the President with the advice and consent of the Senate.
Organization of the Report
Profiles of the boards and commissions proffered here are organized into three
sections: organizational structure; current membership; and nominations and
appointments. The organizational section discusses the number of members on each
board or commission, their terms of office, if they may continue in their positions after
their terms expire, if political balance is needed, and how the chairman is selected.


7(...continued)
Ehlke, CRS Report 87-832 A (Washington: Oct. 19, 1987).
8Exceptions are the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), located in the
Department of Energy (DOE), and the Surface Transportation Board (STB), located in the
Department of Transportation (DOT); the FERC’s enabling statute designates it as an
independent entity in DOE, while that of the STB states only that it is located in DOT.

In the “Current Membership” section under each agency, incumbents whose
terms have expired, but who continue in office, are italicized. For those agencies
requiring political balance among their members, the political affiliation of an
incumbent generally is listed as Democrat (D), Republican (R), or Independent (I).
When the term of office expires sometime in the year 2000, the year column under
“Term expires” begins with a 0. For example, if a term expires on October 21, 2000,
it is cited as 10/21/00; if on March 3, 2005, it is cited as 03/03/05. Information on
incumbents is current as of December 31, 2000.
Data on appointment action during the 106th Congress appear under the “Current
Membership” section and the “Appointment Action” section. The “Current
Membership” section identifies all positions in each agency requiring Senate
confirmation and the incumbents in those positions. Most of the incumbents serve
fixed terms of office and are removable only for specified causes. They generally
remain in office when a new administration assumes office following a presidential
election. The section also includes the grade level of each position. As presidential
appointment positions requiring Senate confirmation, the grade level falls under the
Executive Schedule, which ranges from level I for cabinet level offices, to level V for
the lowest ranked positions. Most of the positions for chairperson are at level III9
($130,200), and for members at level IV ($122,400).
The “Appointment Action” section lists the names of the nominees and
appointees in alphabetical order, and notes the positions to which they were
nominated, the dates of nomination, and the dates of confirmation. Actions other than
confirmation (i.e., nominations rejected by the Senate or returned to, or withdrawn
by, the President, or recess appointments) are also noted.
An alphabetical list of all nominees begins on page seven, noting the agency
involved and date of nomination and confirmation.10 The list also indicates if a
nomination was withdrawn, returned, or rejected, or if a recess appointment was
made. Occasionally, when a position is vacant and the unexpired term of office ends
within a number of weeks or months, two nominations for the same nominee are
submitted, the first to complete the unexpired term, and the second for a full-term
following completion of the expired term. Also, when a nominee is awaiting Senate


9The salary figures are for 2000.
10Information for this report was obtained from the nominations file in LEGIS (a database
available from the Senate Computer Center), the Congressional Record (daily edition), the
Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents, and telephone discussions with agency
officials. Similar reports are available for previous Congresses. U.S. Library of Congress,
Congressional Research Service, Presidential Appointments to Full-Time Positions onrd
Regulatory and Other Collegial Boards and Commissions, 103 Congress, by Rogelio
Garcia, CRS Report 94-628 GOV (Washington: Feb. 10, 1995); U.S. Library of Congress,
Congressional Research Service, Presidential Appointments to Full-Time Positions onth
Regulatory and Other Collegial Boards and Commissions, 104 Congress, by Rogelio
Garcia, CRS Report 96-271GOV (Washington: Nov. 18, 1996); and U.S. Library of
Congress, Congressional Research Service, Presidential Appointments to Full-Time Positionsth
on Regulatory and Other Collegial Boards and Commissions, 105 Congress, by Rogelio
Garcia, CRS Report 98-137 GOV (Washington: Dec. 4, 1998).

action and he or she is given a recess appointment, a second, follow-up, nomination
is submitted to comply with the requirements of 5 U.S.C. 5503(b).
In the table, the average number of days to confirm a nomination is calculated
by subtracting the number of days between the confirmation and nomination dates and
dividing the result by the number of nominations confirmed. Not included in the
calculations are the 32-day recess in August-September (08/08/99–09/08/99) during
the first session, the 40-day recess in July-September (07/27/00–09/05/00) during the
second session, and the 56-day adjournment period (11/29/99–01/24/00) between the
first and second sessions of the 106th Congress.
2. Alphabetical List of Appointees
Days tob
NomineeAgencyaNominated Confirmedconfirm
Geoff BacinoMSPB07/26/00Returned 12/15/00
Geoff BacinoMSPBRecess appointment 12/29/00
Joseph E. BrennanFMC03/22/9911/10/99201
Ann BrownCPSC06/10/9907/01/9921
Ann BrownCPSC06/10/9907/01/9921c
Wayne BurkesSTB01/06/9902/22/9947
Carol J. CarmodyNTSB11/08/9905/24/00142
Ruben CastilloUSSC08/05/9911/10/9965
Bonnie P. CastreyFLRA07/13/00Returned 12/15/00
William Clyburn, Jr.STB01/06/9902/12/9937
Ernest W. DuBesterNMB11/10/9911/19/999
Francis J. DugganNMB11/10/9911/19/999
Michael V. DunnFCA04/06/00Returned 12/15/00
Michael V. DunnFCARecess appointment 12/21/00
A. J. EggenbergerDNFSB09/24/9910/29/9935
Lois N. EpsteinCSHIB10/25/00Returned 12/15/00
Thomas J. EricksonCFTC02/04/9906/16/99132
Roger W. Ferguson, Jr.FRS09/13/9909/29/9916
Roger W. Ferguson, Jr.FRS09/13/9909/29/9916c
Sarah M. FoxNLRBRecess appointment 12/17/99
Sarah M. FoxNLRB03/20/00Withdrawn 10/17/00
Sarah M. FoxOSHRC12/15/00Returned 12/15/00
Michael J. GainesUSPC07/19/99Returned 12/15/00
Mary S. GallCPSC05/26/9907/01/9936
John GogliaNTSB08/05/9905/24/00205
Alan GreenspanFRS01/24/0002/03/0010c
Skila HarrisTVA09/29/9911/10/9942
Curt Hebert, Jr.FERC07/01/9907/30/9929
Paul L. Hill, Jr.CSHIB08/05/9910/01/9925
Paul L. Hill, Jr.CSHIB08/05/9910/01/9925c
James J. HoeckerFERC11/09/99Returned 12/15/00



Days tob
NomineeAgencyaNominated Confirmedconfirm
James J. HoeckerFERCRecess appointment 12/18/00
Richard C. HouseworthFDIC01/31/00Returned 12/15/00
Issac C. Hunt, Jr.SEC10/26/00Returned 12/15/00
Magdalena G. JacobsenNMB11/10/9911/19/999
Janie L. JeffersUSPC11/16/99Returned 12/15/00
Janie L. JeffersUSPCRecess appointment 12/09/99
Reginald E. JonesEEOC10/02/00Returned 12/15/00
Timothy E. Jones, Jr.USPC07/19/99Withdrawn 11/19/99
Timothy E. Jones, Jr.USPC11/19/99Returned 12/15/00
Timothy E. Jones, Jr.USPCRecess appointment 12/29/00
Jerome F. KeverRRB11/16/9905/24/00134
John R. LaceyFCSC11/09/99Returned 12/15/00
Thomas B. LearyFTC07/27/9911/10/9974
Franz S. LeichterFHFB06/08/99Returned 12/15/00
Franz S. LeichterFHFBRecess appointment 08/03/00
Marc L. MarksFMSHRC06/08/00Withdrawn 10/26/00
Glenn L. McCullough, Jr.TVA09/29/9911/10/9942
Danny L. McDonaldFEC02/09/0005/24/00105
Edward McGaffigan, Jr.NRC02/03/0005/24/00111
Allan I. MendelowitzFHFB06/16/00Returned 12/15/00
Allan I. MendelowitzFHFBRecess appointment 12/28/00
Antony M. MerckFMC11/09/9911/10/991
Richard A. MeserveNRC08/05/9910/01/9925
Douglas L. MillerFHFB06/08/99Returned 12/15/00
Paul S. MillerEEOC05/24/9911/19/99147
Linda J. MorganSTB08/05/9911/10/9965
Bruce A. MorrisonFHFB10/29/99Withdrawn 06/16/00
Diana E. MurphyUSSC08/05/9911/10/9965
Susan NessFCC07/19/99Returned 12/15/00
Susan NessFCCRecess appointment 12/18/00
Timothy O’NeillFHFB10/29/99Returned 12/15/00
Deanna T. OkunUSITC11/10/9911/19/999
George A. OmasPRC07/21/0010/26/0057
Leonard R. PageNLRB02/11/99Returned 12/15/00
Leonard R. PageNLRBRecess appointment 11/22/99
Carol J. ParryFRS08/05/99Returned 12/15/00
Gerald V. PojeCSHIB09/27/9911/10/9944
Carol W. PopeFLRA11/10/9910/26/00255
Marie F. RagghiantiUSPC07/19/99Withdrawn 11/19/99
Marie F. RagghiantiUSPC11/19/99Returned 12/15/00
Marie F. RagghiantiUSPCRecess appointment 12/09/99



Days tob
NomineeAgencyaNominated Confirmedconfirm
William J. RainerCFTC06/23/9908/05/9943
William J. RainerCFTC06/23/9908/05/9943c
John M. ReichFDIC10/05/0012/15/0071
Edward F. Reilly, Jr.USPC10/02/00Returned 12/15/00
Dan H. RenbergEXIMBAk08/04/9911/10/9966
James C. RileyFMSHRC06/08/00Returned 12/15/00
James C. RileyFMSHRCRecess appointment 08/31/00
Jessie M. RobersonDNFSB09/24/9910/29/9935
Barbara J. SapinMSPB05/03/00Returned 12/15/00
Barbara J. SapinMSPBRecess appointment 12/28/00
John R. SimpsonUSPC07/19/99Withdrawn 07/26/00
Beth S. SlavetMSPB03/23/00Returned 12/15/00
Beth S. SlavetMSPBRecess appointment 12/22/00
Bradley A. SmithFEC02/09/0005/24/00105
Virgil M. Speakman, Jr.RRB11/16/9905/24/00134
John R. SteerUSSC09/14/9911/10/9957
Clifford G. StewartEEOC07/01/99Returned 12/15/00
Clifford G. StewartEEOCRecess appointment 12/22/99
Donna TanoueFDIC01/31/00Returned 12/15/00
John C. TruesdaleNLRB02/11/9911/19/99249
Gary L. VisscherOSHRC03/23/9905/20/9958
Dennis P. WalshNLRB10/17/00Returned 12/15/00
Dennis P. WalshNLRBRecess appointment 12/29/00
Dorian V. WeaverEXIMBA07/28/9911/10/9973
Stuart E. WeisbergOSHRC05/11/99Withdrawn 12/15/00
Stuart E. WeisbergOSHRCRecess appointment 12/09/99
Delmond J. H. WonFMC04/12/9909/08/00387
Average number of days to confirm a nomination83
a A key to agency acronyms is at page 44.
b The average number of total days to confirm a nomination in the above table and the ensuing tables
is calculated by subtracting the number of days between the confirmation and nomination dates for all
nominees, adding the numbers, and dividing the result by the number of nominations confirmed. Not included
in the calculations are the 32-day August-September recess (08/08/99–09/09/99) during the first session, the
40-day July-September recess (07/27/00-09/05/00) during the second session, and the 56-day adjournmentstndth
period between the 1 and 2 sessions of the 106 Congress (11/29/99–01/24/00) if a nomination was pending
during those periods.c
The number of days taken to confirm this nomination is not included in the average number of days
taken to confirm a nomination in the table because it involved appointment to be the chair or vice chair of the
agency, not appointment to the agency.



Positions in Agencies and Their Status
At the end of 2000, of 147 member and other positions requiring confirmation on 33 independent boards
and commissions, 14 were filled by incumbents whose terms had expired, 10 were filled by recess appointees,
and 19 were vacant.
3. Number of Agency Positions, December 31, 2000
Positions Vacant Term Nominated Confirmed Returned Recess
CSHIB 5 2 0 3 2 1 0
CFTC 5 0 1 2 2 0 0
CPSC 3 0 0 2 2 0 0
DNFSB 5 0 1 2 2 0 0
EEOC 6 3 0 3 1 2 0
EXIMBA 5 1 0 2 2 0 0
FCA 3 0 0 1 0 1 1
FCC 5 0 1 1 0 1 1
FDIC 4 1 1 3 1 2 0
FEC 6 0 0 2 2 0 0
FERC 5 1 0 2 1 1 1
FHFB 4 1 1 5 0 5 2
FLRA 4 0 1 2 1 1 0
FMC 5 0 2 3 3 0 0
FMSHRC 5 1 0 2 0 2 1
FRS 7 2 0 2 1 1 0
FTC 5 0 0 1 1 0 0
FCSC 1 1 0 1 0 1 0
MSPB 3 0 0 1 0 1 1
NCUA 3 0 0 1 0 1 1
NLRB 6 2 0 4 1 3 1
NMB 3 0 0 3 3 0 0
NTSB 5 0 1 2 2 0 0
NRC 6 0 0 2 2 0 0
OSHRC 3 2 0 3 1 2 0
PRC 5 0 1 1 1 0 0
RRB 4 0 0 2 2 0 0
SEC 5 1 1 1 0 1 0
STB 3 0 1 3 3 0 0
TVA 3 0 0 2 2 0 0
USITC 6 0 1 1 1 0 0
USPC 5 1 1 8 0 8 1
USSC 4 0 0 3 3 0 0
147 19 14 76 42 34 10



Chemical Safety and
Hazard Investigation Board (CSHIB)
The CSHIB is an independent agency consisting of five members (no political balance is
required) who serve five-year terms. The chairperson is subject to confirmation by the Senate. When
a term expires, the incumbent must leave office. (42 U.S.C. 7412(r)(6))
Current Membership
DateTermGrade
Incumbent Part confirmed expires level Comments
y
Gerald V. Pojena11/10/9910/01/04IVReappointed
Isodore Rosenthalna10/21/9810/21/03IV
Andrea K. Taylorna10/21/9810/21/03IV
Vacantna5 yearsIV
Vacantna5 yearsIV
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
DateDateDays to1
Nominee Part Position nominated confirmed confirm
y
Lois N. Epstein2naMember10/25/00Returned 12/15/00
Paul L. Hill, Jr.3naMember08/05/9910/01/9925
Paul L. Hill, Jr.naChair408/05/9910/01/99255
Gerald V. Poje6 naMember09/27/9911/10/9944
Average number of days to confirm a nomination35


1Not included in the days to confirm calculation for the CSHIB and the other agencies are the
32 day recess in August-September (08/08/99-09/09/99) during the first session, 40-day
recess in July-September (07/27/00-09/05/00) during the second session, and the 56-day
adjournment between the first and second sessions (11/29/99-01/24/00), if a nomination was
pending during those periods.
2For a term of five years, vice Devra Lee Davis, resigned.
3For a term of five years, reappointment. He resigned a year after his appointment.
4Nominations to be the chair or vice chair of an agency are not included when calculating the
average number of days to taken by the Senate to confirm a nomination.
5Number of days the Senate takes to confirm the chair or vice chair of agency is not computed
into overall statistics regarding the number of days the Senate takes to confirm a member of
the agency.
6For a term of five years, reappointment.

Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC)
The CFTC consists of five members (no more than three may be from the same political party)
who serve five-year terms. At the end of a term, a member may remain in office until the end of the
next session of Congress. The chair is also appointed by the President, with the advice and consent
of the Senate. (7 U.S.C. 4a)
Current Membership
DateTermGrade
Incumbent Party confirmed expires level Comments
William J. RainerD08/05/9904/13/04IIIChair
Thomas J. EricksonD06/16/9904/13/03IV
Barbara P. HolumD06/23/9804/13/02IVReappointed
James E. NewsomeR07/22/9806/19/01IV
David D. SpearsR08/02/9604/13/00IV
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
DateDateDays to
Nominee Party Position nominated confirmed confirm
Thomas J. Erickson1DMember02/04/9906/16/99132
William J. Rainer2DMember06/23/9908/05/9943
William J. RainerDChair06/23/9908/05/99433
Average number of days to confirm a nomination88


1For a term expiring 04/13/03, vice John E. Tull, Jr., term expired.
2For a term expiring 04/13/04, vice Brooksley E. Born, resigned.
3Number of days the Senate takes to confirm the chair or vice chair of agency is not computed
into overall statistics regarding the number of days the Senate takes to confirm a member of
the agency.

Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC)
The statute establishing the CPSC calls for five members, but funding is authorized for only three
members, who serve seven-year terms. No more than a simple majority of the members may be from
the same political party. At the end of a term, a member may remain in office for one year. The chair
is also appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate. (15 U.S.C. 2053)
Current Membership1
Date TermGrade
IncumbentPartyconfirmed expireslevelComments
Ann BrownD07/01/9910/27/06IIIChair
Mary S. GallR07/01/9910/27/05IV
Thomas H. MooreD08/02/9610/25/03IVReappointed
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
Date DateDays to
Nominee Party Position nominated confirmed confirm
Ann Brown2DMember06/10/9907/01/9921
Ann BrownDChair06/10/9907/01/99213
Mary S. Gall4RMember05/26/9907/01/9936
Average number of days to confirm a nomination29


1Two vacant positions are not listed, because, since fiscal year 1993, funds have not been
made available for the compensation and benefits of more than three members of the
commission (P.L. 102-389, Title 3, Oct. 6, 1992; 105 Stat. 1596; 15 U.S.C. 2053 note.)
2For a term expiring 10/27/06, reappointment.
3Number of days the Senate takes to confirm the chair or vice chair of agency is not computed
into overall statistics regarding the number of days the Senate takes to confirm a member of
the agency.
4For a term expiring 10/27/05, reappointment.

Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board (DNFSB)
The DNFSB consists of five members (no more than three may be from the same political party)
who serve five-year terms. After a term expires, a member may continue to serve until a successor
takes office. The President designates the chair and vice chair. (42 USC 2286)
Current Membership
DateTerm Grade
Incumbent Party confirmed expires level Comments
John T. ConwayD09/29/9510/18/99IIIChair
A. J. EggenbergerR10/29/9910/18/03IIIVice Chair
Joseph J. DinunnoD03/28/9610/18/00IIIReappointed
John E. MansfieldR10/30/9710/18/01III
Jessie M. RobersonD10/29/9910/18/02III
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
DateDateDays to
Nominee Party Position nominated confirmed confirm
A. J. Eggenberger1RMember09/24/9910/29/9935
Jessie M. Roberson2DMember09/24/9910/29/9935
Average number of days to confirm a nomination35


1For a term expiring 10/18/03, reappointment.
2For a term expiring 10/18/02, vice Herbert Kouts, term expired.

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)
The EEOC consists of five members (no more than three may be from the same political party)
who serve five-year terms. An incumbent whose term has expired may continue to serve until a
successor is appointed, except that no such member may continue to serve (1) for more than 60 days
when Congress is in session unless a successor has been nominated, or (2) after the adjournment of
the session of the Senate in which the nomination was submitted. The President designates the chair.
The President also appoints the general counsel, subject to the advice and consent of the Senate. (42
U.S.C. 2000e-4(a))
Current Membership
Date TermGrade
Incumbent Partyconfirmed expireslevelComments
Ida L. CastroD10/21/9807/01/03IIIChair
Paul S. MillerD11/19/9907/01/04IVReappointed
Paul M. IgasakiD10/21/9807/01/02IVReappointed
Vacant 07/01/05 IV
Vacant 07/01/01 IV
Vacantna4 yearsVGeneral Counsel1
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
DateDateDays to
Nominee Party Position nominated confirmed confirm
Reginald E. JonesRMember10/02/00Returned 12/15/00
Paul S. Miller2DMember05/24/9911/19/99147
Clifford G. StewartnaGeneral Counsel07/01/99Returned 12/15/00
Clifford G. StewartnaGeneral CounselRecess appointment 12/22/993
Average number of days to confirm a nomination147


1Term of office is four years.
2For a term expiring 07/01/04, reappointment.
3Recess appointment expired at end of second session of the 106th Congress.

Export-Import Bank (EXIMBANK)
The EXIMBANK consists of five members (no more than three may be from the same political
party) who serve four-year terms. An incumbent whose term has expired may continue to serve (1)
until a successor is appointed, or (2) until six months pass after the term expires–whichever occurs
earlier. The chair, who is the president of the Bank, is also appointed by the President, with the
advice and consent of the Senate. (12 U.S.C. 635a)
Current Membership
Date Term Grade
Incumbent Party confirmed expires level Comments
James A. HarmonD06/12/9701/20/01IIIPresident
Jackie M. CleggI06/12/9701/20/01IVVice President
Dan H. RenbergR11/10/9901/20/03IV
Dorian V. WeaverD11/10/9901/20/03IV
Vacant 01/20/04 IV
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
Date Date Days to
Nominee Party Position nominated confirmed confirm
Dan H. Renberg1RMember08/04/9911/10/9966
Dorian V. Weaver2DMember07/28/9911/10/9973
Average number of days to confirm a nomination70


1For term expiring 01/20/03, vice Julie D. Belaga, term expired.
2For term expiring 01/20/03, vice Maria L. M. Haley, resigned.

Farm Credit Administration (FCA)
The FCA consists of three members (no more than two may be from the same political party)
who serve six-year terms. A member whose term expires may continue to serve until a successor
takes office. The President designates the chair. (12 U.S.C. 2242)
Current Membership
DateTermGrade
IncumbentPartyconfirmed expireslevelComments
Michael M. ReynaD10/21/9805/21/04IIIChair
Ann JorgensonR05/23/9705/21/02IV
Michael V. DunnRecess appointee1IV
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
Date DateDays to
NomineePartyPositionnominated confirmedconfirm
Michael V. Dunn2Member04/06/00Returned 12/15/00
Michael V. DunnMemberRecess appointment 12/21/00
Average number of days to confirm a nomination


1Recess appointment expires at the end of the first session of the 107th Congress.
2For term expiring 10/13/06, vice Marsha P. Martin, term expired.

Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
The FCC consists of five members (no more than three may be from the same political party)
who serve five-year terms. When a term expires, a member may continue to serve until the end of
the next session of Congress. The President designates the chair. (47 U.S.C. 154)
Current Membership
DateTermGrade
IncumbentPartyconfirmed expireslevelComments
William E. KennardD10/29/9706/30/01IIIChair
Harold W. Furchtogott-RothR10/28/9706/30/00IV
Michael K. PowellR10/28/9706/30/02IV
Gloria TristaniD10/28/9706/30/03IV
Susan NessDRecess appointee1IV
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
DateDateDays to
NomineePartyPositionnominated confirmedconfirm
Susan Ness2DMember07/19/99Returned 12/15/00
Susan NessDMemberRecess appointment 12/18/00
Average number of days to confirm a nomination


1Recess appointment expires at the end of the first session of the 107th Congress.
2For a term expiring 07/01/04, reappointment.

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC),
Board of Directors
The FDIC consists of five members, of whom two)the comptroller of the currency and the
director of the Office of Thrift Supervision (OTS))are ex officio. The three appointed members–of
whom no more than two may belong to the same political party– serve six-year terms. When a term
expires, the member may continue to serve until a successor is appointed. The President designates
the chair and vice chair, with the advice and consent of the Senate, from among the appointed
officers. The President also appoints the inspector general, subject to the advice and consent of the
Senate. (12 U.S.C. 1812)
Current Membership
Date TermGrade
IncumbentPartyconfirmed expireslevelComments
Donna TanoueD04/30/9810/03/00IIIChair
John M. ReichR12/15/0012/14/06IV
Vacant 12/21/01 IV
John D. HawkenaComptroller of the CurrencyEx officio
Ellen Seidmanna Office of Thrift Ex officio
Supervision, Director
Gaston L. Gianni, Jr.na03/29/96Indefinite1IVInspector General
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
DateDateDays to
Nominee Party Position nominated confirmed confirm
Richard C. Houseworth2DMember01/31/00Returned 12/15/00
John M. Reich3RMember10/05/0012/15/0071
Donna Tanoue4DMember01/31/00Returned 12/15/00
Average number of days to confirm a nomination71


1The President may remove the incumbent at any time.
2For a term expiring in six years, vice Joseph H. Neely, resigned.
3For a term expiring in six years, vice Andrew C. Hove, Jr.
4For a term expiring in six years, reappointment.

Federal Election Commission (FEC)
The FEC consists of six members (no more than three may be from the same political party) who
serve six-year terms. When a term expires, a member may continue to serve until a successor takes
office. Persons nominated and appointed to the FEC after December 31, 1997, are not eligible for
reappointment after their terms expire. (P.L. 105-61, Title 5, sec. 513.) A new chair and vice chair,
from different political parties, are designated by the commission each year. The vice chair is elevated
to the chair the following year. (2 U.S.C. 437c)
Current Membership
DateTermGrade
IncumbentPartyconfirmed expireslevelComments
Darryl R. WoldR07/30/9804/30/01IVChair
Danny L. McDonaldD05/24/0004/30/05IVVice Chair
Scott E. ThomasD07/30/9804/30/03IV
Bradley A. SmithR05/24/0004/30/05IV
David M. MasonR07/30/9804/30/03IV
Karl J. SandstromD07/30/9804/30/01IV
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
DateDate Days to
Nominee Party Position nominated confirmed confirm
Danny L. McDonald1DMember02/09/0005/24/00105
Bradley A. Smith2RMember02/09/0005/24/00105
Average number of days to confirm a nomination105


1For a term expiring 04/30/05, reappointment.
2For a term expiring 04/30/05, vice Lee Ann Elliott, resigned.

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC)
The FERC, an independent agency within the Department of Energy, consists of five members
(no more than three may be from the same political party) who serve five-year terms. When a term
expires, a member may continue to serve until a successor takes office, except that such commissioner
may not serve beyond the end of the session of the Congress in which such term expires. The
President designates the chair. (42 U.S.C. 7171)
Current Membership
DateTerm Grade
Incumbent Party confirmed expires level Comments
James J. HoeckerDRecess appointee1IIIChair
Curt Herbert, Jr.R07/30/9906/30/04IV
Linda K. BreathittD11/07/9706/30/02IV
William L. MasseyD06/26/9806/30/03IVReappointment
VacantIV
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
Date DateDays to
Nominee Party Position nominated confirmed confirm
Curt Hebert, Jr.2RMember07/01/9907/30/9929
James J.Hoecker3DMember11/09/99Returned 12/15/00
James J. HoeckerDMemberRecess appointment 12/18/00
Average number of days to confirm a nomination29


1Recess appointment expires at the end of the first session of the 107th Congress.
2Reappointment, for term expiring June 30, 2004.
3Reappointment, for term expiring June 30, 2005.

Federal Housing Finance Board
The FHFB consists of five members, of whom one)the Secretary of Housing and Urban
Development or his designee)is ex officio. The four appointed members serve seven-year terms, and
no more than three may be from the same political party. An appointed member whose term expires
may continue to serve until a successor is appointed. The President designates the chair from among
the appointed members. Members began serving on a full-time basis on January 1, 1994. (12 U.S.C.

1422a(1))


Current Membership
DateTerm Grade
Incumbent Party confirmed expires level Comments
Allan I. MendelowitzDRecess appointee1IIIChair
J. Timothy O’NeillR05/25/9502/27/97IV
Franz S. LeichterDRecess appointee1IV
VacantIV
William C. ApgarnaAsst. Secretary - HUDEx Officio
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
DateDate Days to
Nominee Party Position nominated confirmed confirm
Franz S. Leichter2DDirector06/08/99Returned 12/15/00
Franz S. LeichterDDirectorRecess appointment 08/03/00
Allan I. MendelowitzDDirector06/16/00Returned 12/15/00
Allan I. MendelowitzDDirectorRecess appointment 12/28/00
Douglas L. Miller3RDirector06/08/99Returned 12/15/00
Bruce A. Morrison4DDirector10/29/99Withdrawn 06/16/00
Timothy O’Neill5RDirector10/29/99Returned 12/15/00
Average number of days to confirm a nomination


1Recess appointment expires at the end of the first session of the 107th Congress.
2For a term expiring 02/27/06, vice Daniel F. Evans, Jr., term expired.
3For a term expiring 02/27/02, vice Lawrence U. Costiglio, term expired.
4For a term expiring 02/27/07, reappointment.
5For a term expiring 02/27/04, reappointment.

Federal Labor Relations Authority (FLRA)
The FLRA consists of three members (no more than two may be from the same political
party) who serve five-year terms. When a term expires, a member may continue to serve until the
end of the next Congress. The President designates the chair. The general counsel is also
appointed by the President, subject to the advice and consent of the Senate. (5 U.S.C. 7104)
Current Membership
Date TermGrade
IncumbentPartyconfirmed expireslevelComments
Donald S WassermanD12/22/9507/01/00IVChair
Carol W. PopeD10/26/0007/01/04V
Dale CabinissR11/09/9707/29/02V
Joseph Swerdzewskina10/21/9810/20/031VGeneral Counsel
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
DateDateDays to
Nominee Party Position nominated confirmed confirm
Bonnie P.Castrey2DMember07/13/00Returned 12/15/00
Carol W. Pope3DMember11/10/9910/26/00255
Average number of days to confirm a nomination255


1The general counsel is appointed for a five-year term of office, but may be removed at the
President’s pleasure.
2For a term expiring 07/01/05, vice Donald S. Wasserman, term expired.
3For a term expiring 07/01/04, vice Phyllis N. Segal, term expired.

Federal Maritime Commission (FMC)
The FMC consists of five members (no more than three may be from the same political
party) who serve five-year terms. When a term expires, a member may continue to serve until a
successor takes office. The President designates the chair. (46 U.S.C. 1111; Reorganization Plan
No. 7 of 1961)
Current Membership
DateTerm Grade
Incumbent Party confirmed expires level Comments
Harold J. Creel, Jr.D08/17/9406/30/99IIIChair
Joseph J. BrennanD11/10/9906/30/03IV
Delmond J. H. WonD09/08/0006/30/02IV Reappointed
Antony M. MerckR11/10/9906/30/01IV
John A. MoranR10/21/9806/30/00IV
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
DateDate Days to
Nominee Party Position nominated confirmed confirm
Joseph E. Brennan1DCommissioner03/22/9911/10/99201
Antony M. Merck2RCommissioner11/09/9911/10/991
Delmond J. H. Won3DCommissioner04/12/9909/08/00387
Average number of days to confirm a nomination196


1For a term expiring 06/30/03, vice William D. Hathaway, resigned.
2For a term expiring 06/30/01, vice Ming Hsu, term expired.
3For a term expiring 06/30/02, reappointment.

Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission
(FMSHRC)
The FMSHRC consists of five members (no political balance is required) who serve six-year
terms. When a term expires, the member must leave office. The President designates the chair.
(30 U.S.C. 823)
Current Membership
Date Term Grade
Incumbent Party confirmed expires level Comments
Mary Lu Jordanna03/20/9708/30/02IIIChair
Robert H. Beatty Jr.na03/04/9808/30/04IVReappointment
Theodore F. Verheggenna03/20/9708/30/02IV
James C. Riley naRecess appointee1IV
VacantIV
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
DateDate Days to
Incumbent Party Position nominated confirmed confirm
Marc L. Marks2naMember06/08/00Withdrawn 10/26/00
James C. Riley3naMember06/08/00Returned 12/15/00
James C. RileynamemberRecess appointment 08/31/00
Average number of days to confirm a nomination


1Recess appointment expires at the end of the first session of the 107th Congress.
2Reappointment, for term expiring on Aug. 30, 2006.
3Reappointment, for term expiring on Aug. 30, 2006.

Federal Reserve System (FRS), Board of Governors
The FRS consists of seven members (no political balance is required) who serve 14-year
terms. When a term expires, a member may continue to serve until a successor takes office. The
President appoints the chair and vice chair, who are separately appointed as members, for four-
year terms, with the advice and consent of the Senate. The chair and vice chair give up their
positions when the four-year terms expire. (12 U.S.C. 241)
Current Membership
DateTerm Grade
Incumbent Party confirmed expires level Comments
Alan Greenspanna02/27/9201/31/06IIChair1
Roger W. Ferguson, Jr.na09/29/9901/31/14IIIVice Chair1
Lawrence H. Meyerna06/20/9601/31/10III
Edward M. Gramlichna10/30/9701/31/08III
Edward W. Kelly, Jr.na04/04/9001/31/04III
Vacant na 01/31/12 III
Vacant na 01/31/10 III
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
Date DateDays to
Nominee Party Position nominated confirmed confirm
Roger W. Ferguson, Jr.2naMember09/13/9909/29/9916
Roger W. Ferguson, Jr.naVice Chair09/13/9909/29/99163
Alan GreenspannaChair01/24/0002/03/00103
Carol J. Parry4naMember08/05/99Returned 12/15/00
Average number of days to confirm a nomination16


1For a four-year term. Chairman’s term expires 02/02/04, vice chairman’s term expires

09/28/03.


2For a term expiring 01/31/14, reappointment.
3The number of days the Senate takes to confirm the chair or vice chair is not factored into
overall statistics regarding the number of days the Senate takes to confirm a member of the
agency.
4For a term expiring 01/31/12, vice Susan M. Phillips, resigned.

Federal Trade Commission (FTC)
The FTC consists of five members (no more than three may be from the same political party)
who serve seven-year terms. When a term expires, the member may continue to serve until a
successor takes office. The President designates the chair. (15 U.S.C. 41)
Current Membership
DateTermGrade
IncumbentPartyconfirmed expireslevelComments
Robert PitofskyD04/06/9509/25/01IIIChair
Thomas B. LearyR11/10/9909/26/05IV
Orson SwindleR03/12/9809/25/04IV
Mozelle W. ThompsonD03/12/9809/25/03IV
Sheila F. AnthonyD09/24/9709/25/02IV
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
Date DateDays to
Nominee Party Position nominated confirmed confirm
Thomas B. Leary1RMember07/27/9911/10/9974
Average number of days to confirm a nomination74


1For a term expiring 09/26/05, vice Mary L. Azcuenaga, resigned.

Foreign Claims Settlement Commission (FCSC)
The FCSC, located in the Department of Justice, consists of three members (political balance
is not required) who serve three-year terms. When a term expires, the member may continue to
serve until a successor takes office. Only the chair, who also is appointed by the President with
the advice and consent of the Senate, serves full-time. (22 U.S.C. 1622)
Current Membership
Date Term Grade
Incumbent Party confirmed expires level Comments
Vacant na 09/30/00 V Chair
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
DateDate Days to
Nominee Party Position nominated confirmed confirm
John R. Lacey1naChairman11/09/99Returned 12/15/00
Average number of days to confirm to confirm a nomination


1For term expiring 09/30/00, vice Delissa A. Ridgway, term expired.

Merit Systems Protection Board (MSPB)
The MSPB consists of three members (no more than two may be from the same political
party) who serve seven-year terms. When a term expires, the member may continue to serve for
one year. The President appoints the chair, subject to Senate confirmation, and designates the
vice chair. (5 U.S.C. 1201 - 1203)
Current Membership
DateTerm Grade
Incumbent Party confirmed expires level Comments
Beth S. SlavetD 08/11/9503/01/02IIIChair1
Barbara J. SapinDRecess appointee2IVVice Chair
Susanne T. MarshallR11/09/9703/01/04IV
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
DateDate Days to
Nominee Party Position nominated confirmed confirm
Barbara J. Sapin3DMember05/03/00Returned 12/15/00
Barbara J. SapinDMemberRecess Appointment 12/28/00
Beth S. SlavetDChair03/23/00Returned 12/15/00
Beth S. SlavetDChairRecess Appointment 12/22/00
Average number of days to confirm a nomination


1Recess appointment as chair expires at the end of the first session of the 107th Congress; term
as member expires 03/01/02.
2Recess appointment expires at the end of the first session of the 107th Congress.
3For a term expiring 03/01/07, vice Benjamin L. Erdreich, resigned.

National Credit Union Administration (NCUA),
Board of Directors
The NCUA board consists of three members (no more than two members may be from the same
political party) who serve six-year terms. When a term expires, a member may continue to serve until a
successor takes office. The President designates the chair and vice chair. (12 U.S.C. 1752a)
Current Membership
Date Term Grade
Incumbent Party confirmed expires level Comments
Geoff BacinoDRecess appointee1IIIChair
Dennis DollarR10/09/9704/10/03IV
Yolanda T. WheatD10/09/9708/02/01IV
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
Date DateDays to
Nominee Party Position nominated confirmed confirm
Geoff Bacino2DMember07/26/00Returned 12/15/00
Geoff BacinoDMemberRecess appointment 12/29/00
Average number of days to confirm a nomination


1Recess appointment expires at the end of the first session of the 107th Congress.
2For term expiring Aug. 2, 2005, vice Norman E. D’Amours, term expired.

National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)
The NLRB consists of five members who serve five-year terms. Political balance is not
required, but, by tradition, no more than three members are from the same political party. When a
term expires, the member must leave office. The President designates the chair. The President
also appoints the general counsel, subject to the advice and consent of the Senate. (29 U.S.C.

153)


Current Membership
Date TermGrade
IncumbentPartyconfirmed expireslevelComments
John C. TruesdaleD11/19/9908/27/03IIIChair
Wilma B. LiebmanD11/08/9712/16/02IV
Peter J. HurtgenR11/08/9708/27/01IV
Dennis P. WalshDRecess appointee1IV
VacantIV
VacantIVGen. Counsel
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
Date Date Days to
Nominee Party Position nominated confirmed confirm
Sarah M. FoxDMemberRecess appointment 12/17/992
Sarah M. Fox3DMember03/02/00Withdrawn 10/17/00
Leonard R.PagenaGeneral Counsel02/11/99Returned 12/15/00
Leonard R. Page4naGeneral CounselRecess appointment 11/22/992
John C. Truesdale5DMember02/11/9911/19/99249
Dennis P. Walsh6DMember10/17/00Returned 12/15/00
Dennis P. WalshDMemberRecess appointment 12/29/00
Average number of days to confirm a nomination249


1Recess appointment expires at the end of the first session of the 107th Congress.
2Recess appointment expired at the end of the second session of the 106th Congress.
3For a term expiring Dec. 16, 2004
4For an indefinite term, vice Frederick L. Feinstein who was a given recess appointment on
Oct. 22, 1998.
5For a term expiring Aug. 27, 2003, vice William B. Gould IV, resigned.
6For a term expiring Dec. 16, 2004, vice Sarah M. Fox, recess appointment expired.

National Mediation Board (NMB)
The board consists of three members (no more than two may be from the same political
party) who serve three-year terms. When a term expires, the member continues to serve until a
successor takes office. The board annually designates a chair. (45 U.S.C. 154)
Current Membership
DateTerm Grade
Incumbent Party confirmed expires level Comments
Ernest W. DubesterD11/10/9907/01/01IIIChair
Francis J. DugganR11/19/9907/01/03IV
Magdalena G. JacobsenD11/19/9907/01/02IVReappointed
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
DateDateDays to
Nominee Party Position nominated confirmed confirm
Ernest W. DuBester1DMember11/10/9911/19/999
Francis J. Duggan2RMember11/10/9911/19/999
Magdalena G. Jacobsen3DMember11/10/9911/19/999
Average number of days to confirm a nomination9


1For a term expiring 07/01/01, reappointment.
2For a term expiring 07/01/03, vice Kenneth B. Hipp, term expired.
3For a term expiring 07/01/02, reappointment.

National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB)
The board consists of five members (no more than three may be from the same political party) who
serve five-year terms. When a term expires, a member may continue to serve until a successor takes office.
The President appoints the chair from among the members for a two-year term, with the advice and consent
of the Senate, and designates the vice chair. (49 U.S.C. 1902)
Current Membership
DateTerm Grade
Incumbent Party confirmed expires level Comments
James E. HallD10/21/9712/31/02IIIChair
Carol J. CarmodyD05/24/0012/31/04IV
John J. GogliaI05/24/0012/31/03IVReappointed
George W. Black, Jr.R10/21/9712/31/01IVReappointed
John A. HammerschmidtR10/21/9712/31/00IVReappointed
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
Date DateDays to
Nominee Party Position nominated confirmed confirm
Carol J. Carmody1DMember11/08/9905/24/00142
John Goglia2IMember08/05/9905/24/00205
Average number of days to confirm a nomination174


1For a term expiring 07/31/04, vice Robert Talcott Francis II.
2For a term expiring 07/31/03, reappointment.

Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)
The NRC consists of five members (no more than three may be from the same political
party) who serve five-year terms. When a term expires, the member must leave office. The
President designates the chair. The President also appoints the inspector general, with the advice
and consent of the Senate. (42 U.S.C. 5841)
Current Membership
DateTerm Grade
Incumbent Party confirmed expires level Comments
Richard A. MeserveD10/01/9906/30/04IIChair
Edward McGaffiganD05/24/0006/30/05IIIReappointed
Greta J. DicusD10/21/9806/30/03IIIReappointed
Jeffrey S. MerrifieldR10/21/9806/30/02III
Nils J. DiazR08/02/9606/30/01III
Hubert T. Bell, Jr.na06/11/96IndefiniteIVInspector General
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
DateDate Days to
Nominee Party Position nominated confirmed confirm
Edward McGaffigan, Jr.1DMember02/03/0005/24/00111
Richard A. Meserve2DMember08/05/9910/01/9925
Average number of days to confirm a nomination68


1For a term expiring 06/30/05, reappointment.
2For a term expiring 06/30/04, vice Shirley A. Jackson, term expired.

Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission
(OSHRC)
The OSHRC consists of three members (political balance is not required) who serve six-year
terms. When a term expires, the member must leave office. The President designates the chair.
(29 U.S.C. 661)
Current Membership
DateTermGrade
IncumbentPartyconfirmed expireslevelComments
Thomasina V. Rogersna10/21/9804/27/03IIIChair
Vacant na 04/27/05 IV
Vacant na 04/27/01 IV
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
Date DateDays to
NomineePartyPositionnominated confirmedconfirm
Sarah M. FoxnaMember12/15/00Returned 12/15/00
Gary L. Visscher1naMember03/23/9905/20/9958
Stuart E. Weisberg2naMember05/11/99Withdrawn 12/15/00
Stuart E. WeisbergnaMemberRecess appointment 12/09/993
Average number of days to confirm a nomination58


1For a term expiring 04/27/01, vice Daniel Guttman, resigned.
2For a term expiring 04/27/05, reappointment.
3Recess appointment expired at the end of the second session of the 106th Congress.

Postal Rate Commission (PRC)
The PRC consists of five members (no more than three may be from the same political party)
who serve six-year terms. When a term expires, the member may continue to serve for one year.
The President designates the chair. The commissioners designate the vice chair. (39 U.S.C.

3601)


Current Membership
DateTerm Grade
Incumbent Party confirmed expires level Comments
Edward J. GleimanD10/21/9810/14/04IIIChair
George A. OmasR10/26/0010/14/06IVVice Chair
Dana B. Covington, Sr.R10/21/9810/14/04IV
Ruth Y. GoldwayD04/02/9811/22/02IV
William H. LeBlanc IIID08/11//9511/22/00IV
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
DateDate Days to
Nominee Party Position nominated confirmed confirm
George A. Omas1RMember07/21/0010/26/0057
Average number of days to confirm a nomination57


1For term expiring 10/14/06, reappointment.

Railroad Retirement Board (RRB)
The board consists of three members (political balance is not required) who serve five-year
terms. When a term expires, the member may continue to serve until a successor takes office.
The President appoints the chair, and an inspector general, with the advice and consent of the
Senate. (45 U.S.C. 231f)
Current Membership
DateTerm Grade
Incumbent Party confirmed expires level Comments
Cherryl T. Thomasna04/27/9808/28/02IIIChair
Virgil M. Speakman, Jr.na05/24/0008/28/04IVReappointed
Jerome F. Keverna05/24/0008/28/03IVReappointed
Martin J. Dickmanna10/08/94IndefiniteIVInspector General1
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
DateDateDays to
Nominee Party Position nominated confirmed confirm
Jerome F. Kever2naMember11/16/9905/24/00134
Virgil M. Speakman, Jr.3NaMember11/16/9905/24/00134
Average number of days to confirm a nomination134


1The President may remove the incumbent at any time, provided notice of the reasons for the
removal is sent to Congress.
2For term expiring 08/28/03, reappointment.
3For term expiring 08/28/04, reappointment.

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
The commission consists of five members (no more than three may be from the same
political party) who serve five-year terms. When a term expires, the member may continue to
serve until the end of the next session of Congress. The President designates the chair. (15
U.S.C. 78d)
Current Membership
DateTerm Grade
Incumbent Party confirmed expires level Comments
Arthur LevittD04/03/9806/05/03IIIChair
Paul R. CareyD10/21/9706/05/02IV
Laura S. UngerR10/21/9706/05/01IV
Issac C. Hunt, Jr.D01/26/9606/05/00IV
Vacant
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
DateDate Days to
Nominee Party Position nominated confirmed confirm
Issac C. Hunt, Jr.1DMember10/26/00Returned 12/15/00
Average number of days to confirm a nomination


1Reappointment, for term expiring June 5, 2005.

Surface Transportation Board (STB)
The STB, located within the Department of Transportation, consists of three members (no
more than two may be from the same political party) who serve five-year terms. When a term
expires, the member may continue to serve until a successor takes office, but not for more than
one year after expiration. The President designates the chair. (49 U.S.C. 701)
Current Membership
Date TermGrade
IncumbentPartyconfirmed expireslevelComments
Linda J. MorganD11/10/9912/31/03IIIChair
Wayne BurkesR02/22/9912/31/02IV
William Clyburn, Jr.D02/12/9912/31/00IV
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
Date Date Days to
Nominee Party Position nominated confirmed confirm
Wayne Burkes1RMember01/06/9902/22/9947
William Clyburn, Jr.2DMember01/06/9902/12/9937
Linda J. Morgan3DMember08/05/9911/10/9965
Average number of days to confirm a nomination50


1For a term expiring 12/31/02, vice Gus A. Owens.
2For a term expiring 12/31/00, vice J. J. Simons, term expired.
3For a term expiring 12/31/03, reappointment.

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
The TVA consists of three members (political balance is not required) who serve nine-year
terms. When a term expires, the member must leave office. The President designates the chair. (16
U.S.C. 831a)
Current Membership
Date Term Grade
Incumbent Party confirmed expires level Comments
Craven H. Crowell, Jr.na07/01/9305/18/02IIIChair
Skila Harrisna11/10/9905/18/08IV
Glenn L. McCullough, Jr.na11/10/9905/18/05IV
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
DateDate Days to
Nominee Party Position nominated confirmed confirm
Skila Harris1naMember09/23/99Withdrawn 09/29/99
Skila Harris1naMember09/29/9911/10/9942
Glenn L. McCullough, Jr.2naMember09/23/99Withdrawn 09/29/99
Glenn L. McCullough, Jr. 2.naMember09/29/9911/10/9942
Average number of days to confirm a nomination42


1First nomination for a term expiring 05/18/05, vice Johnny H. Hayes, withdrawn on 09/29/99
is not included tables 2 and 3; second nomination for a term expiring 05/18/08, vice William
H. Kennoy.
2First nomination for a term expiring 05/18/08, vice William H. Kennoy withdrawn on

09/29/99 is not included in tables 2 and 3; second nomination for a term expiring 05/18/05,


vice Johnny H. Hayes.

United States International Trade Commission (USITC)
The USITC consists of six members (no more than three may be from the same political party)
who serve nine-year terms. When a term expires, a member may continue to serve until a successor
takes office. The President designates the chair and vice chair for two-year terms of office, but they
may neither belong to the same political party nor be the two most recently appointed members of
the commission. A new chair may not belong to the same political party as the chair being replaced,
unless the replacement is to complete an unexpired term. (19 U.S.C. 1330)
Current Membership
Date TermGrade
Incumbent Party confirmed expires level Comments
Lynn M. BraggR03/25/9406/16/02III Chair
Marcia E. MillerD06/26/9612/16/03IVVice Chair
Deanna T. OkunR11/19/9906/16/08IV
Jennifer A. HillmanD07/30/9812/16/06IV
Stephen KoplanD07/30/9806/16/05IV
Thelma J. AskeyR07/30/9812/16/00IV
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
DateDateDays to
NomineePartyPositionnominated confirmedconfirm
Deanna T. Okun1RMember11/10/9911/19/999
Average number of days to confirm a nomination9


1For a term expiring 06/16/08, vice Carol T. Crawford, term expired.

United States Parole Commission (USPC)
The USPC is an independent agency in the Department of Justice. The enabling statute calls for
five commissioners (political balance is not required), and when a term expires, a member may
continue to serve until a successor takes office. The President designates the chair. The commission
is to be phased out by November 1, 2002. The Attorney General is required to file a yearly report
indicating whether the commission should be abolished before the phase-out date. (P.L. 104-232,
as amended by P.L. 105-33, Title XI, sec. 11231(d), 111 Stat. 745, 18 U.S.C. 4202)
Current Membership
DateTerm Grade
Incumbent Party confirmed expires level Comments
Michael J. Gainesna09/28/9412/30/99IVChair
John R. Simpsonna04/10/9208/12/92V
Edward F. Reilly, Jr.na08/12/9208/14/98V
Timothy E. Jones, Sr.naRecess appointee1V
VacantnaV
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
Date DateDays to
Nominee Party Position nominated confirmed confirm
Michael J. GainesnaCommissioner07/19/99Returned 12/15/00
Janie L. Jeffers2naCommissioner11/16/99Returned 12/15/00
Janie L. JeffersnaCommissionerRecess appointment 12/09/993
Timothy E. Jones, Jr.4naCommissioner07/19/99Withdrawn 11/19/99
Timothy E. Jones, Jr.4naCommissioner11/19/99Returned 12/15/00
Timothy E. Jones, Jr.naCommissionerRecess appointment 12/29/00
Marie F. Ragghianti5naCommissioner07/19/99Withdrawn 11/19/99
Marie F. Ragghianti5naCommissioner11/19/99Returned 12/15/00
Marie F. RagghiantinaCommisionerRecess appointment 12/09/993
Edward F. Reilly, Jr.naCommissioner10/02/00Returned 12/15/00
John R. SimpsonnaCommissioner07/19/99WWithdrawn 07/26/00
Average number of days to confirm a nomination


1Recess appointment expires at the end of the first session of the 107th Congress.
2For a six-year term, vice Jasper R. Clay, Jr., term expired.
3Recess appointment expired at the end of the second session of the 106th Congress.
4First nomination was for a six-year term, vice George M. Rast, resigned; second nomination
is for a six-year term, vice Edward F. Reilly, term expired.
5First nomination was for a six-year term, vice Edward F. Reilly, term expired; second
nomination is for a six-year term, vice George M. Rast, resigned..

United States Sentencing Commission (USSC)
The USSC consists of seven members, all federal judges, appointed to six-year terms, but only
the chair and three vice chairs serve full-time. The chair is appointed, subject to Senate confirmation;
the vice chairs are designated by the President. No more than four members may be of the same
political party, and no more than two of the vice chairs may be of the same political party. When a
term expires, an incumbent may continue to serve until a successor takes office. The Attorney
General or a designee serves ex oficio. (28 U.S.C. 991(a))
Current Membership
DateTerm Grade
Incumbent Party confirmed expires level Comments
Diana E. Murphyna11/10/9911/10/05naChair
Ruben Castillona11/10/9910/31/03naVice Chair
William Sessionsna11/10/9910/31/03naVice Chair
John R. Steerna11/10/9910/31/05naVice Chair
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
Date DateDays to
Nominee Party Position nominated confirmed confirm
Diana E. Murphy1naChair08/05/9911/10/9965
Ruben Castillo2naVice chair08/05/9911/10/9965
John R. Steer3naVice chair09/14/9911/10/9957
Average number of days to confirm a nomination62


1For a term expiring 10/31/05, reappointment.
2For a term expiring 10/31/03, vice Michael Gelacak, term expired.
3For a term expiring 10/31/05, reappointment.

List of Agency Abbreviations
CSHIBChemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board
CFTCCommodity Futures Trading Commission
CPSCConsumer Product Safety Commission
DNFSBDefense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board
EEOCEqual Employment Opportunity Commission
EXIMBANKExport-Import Bank
FCAFarm Credit Administration
FCCFederal Communications Commission
FDICFederal Deposit Insurance Corporation, Board of Directors
FECFederal Election Commission
FERCFederal Energy Regulatory Commission
FHFBFederal Housing Finance Board
FLRAFederal Labor Relations Authority
FMCFederal Maritime Commission
FMSHRCFederal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission
FRSFederal Reserve System, Board of Governors
FTCFederal Trade Commission
FCSCForeign Claims Settlement Commission
ICC1Interstate Commerce Commission
MSPBMerit Systems Protection Board
NCUANational Credit Union Administration, Board of Directors
NLRBNational Labor Relations Board
NMBNational Mediation Board
NTSBNational Transportation Safety Board
NRCNuclear Regulatory Commission
OSHRCOccupational Safety and Health Review Commission
PRCPostal Rate Commission
RRBRailroad Retirement Board
SECSecurities and Exchange Commission1
STBSurface Transportation Board
TVATennessee Valley Authority
USITCUnited States International Trade Commission
USPCUnited States Parole Commission
USSCUnited States Sentencing Commission
1
The Interstate Commerce Commission was abolished and replaced by the Surface Transportation Board,
effective January 1, 1996 (P.L. 104-88; 109 Stat. 803, 932-933).