PRESIDENTIAL APPOINTMENTS TO FULL-TIME POSITIONS IN EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS DURING THE 106TH CONGRESS, 1999-2000

CRS Report for Congress
Presidential Appointments to Full-Time Positions
th
in Executive Departments During the 106
Congress, 1999-2000
Updated March 26, 2001
Rogelio Garcia
Specialist in American National Government
Government and Finance Division


Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress

Presidential Appointments to Full-Time Positions in
Executive Departments During the 106th Congress,
1999-2000
Summary
This report focuses on presidential nominations and Senate confirmations to the
330 full-time positions in the 14 executive departments to which the President makes
appointments, with the advice and consent of the Senate.
During the 106th Congress, President Clinton submitted 136 nominations and
made 18 recess appointments to full-time positions requiring Senate confirmation.
The Senate confirmed 108 nominations and returned 24; the President withdrew four
nominations. On average, the Senate took 105 days (three and a half months) to
confirm a nomination. Sixty-eight nominations (63%) took less than 105 days to be
confirmed, and 40 (37%) took more than 105 days. The length of time for individual
nominations to be confirmed varied considerably–33 nominations took less than two
months, and 13 nominations took over six months, with the three longest taking over

10 months (two nominations) and one over 14 months.


Nominations to eight departments on average were confirmed in less than the
105-day average, including the Department of Defense 52 days, Department of
Energy 81 days, Department of Housing and Urban Development 81 days,
Department of State 97 days, Department of Agriculture 98 days, Department of the
Interior 99 days, Department of the Treasury 100 days, and Department of
Transportation 104 days. Nominations to five departments on average were
confirmed above the 105 day average, including the Department of Commerce 112
days, Department of Education 114 days, Department of Veterans Affairs 121 days,
Department of Labor 169 days, and Department of Justice 178 days.
Excluded from the report are appointments to positions in the military services
officer corps (including the Coast Guard), the Foreign Service and overseas
commercial and diplomatic posts, and the two uniformed civilian services (Public
Health Service and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Corps); and
positions as U.S. Attorneys and U.S. Marshals. Information provided in this report
was compiled from the LEGIS nominations database in the Senate Computer Center,
the Congressional Record (daily edition), the Weekly Compilation of Presidential
Documents, and telephone discussions with department officials.



Contents
Introduction ................................................ 1
The Appointment Process.....................................3
Recess Appointments.........................................4
Temporary Appointments.....................................4th
Nominations and Appointments During 106 Congress...............5
Nominations and Appointments to Individual Departments............12
Department of Agriculture (UDSA).............................13
Department of Commerce (DOC)..............................14
Department of Defense (DOD).............................16
Department of Education (EDUC)..............................19
Department of Energy (DOE).................................20
Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)..................21
Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD).............22
Department of the Interior (DOI)...............................23
Department of Justice (DOJ)..................................24
Department of Labor (DOL)..................................26
Department of State (DOS)...................................27
Department of Transportation (DOT)...........................29
Department of the Treasury (TREA)............................30
Department of Veterans Affairs (DVA)..........................32
List of Tables
Table 1. Nomination and Appointment Action
in the 106th Congress.........................................2
Table 2. Average Number of Days to Confirm a Nomination...............2
Table 3. Alphabetical Listing of Nominees and Appointees
During 106th Congress........................................6
Table 4. Nomination and Appointment Action,
Executive Departments, 106th Congress..........................12
Table 5. Abbreviations of Departments..............................33



Presidential Appointments to Full-Time
Positions in Executive Departments During
th
the 106 Congress, 1999-2000
Introduction
This report lists the 330 full-time positions requiring Senate confirmation in the

14 executive departments and the names of the incumbents in the positions. (All full-


time positions are included, except U.S. Attorney and U.S. Marshal positions in the
Department of Justice; Foreign Service and diplomatic positions in the Department
of State; officer corps positions in the civilian uniformed services of the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in the Department of Commerce, and of the
Public Health Service in the Department of Health and Human Services; and the
officer corps in the military services.) The report also lists all nominations submitted
by the President to the Senate for confirmation, and the action taken on theth
nominations during the 106 Congress.
Data for the report were compiled from the LEGIS nominations database in the
Senate Computer Center, the Congressional Record (daily edition), the Weekly
Compilation of Presidential Documents, and telephone discussions with agency
officials. A similar report is available for the 105th Congress.1
During the 106th Congress, President Clinton submitted 136 nominations2 and
made 18 recess appointments to full-time positions requiring Senate confirmation.
The Senate confirmed 108 (79%) of the nominations and returned 24 (18%). The
President withdrew four nominations (3%).


1U.S. Library of Congress, Congressional Research Service, Presidential Appointments to
Full-Time Positions in Executive Departments During the 105th Congress, by Rogelio
Garcia, CRS Report 98-357 GOV (Washington: Mar. 15, 1999).
2 To avoid double counting, only one nomination is counted as being submitted when (1) a
nomination is withdrawn by the White House to make a minor change and is then immediately
resubmitted to the Senate; and (2) a nomination is submitted to the Senate, the nominee is
given a recess appointment while the nomination is pending, and a second nomination is
submitted notifying the Senate that the nominee has been given a recess appointment.
Consequently, total figures regarding nominations in this report will not be the same as those
found in the monthly “Resume of Congressional Activity” in the Congressional Record, nor
in the nominations returned and withdrawn section of the Journal of the Executive
Proceedings of the Senate.

Table 1. Nomination and Appointment Action
in the 106th Congress
Nominations submitted to the Senate136
Nominations confirmed by the Senate108
Nominations withdrawn by the President4
Nominations returned to the President24
Recess appointments made by the President18
On average, the Senate took 105 days or three and a half months to confirm a
nomination. Overall, 68 nominations (63%) were confirmed before 105 days, and 40
(37%) were confirmed after 105 days. The length of time for confirmation of
individual nominations varied considerably. While 33 nominations took less than two
months to confirm, 13 took over six months, with the three longest taking over 10
months (two nominations) and one over 14 months.
Nominations to eight departments on average were confirmed below the 105-
day average, including the Department of Defense 52 days, Department of Energy 81
days, Department of Housing and Urban Development 81 days, Department of State

97 days, Department of Agriculture 98 days, Department of the Interior 99 days,


Department of the Treasury 100 days, and Department of Transportation 104 days.
Nominations to five departments on average were confirmed above the 105 day
average, including the Department of Commerce 112 days, Department of Education

114 days, Department of Veterans Affairs 121 days, Department of Labor 169 days,


and Department of Justice 178 days.
Table 2. Average Number of Days to Confirm a Nomination
Confirmed nominations
Average
number
DepartmentNumber of days
Department of Defense1452
Department of Energy 1081
Department of Housing and Urban281
Development
Department of State2097
Department of Agriculture398
Department of the Interior599
Department of the Treasury16100
Department of Transportation3104
Department of Commerce12112
Department of Education3114
Department of Veterans Affairs3121
Department of Labor8169
Department of Justice9178
Department of Health and Human Services0na



The Appointment Process
The President and the Senate share the power to appoint the principal officers
of the United States.3 The Constitution (Article II, Section 2) empowers the
President to nominate and, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, appoint
the principal officers of the United States. Three distinct stages mark the appointment
process–nomination, confirmation, and appointment.
In the nomination or first stage, the President selects the nominee and sends the
nomination to the Senate. For positions located within a state (U.S. Attorney, U.S.
Marshal, and U.S. District Judge), the President, by custom, normally nominates an
individual recommended by the Senator or Senators from that state if they are from
the same party as the President. If neither Senator is from the same party, the
President normally defers to the recommendations of party leaders from the state.
Occasionally, the President solicits recommendations from Senators of the opposition
party when they hold key Senate positions. Before making a nomination, whether at
the state or national level, the President must consider how it will fare in the
confirmation process.
A nomination to a position does not give the nominee legal authority to assume
the duties and responsibilities of the position. That authority comes only after the
nominee is confirmed and appointed. While awaiting confirmation, a nominee often
is hired as a consultant and may act only in an advisory capacity. A nominee serving
in an “acting” capacity (see below), however, has full authority to exercise the duties
and responsibilities of the position.
In the confirmation or second stage, the Senate alone determines whether to
approve or disapprove a nomination. How the Senate acts on a nomination depends
largely on the importance of the position involved, existing political circumstances,
and policy implications. Generally, the Senate shows particular interest in the4
nominees’ views and how they are likely to affect public policy. How closely their
personal and professional qualities are examined will also depend on whether or not
the President’s party controls the Senate and how involved he becomes in supporting
the nomination.
Although the Senate confirms most nominations, no President can safely assume
that all of his nominees will be approved routinely. Rarely, however, does a rejection
occur on the Senate floor. Nearly all rejections occur in committee, by either
committee vote or committee inaction. Rejections in committee occur for a variety
of reasons, including: opposition to the nomination; an inadequate amount of time for
consideration of the nomination; or factors that may have nothing to do with the


3A succinct historical and contemporary overview of the appointment power is found in Louis
Fisher, “Appointment Powers,” in his Constitutional Conflicts between Congress and theth
President, 4 ed. (Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas Press, 1997), pp. 22-48.
4G. Calvin Mackenzie, The Politics of Presidential Appointments (New York: The Free
Press, 1981), pp. 97-189.

merits of the nomination. Between 1981 and 1992, the Senate confirmed 90% of all
nominations to full-time positions in the executive departments.5
The first two stages of the appointment process may be summarized by the view
that, while the President proposes, the Senate disposes. In the third or final stage, the
confirmed nominee is given a commission signed by the President, with the seal of the
United States affixed thereto, and is sworn into office. At that point, he or she has
full authority to carry out the responsibilities of the office.
Recess Appointments
The process also enables the President to make an appointment without the need
for it to be confirmed by the Senate when that body is in recess, either during a
session (intrasession recess appointment) or between sessions (intersession recess
appointment). Recess appointments expire at the end of the next session of
Congress. 6
Presidents have occasionally used the recess appointment power to circumvent
the confirmation process. In response, Congress has placed additional restrictions on
the President’s authority to make a recess appointment. Under 5 U.S.C. 5503(a), if
the position to which the President makes a recess appointment fell vacant while the
Senate was in session, the appointee may not be paid from the Treasury until he or she
is confirmed by the Senate. The salary prohibition does not apply: (1) if the vacancy
arose within 30 days before the end of the session; (2) if a nomination for the office
(other than the nomination of someone given a recess appointment during the
preceding recess) was pending when the Senate recessed; or (3) if a nomination was
rejected within 30 days before the end of the session and another individual was given
the recess appointment. A recess appointee falling under any one of these three
exceptions must be nominated not later than 40 days after the beginning of the next
session of the Senate.7 For this reason, when a recess appointment is made, the
President generally submits a new nomination for the nominee even when an old
nomination is pending.
Temporary Appointments
Congress has also provided limited statutory authority for the temporary filling
of vacant positions requiring Senate confirmation. Under the Federal Vacancies
Reform Act of 1998, P.L. 105-277, Division C, Title I, section 151, to be codified at

5 U.S.C. 3354-3359d, an advice and consent position in an executive agency that


5U.S. Library of Congress, Congressional Research Service, Senate Action on Nominations
to Policy Positions in the Executive Branch, 1981-1992, by Rogelio Garcia, CRS Report 93-

464 GOV (Washington: Apr. 28, 1993).


6Art. II, Sec. 2, Cl. 3 of the Constitution.
7For additional information on recess appointments, see U.S. Library of Congress,
Congressional Research Service, Recess Appointments: Legal Overview, by Richard C.
Ehlke, CRS Report 87-832 A (Washington: Oct. 19, 1987).

becomes vacant may be filled temporarily in one of three ways: (1) the first assistant
to such a position automatically assumes the functions and duties of the office; or (2)
the President directs an officer in any agency who is occupying a position requiring
Senate confirmation to perform those tasks; or (3) the President selects any officer or
employee of the subject agency who is occupying a position whose rate of pay is
equal to or greater than the minimum rate of pay at the GS-15 level and who has been
with the agency for at least 90 of the preceding 365 days. The temporary
appointment is for 210 days, but the time restriction is suspended if a first or second
nomination for the position is pending. In addition, during a presidential transition,
the 210-day restriction period does not begin to run until either 90 days after the
President assumes office, or 90 days after the vacancy occurs, if it is within the 90-day
inauguration period. The act does not apply to positions on multi-headed regulatory
boards and commissions and to certain other specific positions which may be filled
temporarily under other statutory provisions.
Nominations and Appointments During 106th Congress
Table 3, below, lists, in alphabetical order, all nominees/appointees to positions
in executive departments, with dates of nomination and confirmation. The
“Confirmed” column notes whether the nomination was confirmed, withdrawn,
returned, or rejected. The “Days to confirm” column indicates the number of days the
Senate took to confirm the nominee from the time the nomination was received in the
Senate. On average, the Senate took 105 days (three and a half months) to confirm
a nomination after receiving it. The 32 days the Senate was recessed (August 8
through September 9, 1999) during the first session, 40 days it was recessed (July 27
through September 5, 2000) during the second session, and 56 days it was adjourned
between the end of the first session and the beginning of the second session
(November 29, 1999, through January 24, 2000), were excluded when calculating the
number of days the Senate took to confirm the nominations that were pending during
those periods.



Table 3. Alphabetical Listing of Nominees and Appointees During 106th Congress
Days tob
Nominee/Appointee Position Departmenta Nominated Confirmed confirm
Sylvia V. BacaAssistant SecretaryDOI08/05/9902/29/00120
William B. BaderAssistant SecretaryDOS09/13/9911/10/9958
Gregory A. BaerAssistant SecretaryTREA09/22/9911/10/9949
Sue BaileyAdministratorDOT07/26/00Returned 12/15/00
Sue BaileyAdministratorDOTRecess Appointment 08/03/00
Monte R. BelgerDeputy AdministratorDOT11/10/99Returned 12/15/00
Linda J. BilmesCFO/Assistant SecretaryDOC10/20/9911/19/9930
Charles A. BlanchardGeneral Counsel (Army)DOD06/30/9908/05/9936
Avis T. BohlenAssistant SecretaryDOS10/01/9911/10/9940
Richard A. BoucherAssistant SecretaryDOS06/13/0012/15/00145
Kenneth M. BresnahanChief Financial OfficerDOL01/06/9911/10/99276
Arthur C. CampbellAssistant SecretaryDOC03/22/0012/15/00228
Arthur C. CampbellAssistant SecretaryDOCRecess appointment 08/03/00
Kelly H. CarnesAssistant SecretaryDOC03/05/9911/10/99218
Anne H. ChasserAssistant CommissionerDOC07/27/9911/10/9974
Michael CohenAssistant SecretaryEDUC07/01/9911/10/99100
Madelyn R. CreedonDeputy AdministratorDOE03/09/0007/10/00123
Troy H. CribbAssistant SecretaryDOC07/27/0010/24/0049
James B. CunninghamU.S. Deputy RepresentativeDOS07/01/9911/10/99100
Gregory R. DahlbergUnder Secretary (Army)DOD03/20/0005/18/0059
Lawrence J. DelaneyAssistant Secretary (AirDOD03/02/9904/29/9958
Force)
Rudy deLeonDeputy SecretaryDOD03/07/0003/29/0022
Earl E. DevaneyInspector GeneralDOI07/22/9908/05/9914
Carol DiBattisteUnder Secretary (Air Force)DOD06/30/9908/05/9936
Q. Todd DickinsonCommissionerDOC07/01/9911/10/99100
James F. DobbinsAssistant SecretaryDOS09/26/00Returned 12/15/00
James F. DobbinsAssistant SecretaryDOSRecess appointment 12/29/00
James A. DorskindGeneral CounselDOC10/25/00Returned 12/15/00
James A. DorskindGeneral CounselDOCRecess appointment 12/21/00



Days tob
Nominee/Appointee Position Departmenta Nominated Confirmed confirm
Mildred S. DresselhausDirectorDOE05/23/0007/26/0064
Douglas A. DworkinGeneral CounselDOD03/07/0006/09/0094
William A. EatonAssistant SecretaryDOS03/20/00Returned 12/15/00
Robert J. EinhornAssistant SecretaryDOS04/13/9911/10/99179
Stuart E. EizenstatDeputy SecretaryTREA06/17/9907/13/9926
Armando Falcon, Jr.DirectorHUD06/07/9909/29/9982
Nuria I. FernandezAdministratorDOT03/22/00Returned 12/15/00
Paul W. FiddickAssistant SecretaryUSDA06/24/9911/10/99107
Glenn A. FineInspector GeneralDOJ05/15/0012/15/00174
Andrew C. FishAssistant SecretaryUSDA07/19/9910/07/9948
Michael J. FrazierAssistant SecretaryDOT08/03/9911/10/9967
Johnnie E. FrazierInspector GeneralDOC06/23/9907/15/9922
A. Lee FritschlerAssistant SecretaryEDUC06/21/9911/10/99110
Thomas A. Fry, IIIDirectorDOI10/27/9905/24/00154
Thomas L. GarthwaiteUnder SecretaryDVA05/15/0009/08/0076
Irasema GarzaDirectorDOL06/23/9911/19/99117
Robert W. GeeAssistant SecretaryDOE01/29/9904/19/9980
Timothy F. GeithnerUnder SecretaryTREA01/06/9904/21/99105
Gary GenslerUnder SecretaryTREA01/06/9904/21/99105
T. J. GlauthierDeputy SecretaryDOE01/06/9903/17/9970
Nicholas P. Godici, IIAssistant CommissionerDOC01/31/00Withdrawn 05/23/00
David L. GoldwynAssistant SecretaryDOE04/12/9907/13/9992
John A. GordonUnder SecretaryDOE05/03/0006/14/0042
Rose E. GottemoellerAssistant SecretaryDOE02/25/9903/25/9928
Marc GrossmanDirector GeneralDOS03/20/0006/09/0081
John T. HansonAssistant SecretaryDVA04/12/9907/01/9980
John D. Hawke, Jr.Comptroller of the CurrencyTREA01/06/9910/07/99242
David J. HayesDeputy SecretaryDOI08/03/9902/22/00115
Donald S. HaysU.S. RepresentativeDOS10/06/9911/10/9935
Gordon S. HeddellInspector GeneralDOL03/23/0012/15/00227



Days tob
Nominee/Appointee Position Departmenta Nominated Confirmed confirm
Richard HolbrookeU.S. RepresentativeDOS02/10/9908/05/99176
Frank S. Holleman, IIIDeputy SecretaryEDUC11/10/99Returned 12/15/00
Frank S. Holleman, IIIDeputy SecretaryEDUCRecess appointment 12/28/99
Elwood Holstein, Jr.Assistant SecretaryDOC09/14/00Returned 12/15/00
Elwood Holstein, Jr.Assistant SecretaryDOCRecess appointment 12/21/00
John D. HolumUnder SecretaryDOS03/05/99Returned 12/15/00
John D. HolumUnder SecretaryDOSRecess appointment 08/04/00
Carolyn L. HuntoonAssistant SecretaryDOE01/06/9907/01/99176
Ivan ItkinDirectorDOE08/03/9911/19/9976
Albert S. JacquezAdministratorDOT01/06/9907/01/99176
Jay JohnsonDirectorTREA09/08/9905/24/00203
Paula M. JunghansAssistant Attorney GeneralDOJ 07/27/00Returned 12/15/00
Roger W. KallockDeputy Under SecretaryDOD05/17/0009/08/0074
T. Michael KerrAdministratorDOL06/23/9911/19/99117
Kenneth W. KizerUnder SecretaryDVA01/06/99Withdrawn 07/14/99
Leslie B. KramerichAssistant SecretaryDOL07/10/0012/15/00118
Alan P. LarsonUnder SecretaryDOS10/08/9911/19/9942
Robert S. LaRussaUnder SecretaryDOC05/25/0012/15/00164
Robert S. LaRussaUnder SecretaryDOCRecess appointment 08/04/00
Luis J. LauredoU.S. Representative - OASDOS11/10/9912/15/00305
Luis J. LauredoU.S. Representative - OASDOSRecess appointment 12/22/99
Mary Lou LearyAssistant Attorney GeneralDOJ09/22/00Returned 12/15/00
Bill Lann LeeAssistant Attorney GeneralDOJ03/05/99Returned 12/15/00
Bill Lann LeeAssistant Attorney GeneralDOJRecess appointment 08/03/00
James B. LewisDirectorDOE05/20/9907/13/9954
Lorraine P. LewisInspector GeneralEDUC01/14/9905/26/99132
Evelyn S. LiebermanUnder SecretaryDOS06/24/9907/30/9936
Donald A. MahleySpecial NegotiatorDOS03/07/0005/24/0078
Alphonso Maldon, Jr.Assistant SecretaryDOD10/04/9911/05/9932
Donald MancusoInspector GeneralDOD06/28/00Returned 12/15/00



Days tob
Nominee/Appointee Position Departmenta Nominated Confirmed confirm
Daniel MarcusAssociate Attorney GeneralDOJ02/28/0012/15/00251
Hans MarkAssistant SecretaryDOD10/19/00Returned 12/15/00
Donnie R. MarshallAdministratorDOJ02/22/0005/24/0092
John W. MarshallDirectorDOJ08/05/9911/10/9965
Mark J. MazurAdministratorDOE10/17/00Returned 12/15/00
Richard M. McGaheyAssistant SecretaryDOL03/02/9911/10/99221
Christopher A. McLeanAdministratorUSDA02/09/0006/27/00139
Edward F. MeagherAssistant SecretaryDVA09/19/00Returned 12/15/00
Julio F. MercadoDeputy AdministratorDOJ03/23/0006/29/0098
Norman Y. MinetaSecretaryDOC07/17/0007/20/003
Arthur L. MoneyAssistant SecretaryDOD05/13/9909/30/99108
Edward B. MontgomeryAssistant SecretaryDOL05/05/9911/10/99157
Edward B. MontgomeryDeputy SecretaryDOL01/24/0005/24/00121
Randolph D. MossAssistant Attorney GeneralDOJ11/09/9912/15/00306
Randolph D. MossAssistant Attorney GeneralDOJRecess appointment 08/03/00
Beth NolanAssistant Attorney GeneralDOJ03/05/99Withdrawn 11/09/99
David W. OgdenAssistant Attorney GeneralDOJ06/10/9912/15/00426
David W. OgdenAssistant Attorney GeneralDOJRecess appointment 08/03/00
F. Whitten PetersSecretary (Air Force)DOD06/17/9907/30/9943
Robert B. Pirie, Jr.Under Secretary (Navy)DOD09/07/0010/12/0035
Robert RabenAssistant Attorney GeneralDOJ05/03/9910/07/99125
Gregory RohdeAssistant SecretaryDOC08/03/9911/10/9967
Peter F. RomeroAssistant SecretaryDOS01/06/99Returned 12/15/00
Peter F. RomeroAssistant SecretaryDOSRecess appointment 12/29/00
Lisa G. RossAssistant Secretary/CFOTREA06/06/0012/15/00152
Bernard D. RostkerUnder SecretaryDOD03/20/0005/18/0059
J. Stapleton RoyAssistant SecretaryDOS10/01/9911/10/9940
Jeffrey Rush, Jr.Inspector GeneralTREA07/01/9907/22/9921
Lewis A. SachsAssistant SecretaryTREA05/20/9907/13/9954
Julie E. SamuelsDirectorDOJ12/15/00Returned 12/15/00



Days tob
Nominee/Appointee Position Departmenta Nominated Confirmed confirm
Julie E. SamuelsDirectorDOJRecess appointment 12/20/00
Francisco J. SanchezAssistant SecretaryDOT06/13/00Returned 12/15/00
Francisco J. SanchezAssistant SecretaryDOTRecess appointment 08/03/00
David B. SandalowAssistant SecretaryDOS03/05/9910/22/99199
Marjory E. SearingAsst. Sec./Director GeneralDOC06/30/0012/15/00128
Robert A. Seiple, Jr.Ambassador at LargeDOS01/06/9903/24/9977
Cheryl ShaversUnder SecretaryDOC01/19/9911/10/99263
Owen J. SheaksAssistant SecretaryDOS05/08/0009/08/0083
Michael A. SheehanCoordinatorDOS06/17/9908/03/9947
Brian E. SheridanAssistant SecretaryDOD03/18/9904/29/9942
Islam A. SiddiquiUnder SecretaryUSDA12/15/00Returned 12/15/00
Islam A. SiddiquiUnder SecretaryUSDARecess appointment 12/29/00
Thomas N. SlonakerSpecial TrusteeDOI02/23/0005/24/0091
Kenneth L. SmithAssistant SecretaryDOI10/25/00Returned 12/15/00
Kenneth L. SmithAssistant SecretaryDOIRecess appointment 12/21/00
Marshall S. SmithDeputy SecretaryEDUC03/25/99Withdrawn 11/18/99
Michelle A. SmithAssistant SecretaryTREA02/23/0005/24/0091
Lawrence H. SummersSecretaryTREA06/07/9907/01/9924
Jonathan TalismanAssistant SecretaryTREA07/25/0012/15/00103
Ruth M. ThomasDeputy Under SecretaryTREA06/16/0012/15/00142
Edwin M. TrumanDeputy Under SecretaryTREA01/06/9904/21/99105
Kathryn M. TurmanDirectorDOJ08/03/9911/10/9967
Stephen D. Van BeekAssociate Deputy SecretaryDOT08/02/9911/10/9968
John K. VeroneauAssistant SecretaryDOD10/04/9911/05/9932
Susan M. WachterAssistant SecretaryHUD07/30/9911/19/9980
Edward S. Walker, Jr.Assistant SecretaryDOS10/27/9911/10/9914
Robert M. WalkerUnder SecretaryDVA11/10/9909/08/00207
Earl A. WayneAssistant SecretaryDOS11/03/9905/24/00147
David C. WilliamsInspector General-TaxTREA01/22/9904/29/9997
Admin.
John J. WilsonAdministratorDOJ09/25/00Returned 12/15/00



Days tob
Nominee/Appointee Position Departmenta Nominated Confirmed confirm
Judith A. WinstonUnder SecretaryEDUC07/13/00Returned 12/15/00
Judith A. WinstonUnder SecretaryEDUCRecess appointment 12/27/00
Lauress L. Wise, IICommissionerEDUC02/02/00Returned 12/15/00
Neal S. WolinGeneral CounselTREA08/02/9911/19/9977
Norman A. WulfSpecial RepresentativeDOS08/05/9911/10/9965
Average number of days to confirm a nomination105
a See page 32 for department abbreviations.
b The 32 days the Senate was recessed (August 8 through September 9, 1999) during the first session, 40 days it was recessed (July
September 5, 2000) during the second session, and 56 days it was adjourned between the end of the first session and the
second session (November 29, 1999, through January 24, 2000), were excluded when calculating the number of days



Table 4. Nomination and Appointment Action,
Executive Departments, 106th Congress
RecessDays to
PositionsAction on nominationsappointconfirm
Department Number Nominated Confirmed Withdrawn Returned Number Number
Agriculture 15 4 3 0 1 1 98
Commerce 26 15 12 1 2 4 112
Defense 45 16 14 0 2 0 52
Education 16 7 3 1 3 2 114
Energy 21 11 10 0 1 0 81
Health and
Human Resources20000000
Housing and Urban
Development16220081
Interior 19 6 5 0 1 1 99
Justice 27 15 9 1 5 4 178
Labor 18 8 8 0 0 0 169
State 48 24 20 0 4 4 97
Transportation 21 7 3 0 4 2 104
Treasury 24 16 16 0 0 0 100
Veterans Affairs1453110121
Total33013610842418
Nominations and Appointments to Individual Departments
The following pages provide data on presidential nominations and appointments
to full-time positions requiring Senate confirmation, and the Senate action on the
nominations. For each department, the data are presented under two sections,
“Appointment Action During 106th Congress,” and “Positions and Incumbents in
Department.” The first section provides an overview of nominations and Senate
actions. Nominees are listed in alphabetical order, along with the titles of the
positions involved, and the dates of nomination and confirmation. Also noted are
those instances in which a nomination has been rejected, returned, or withdrawn.
The second section identifies all the positions that require Senate confirmation,
and lists the incumbents and the Executive Schedule Level of the positions. An
incumbent’s name followed by (A) indicates an official who is serving in an acting
capacity. Occasionally, positions are left vacant, either because of a pending
reorganization (which may result in the termination of the position), or because they
are being temporarily merged with other positions. For example, the chief financial
officer position in executive departments may be merged with another administrative
position (management, budget, or administration) that also requires Senate
confirmation. The roman numerals under “Level” show at which of the five pay levels
in the Executive Schedule the positions is placed.



Department of Agriculture (UDSA)
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
Days to1
Nominee Position Nominated Confirmed confirm
Paul W. FiddickAsst. Sec. - Administration06/24/9911/10/99107
Andrew C. FishAsst. Sec. - Congressional Relations07/19/9910/07/9948
Christopher A.Admin. - Rural Utilities Service02/09/0006/27/00139
McLean
Islam A. SiddiquiUnder Sec. - Market/Reg Programs12/15/00Returned2
Islam A. SiddiquiUnder Sec. - Market/Reg ProgramsRecess appointment 12/29/00
Average number of days to confirm a nomination98
1 Not included in the calculations in this and the ensuing tables, are the 56 days the Senate was adjourned between the end of
the 1st session and the beginning of the 2nd session (Nov. 29, 1999, through Jan. 24, 2000), as well as the 32 day recess in thestnd

1 session (Aug. 8, 1999, through Sept. 9, 1999), and the 40 day recess in the 2 session (July 27,2000, through Sept. 5, 2000).2


Returned when the Senate adjourned on Dec. 15, 2000.
Positions and Incumbents in Department of Agriculture
Positions Incumbent Level
SecretaryDaniel R. GlickmanI
Deputy SecretaryRichard E. RomingerII
Under Secretary - Farm/Foreign Agricultural ServicesAugust Schumacher, Jr.III
Under Secretary - Food/Nutrition/Consumer ServicesShirley R. WatkinsIII
Under Secretary - Food SafetyCatherine E. WotekiIII
Under Secretary - Marketing /Regulatory ProgramsIslam A. SiddiquiIII
Under Secretary - Natural Resources/EnvironmentJames R. LyonsIII
Under Secretary - Research/Education/EconomicsI. Miley GonzalezIII
Under Secretary - Rural DevelopmentJill Long-ThompsonIII
Assistant Secretary - AdministrationPaul W. FiddickIV
Assistant Secretary - Congressional Relations1Andrew C. FishIV
Chief Financial OfficerSally ThompsonIV
General CounselCharles R. RawlsIV
Inspector General2Roger C. ViaderoIV
Administrator - Rural Utilities ServicesChristopher A. McLeanV
1 The chief financial officer may be appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate,
or may be designated by the President from among agency officials who have been confirmed by the Senate
for another position (Sec. 901(a)(1), P.L. 101-576). This provisions applies to all other executive
departments.2
Ten-year fixed-term position (7 U.S.C. 901); the current term expires on Nov. 20, 2003.



Department of Commerce (DOC)
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
Days to
Nominee Position Nominated Confirmed confirm
Linda J. BilmesChief Financial Officer/Asst. Sec. - Admin.10/20/9911/19/9930
Arthur C. CampbellAsst. Sec. - Economic Development03/22/0012/15/00228
Arthur C. CampbellAsst. Sec. - Economic DevelopmentRecess appointment 08/03/00
Kelly H. CarnesAsst. Sec. - Technology Policy03/05/9911/10/99218
Anne H. ChasserAsst. Comm. - Patents Office07/27/9911/10/9974
Troy H. CribbAsst. Sec. - Import Administration07/27/0010/24/0049
Q. Todd DickinsonCommissioner - Patents and Trademarks07/01/9911/10/99100
James A. DorskindGeneral Counsel10/25/00Returned 12/15/00
James A. DorskindGeneral CounselRecess appointment 12/21/00
Johnnie E. FrazierInspector General06/23/9907/15/9922
Nicholas P. Godici, IIAsst. Comm. - Trademarks Office01/31/00Withdrawn 05/23/00
Elwood Holstein, Jr.Asst. Sec. - Oceans and Atmosphere09/14/00Returned 12/15/00
Elwood Holstein, Jr.Asst. Sec. - Oceans and AtmosphereRecess appointment 12/21/00
Robert S. LaRussaUnder Sec. - International Trade Admin.05/25/0012/15/00164
Robert S. LaRussaUnder Sec. - International Trade Admin.Recess appointment 08/04/00
Norman Y. MinetaSecretary07/17/0007/20/003
Gregory RohdeAsst. Sec. -Communications and Information08/03/9911/10/9967
Marjory E. SearingAsst. Sec./Dir. Gen.06/30/0012/15/00128
U.S. Foreign Commerce Service.
Cheryl ShaversUnder Sec. - Technology01/19/9911/10/99263
Average number of days to confirm a nomination112



Positions and Incumbents in Department of Commerce
Positions1 Incumbent Level
SecretaryNorman Y. MinetaI
Deputy SecretaryRobert L. MallettII
Under Secretary - Economic/Statistical AffairsRobert J. ShapiroII
Under Secretary - Export Administration2William ReinschII
Under Secretary - Intellectual Property/Patents & TrademarkQ. Todd DickinsonIII
Under Secretary - International Trade AdministrationRobert S. LaRussaIII
Under Secretary - Oceans/AtmosphereD. James BakerIII
Under Secretary - TechnologyCheryl ShaversIII
Asst. Sec. - Administration/Chief Financial OfficerLinda J. BilmesIV
Asst. Sec. - Communications/InformationGregory RohdeIV
Asst. Sec. - Economic Development AdministrationArthur C. CampbellIV
Asst. Sec. - Export AdministrationR. Roger MajakIV
Asst. Sec. - Export EnforcementF. Amanda DeBuskIV
Asst. Sec. - Import AdministrationTroy H. CribbIV
Asst. Sec. - Legislative/Intergovernmental AffairsDeborah K. KilmerIV
Asst. Sec. - Market Access/CompliancePatrick A. MulloyIV
Asst. Sec. - Oceans and AtmosphereElwood Holstein, Jr.IV
Asst. Sec. - Technology PolicyKelly H. CarnesIV
Asst. Sec. - Trade DevelopmentMichael J. CoppsIV
Asst. Sec./Dir. Gen. - U.S./Foreign Commercial ServiceMarjory E. SearingIV
Chief Financial OfficerLinda J. BilmesIV
Director - Bureau of the CensusKenneth PrewittIV
Director - National Institute of Standards and TechnologyRaymond G. KammerIV
General CounselJames A. DorskindIV
Inspector General2Johnnie E. FrazierIV
Chief Scientist - National Oceanic/Atmospheric Admin.VacantV
1 Does not include positions in the officer corps of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
except for the chief scientist position.2
Position of Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks to which Dickinson was appointed, was upgraded
to that of Under Secretary for Intellectual Property and Director of U.S. Patent and Trademark Office;
positions of Commissioner of Patents and Commissioner of Trademarkes were converted into Senior
Executive Service Positions (P.L. 106-113, 35 U.S.C. 3).



Department of Defense (DOD)
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
Days to
Nominee Positions Nominated Confirmed confirm
Charles A. BlanchardGeneral Counsel - Army06/30/9908/05/9936
Gregory R. DahlbergUnder Sec. - Army03/20/0005/18/0059
Lawrence J. DelaneyAsst. Sec. - Acquisition (Air Force)03/02/9904/29/9958
Rudy deLeonDeputy Secretary03/07/0003/29/0022
Carol DiBattisteUnder Sec. - Air Force06/30/9908/05/9936
Douglas A. DworkinGeneral Counsel03/07/0006/09/0094
Roger W. KallockDep. Under Sec. - Logistics/Materiel05/17/0009/08/0074
Readiness
Alphonso Maldon, Jr.Asst. Sec. - Force Management Policy10/04/9911/05/9932
Donald MancusoInspector General06/28/00Returned 12/15/00
Hans MarkAsst. Sec. - Nuclear/Chemical/Biological10/19/00Returned 12/15/00
Defense Programs
Arthur L. MoneyAsst. Sec. - Command/Control/05/13/9909/30/99108
Communications/Intelligence
F. Whitten PetersSecretary - Air Force06/17/9907/30/9943
Robert B. Pirie, Jr.Under Sec. - Navy09/07/0010/12/0035
Bernard D. RostkerUnder Sec. - Personnel and Readiness03/20/0005/18/0059
Brian E. SheridanAsst. Sec. - Special Operations/03/18/9904/29/9942
Low Intensity Conflict
John K. VeroneauAsst. Sec. - Legislative Affairs10/04/9911/05/9932
Average number of days to confirm a nomination52



Positions and Incumbents in Department of Defense
Positions Incumbent Level
SecretaryWilliam S. CohenI
Deputy SecretaryRudy deLeonII
Under Secretary - Acquisition/TechnologyJacques GanslerIII
Under Secretary - Comptroller/Chief Financial OfficerWilliam J. Lynn IIIIII
Under Secretary - Personnel/ReadinessBernard D. RostkerIII
Under Secretary - PolicyWalter B. SlocombeIII
Asst. Sec. - Command/Control/Communications/IntelligenceArthur L. MoneyIV
Asst. Sec. - Force Management PolicyAlphonso Maldon, Jr.IV
Asst. Sec. - Health AffairsSue BaileyIV
Asst. Sec. - Legislative AffairsJohn K. VeroneauIV
Asst. Sec. - International Security AffairsFranklin D. KramerIV
Asst. Sec. - Nuclear/Chemical/Biological Defense ProgramsVacantIV
Asst. Sec. - Public AffairsKenneth H. BaconIV
Asst. Sec. - Reserve AffairsVacantIV
Asst. Sec. - Special Operations/Low Intensity ConflictBrian E. SheridanIV
Asst. Sec. - Strategy/RequirementsEdward L. Warner IIIIV
Director - Defense Research/EngineeringHans MarkIV
Director - Operational Testing/EvaluationPhilip E. CoyleIV
General CounselDouglas A. DworkinIV
Inspector GeneralVacantIV
Deputy Under Sec. - Logistics and Materiel ReadinessRoger W. KallockIV
Principal Deputy Under Sec. - Acquisition/TechnologyDavid R. OliverV
Principal Deputy Under Sec. - PolicyJames M. BodnerV
Department of the Air Force
SecretaryF. Whitten PetersII
Under SecretaryCarol DiBattisteIV
Asst. Sec. - AcquisitionLawrence J. DelaneyIV
Asst. Sec. - Financial Management/ComptrollerRobert F. HaleIV
Asst. Sec. - Manpower/Reserve Affairs/InstallationsRuby B. DeMesmeIV
Asst. Sec. - SpaceKeith R. HallIV
General CounselJeh C. JohnsonIV
Department of the Army
SecretaryLouis CalderaII
Under SecretaryGregory R. DahlbergIV
Asst. Sec. - Civil WorksJoseph W. WestphalIV
Asst. Sec. - Financial Management/Comptroller2Helen T. McCoyIV
Asst. Sec. - Installations/Logistics/EnvironmentMahlon Apgar IVIV
Asst. Sec. - Manpower/Reserve AffairsPatrick T. HenryIV
Asst. Sec. - Research/Development/AcquisitionPaul J. HoeperIV
General CounselCharles A. BlanchardIV
Department of the Navy
SecretaryRichard DanzigII
Under SecretaryRobert B. Pirie, Jr.IV
Asst. Sec. - Financial Management/ComptrollerVacantIV
Asst. Sec. - Installations/EnvironmentRobert B. PirieIV
Asst. Sec. - Manpower/Reserve AffairsCarolyn H. BecraftIV
Asst. Sec. - Research/Development/AcquisitionHerbert L. Buchanan IIIIV
General CounselStephen W. PrestonIV



Joint Chiefs of Staff1
ChairmanGeneral Henry H. Shelton
Vice ChairmanGeneral Richard B. Myers
Chief of Staff (Air Force)General Michael E. Ryan
Chief of Staff (Army)General Eric K. Shinseki
Chief of Staff (Naval Operations)Admiral Jay Johnson
Commandant (Marine Corps)General James L. Jones
1 Chairman and vice chairman serve two-year terms; other members serve four-year terms. General
Shelton’s term expires on Sept. 24, 2001; General Myer’s term expires on Oct. 29, 2001; General Ryan’s
term expired on Sept. 24, 2000, but he has been held over; General Shinseki’s term expires on June 16,

2001; Admiral Johnson’s term expired on Aug. 2, 2000, but he has been held over; and General Jones’,


term expires on June 16, 2001.



Department of Education (EDUC)
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
Days to
Nominee Position Nominated Confirmed confirm
Michael CohenAsst. Sec. - Elementary and Secondary07/01/9911/10/99100
Education
A. Lee FritschlerAsst. Sec. - Postsecondary Education06/21/9911/10/99110
Frank S. Holleman, IIIDeputy Secretary11/10/99Returned 12/15/00
Frank S. Holleman, IIIDeputy SecretaryRecess appointment 12/28/991
Lorraine P. LewisInspector General01/14/9905/26/99132
Marshall S. SmithDeputy Secretary03/25/99Withdrawn 11/18/99
Judith A. WinstonUnder Secretary07/13/00Returned 12/15/00
Judith A. WinstonUnder SecretaryRecess appointment 12/27/00
Lauress L. Wise, IICommissioner - Education Statistics02/02/00Returned 12/15/00
Average number of days to confirm a nomination114
Positions and Incumbents in Department of Education
Positions Incumbent Level
SecretaryRichard W. RileyI
Deputy SecretaryFrank S. Holleman, IIIII
Under SecretaryJudith A. WinstonIV
Asst. Sec. - Civil RightsNorma V. CantuIV
Asst. Sec. - Educational Research/ImprovementCyril K. McGuireIV
Asst. Sec. - Elementary/Secondary EducationMichael CohenIV
Asst. Sec. - Intergovernmental/Interagency AffairsG. Mario MorenoIV
Asst. Sec. - Legislation/Congressional AffairsScott S. FlemingIV
Asst. Sec. - Postsecondary EducationA. Lee FritschlerIV
Asst. Sec. - Special Education/Rehabilitation ServicesJudith HeumannIV
Asst. Sec. - Vocational/Adult Education Patricia W. McNeillIV
Chief Financial Officer2Thomas S. Kelly (A)IV
Commissioner - National Center for Education StatisticsGary Phillips (A)IV
General CounselVacantIV
Inspector GeneralLorraine P. LewisIV
Commissioner - Rehabilitation Services AdministrationFrederic K. SchroederIV
1 Recess appointment expires at end of 2nd session of 106th Congress.
2 Four-year fixed-term position (20 U.S.C. 9002(b)(1)).



Department of Energy (DOE)
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
Days to
Nominee Position Nominate Confirme
ddconfirm
Madelyn R. CreedonDeputy Admin. - National Nuclear Security03/09/0007/10/00123
Admin.
Mildred S.Dir. - Office of Science05/23/0007/26/0064
Dresselhaus
Robert W. GeeAsst. Sec. - Fossil Energy01/29/9904/19/9980
T. J. GlauthierDeputy Secretary01/06/9903/17/9970
David L. GoldwynAsst. Sec. - International Affairs04/12/9907/13/9992
John A. GordonUnder Sec. - Nuclear Security05/03/0006/14/0042
Rose E. GottemoellerAsst. Sec. - Non-Proliferation/National Security02/25/9903/25/9928
Carolyn L. HuntoonAsst. Sec. - Environmental Management01/06/9907/01/99176
Ivan ItkinDir. - Civilian Radioactive Waste Management08/03/9911/19/9976
James B. LewisDir. - Office of Minority Economic Impact05/20/9907/13/9954
Mark J. MazurAdmin. - Energy Information Administration10/17/00Returned 12/15/00
Average number of days to confirm a nomination81
Positions and Incumbents in Department of Energy
Positions Incumbent Level
SecretaryBill RichardsonI
Deputy SecretaryT. J. GlauthierII
Under Secretary1Ernest J. MonizIII
Under Secretary - Nuclear Security1John A. GordonIII
Administrator - National Nuclear Security AdministrationJohn A. GordonIII
Administrator -Energy Information AdministrationJay E. HakesIV
Asst. Sec. - Congressional/Intergovernmental AffairsJohn C. AngellIV
Asst. Sec. - Energy Efficiency/Renewable EnergyDan W. ReicherIV
Asst. Sec. - Environment/Safety/HealthDavid MichaelsIV
Asst. Sec. - Environmental ManagementCarolyn L. HuntoonIV
Asst. Sec. - Fossil EnergyRobert W. GeeIV
Asst. Sec. - International AffairsDavid L. GoldwynIV
Asst. Sec. - Non-Proliferation/National SecurityRose E. GottemoellerIV
Chief Financial OfficerMichael L. TelsonIV
Deputy Admin. - National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)Madelyn R. CreedonIV
Deputy Admin. - Nuclear Non-Proliferation, NNSAVacantIV
Director - Civilian Radioactive Waste ManagementIvan ItkinIV
Director - Office of Minority Economic ImpactJames B. LewisIV
Director - Office of ScienceMildred S. DresselhausIV
General CounselMary A. SullivanIV
Inspector GeneralGregory H. FriedmanIV
1 The under secretary serves as the administrator of the National Nuclear Security Administration.



Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
Days to
Nominee Position Nominated Confirmed confirm
None
Average number of days to confirm a nomination
Positions and Incumbents in Department of Health and Human Services
Positions Incumbent Level
SecretaryDonna E. ShalalaI
Deputy SecretaryKevin L. ThurmII
Administrator - Health Care Financing AdministrationNancy A. DeParleIV
Administrator - Substance Abuse/Mental HealthNelba R. ChavezIV
Asst. Sec. - Administration on AgingJeanette C. TakamuraIV
Asst. Sec. - Administration on Children/FamiliesOlivia A. GoldenIV
Asst. Sec. - LegislationRichard TarplinIV
Asst. Sec. - Management/BudgetJohn J. CallahanIV
Asst. Sec. - Planning/EvaluationMargaret HamburgIV
Asst. Sec. - Public AffairsMelissa T. SkolfieldIV
Asst. Sec./Surgeon General - HealthDavid SatcherIV
Chief Financial OfficerJohn J. CallahanIV
Commissioner - Food and Drug AdministrationJane E. HenneyIV
Director - National Institutes of HealthRuth Kirschstein (A)IV
General CounselHarriet S. RabbIV
Inspector GeneralJune G. BrownIV
Commissioner - Children/Youth/FamiliesPatricia T. MontoyaV
Commissioner - Administration for Native Americans1Gary N. KimbleV
Director - Indian Health Services2Michael H. TrujuilloV
Surgeon GeneralDavid SatcherNA
1 Four-year term of office (25 U.S.C. 1661(a) note); current term expires on June 17, 2002.
2 Four-year term of office; by law, Surgeon General must be appointed from the regular corps
of the Public Health Service (42 U.S.C. 205). Current term expires on Feb. 10, 2002.



Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
Days to
NomineePositionNominatedConfirmed confirm
Armando Falcon, Jr.Dir. - Office of Federal Housing06/07/9909/29/9982
Enterprises Oversight
Susan M. WachterAsst. Sec. - Policy Development/Research07/30/9911/19/9980
Average number of days to confirm a nomination81
Positions and Incumbents in Department of Housing and Urban Development
Positions Incumbent Level
SecretaryAndrew M. CuomoI
Deputy Secretary1Saul N. Ramirez, Jr.II
Director - Office of Federal Housing Enterprise OversightArmando Falcon, Jr.II
Asst. Sec. - AdministrationVacantIV
Asst. Sec. - Community Planning/DevelopmentCardell CooperIV
Asst. Sec. - Congressional/Intergovernmental RelationsHal C. DeCell IIIIV
Asst. Sec. - Fair Housing/Equal OpportunityEva M. PlazaIV
Asst. Sec. - Federal Housing CommissionerWilliam C. ApgarIV
Asst. Sec. - Policy Development/ResearchSusan M. WachterIV
Asst. Sec. - Public AffairsVacantIV
Asst. Sec. - Public/Indian HousingHarold LucasIV
Chief Financial OfficerVacantIV
Director - Office of Multifamily HousingIra G. PeppercornIV
General CounselGail LasterIV
Inspector GeneralSusan GaffneyIV
President - Government National Mortgage AssociationVacantIV
1 Five-year term of office (12 U.S.C. 4512(a)(4)).



Department of the Interior (DOI)
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
Days to
Nominee Position Nominate Confirme confirm
dd
Sylvia V. BacaAsst. Sec. - Land/Minerals Management08/05/9902/29/00120
Earl E. DevaneyInspector General07/22/9908/05/9914
Thomas A. Fry, IIIDir. - Bureau of Land Management10/27/9905/24/00154
David J. HayesDeputy Secretary08/03/9902/22/00115
Thomas N.Office of Special Trustee/American02/23/0005/24/0091
SlonakerIndians
Kenneth L. SmithAsst. Sec. - Fish and Wildlife10/25/00Returned 12/15/00
Kenneth L. SmithAsst. Sec. - Fish and WildlifeRecess appointment 12/21/00
Average number of days to confirm a nomination99
Positions and Incumbents in Department of the Interior
Positions Incumbent Level
SecretaryBruce BabbittI
Deputy SecretaryDavid J. HayesII
Asst. Sec. - Fish/WildlifeKenneth L. SmithIV
Asst. Sec. - Indian AffairsKevin GoverIV
Asst. Sec. - Land/Minerals ManagementSylvia BacaIV
Asst. Sec. - Policy, Management, and Budget1M. John BerryIV
Asst. Sec. - Territories/International AffairsVacantIV
Asst. Sec. - Water/Science2Patricia J. BenekeIV
Chairman - National Indian Gaming CommissionVacantIV
Chief Financial OfficerM. John BerryIV
Director - National Park ServiceRobert G. StantonIV
Director - Office of Surface Mining/Reclamation/EnforcementKathleen KarpenIV
Inspector GeneralEarl E. DevaneyIV
SolicitorJohn D. LeshyIV
Commissioner - Bureau of ReclamationEluid L. MartinezV
Director - Bureau of Land ManagementThomas Fry, IIIV
Director - U.S. Fish/Wildlife ServiceJamie R. ClarkV
Director - U.S. Geological SurveyCharles G. GroatV
Special Trustee - Office of Special Trustee/American IndiansThomas N. SlonakerV
1 Position is unfunded.
2 Three-year term of office; incumbent may be removed only for neglect of duty or malfeasance
in office, or for other good cause (25 U.S.C. 704(b)).



Department of Justice (DOJ)
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
Days to
Nominee Position Nominate Confirme confirm
dd
Glenn A. FineInspector General05/15/0012/15/00174
Paula M. JunghansAsst. Attorney General - Tax Division07/27/00Returned 12/15/00
Mary Lou LearyAsst. Att. General - Off. of Justice09/22/00Returned 12/15/00
Programs
Bill Lann LeeAsst. Att. - Civil Rights Division03/05/99Returned 12/15/00
Bill Lann LeeAsst. Att. General - Civil Rights DivisionRecess appointment 08/03/00
Daniel MarcusAssociate Attorney General02/28/0012/15/00251
Donnie R.Admin. - Drug Enforcement02/22/0005/24/0092
Marshall Administration
John W. MarshallDirector - U.S. Marshals Service08/05/9911/10/9965
Julio F. MercadoDeputy Admin. - Drug Enforcement03/23/0006/29/0098
Admin.
Randolph D. MossAsst. Att. General - Office of Legal11/09/9912/15/00306
Counsel
Randolph D. MossAsst. Att. General - Office of LegalRecess appointment 08/03/00
Counsel
Beth NolanAsst. Att. General - Office of Legal03/05/99Withdrawn 11/09/99
Counsel
David W. OgdenAsst. Att. General - Civil Division06/10/9912/15/00426
David W. OgdenAsst. Att. General - Civil DivisionRecess appointment 08/03/00
Robert RabenAsst. Attorney General - Legislative Affairs05/03/9910/07/99125
Julie E. SamuelsDirector - National Institute of Justice12/15/00Returned 12/15/00
Julie E. SamuelsDirector - National Institute of JusticeRecess appointment 12/20/00
Kathryn M.Director - Office for Victims of Crime08/03/9911/10/9967
Turman
John J. WilsonAdmin. - Juvenile Justice/Delinquency09/25/00Returned 12/15/00
Prevention
Average number of days to confirm a nomination 178



Positions and Incumbents in Department of Justice
Positions1 Incumbent Level
Attorney GeneralJanet RenoI
Deputy Attorney General2Eric H. Holder, Jr.II
Director - Federal Bureau of InvestigationLouis J. FreehII
Administrator - Drug Enforcement AdministrationDonnie R. MarshallIII
Associate Attorney GeneralDaniel MarcusIII
Solicitor GeneralSeth WaxmanIII
Asst. Attorney General - Antitrust DivisionJoel I. KleinIV
Asst. Attorney General - Civil DivisionDavid OgdenIV
Asst. Attorney General - Civil Rights DivisionBill Lann LeeIV
Asst. Attorney General - Criminal DivisionJames K. RobinsonIV
Asst. Attorney General - Environ./Natural Resources Lois J. SchifferIV
Asst. Attorney General - Legislative AffairsRobert RabenIV
Asst. Attorney General - Office of Justice ProgramsMary Lou Leary (A)IV
Asst. Attorney General - Office of Legal CounselRandolph MossIV
Asst. Attorney General - Office of Policy DevelopmentEleanor AchesonIV
Asst. Attorney General - Tax DivisionPaula M. Junghans (A)IV
Administrator - Juvenile Justice/Delinquency PreventionJohn J. Wilson (A)IV
Commissioner - Immigration/Naturalization ServiceDoris MeissnerIV
Deputy Admin - Drug Enforcement AdministrationJulio F. MercadoIV
Director - Bureau of Justice AssistanceNancy E. GistIV
Director - Bureau of Justice Statistics3Jan M. ChaikanIV
Director - Community Relations ServiceRose OchiIV
Director - National Institute of JusticeJulie E. SamuelsIV
Director - Office for Victims of CrimeKathryn M. TurmanIV
Director - U.S. Marshals ServiceJohn W. MarshallIV
Inspector GeneralGlenn A. FineIV
Special Counsel - Immigration Related Unfair4
Employment PracticesJohn D. TrasvinaIV
1 Does not include positions of U.S. Attorney and U.S. Marshal.
2 Ten-year term; incumbent may not serve more than one 10-year term (28 U.S.C. 532 note); current
term expires on Aug. 6, 2003.3
Four-year term (42 U.S.C. 2000g); current term expires on Mar. 20, 2001.4
Four-year term (8 U.S.C. 1324b(3)); current term expires on Sept. 16, 2001.



Department of Labor (DOL)
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
Days to
Nominee Position Nominated Confirmed confirm
Kenneth M. BresnahanChief Financial Officer01/06/9911/10/99276
Irasema GarzaDirector - Women’s Bureau06/23/9911/19/99117
Gordon S. HeddellInspector General03/23/0012/15/00227
T. Michael KerrAdministrator - Wage and Hour Division06/23/9911/19/99117
Leslie B. KramerichAsst. Sec. - Pensions /Welfare Benefits07/10/0012/15/00118
Richard M. McGaheyAsst. Sec. - Pensions/Welfare Benefits03/02/9911/10/99221
Edward B. MontgomeryAsst. Sec. - Policy05/05/9911/10/99157
Edward B. MontgomeryDeputy Secretary01/24/0005/24/00121
Average number of days to confirm a nomination169
Positions and Incumbents in Department of Labor
Positions Incumbent Level
SecretaryAlexis M. HermanI
Deputy SecretaryEdward B. MontgomeryII
Asst. Sec. - Administration/ManagementPatricia W. LattimoreIV
Asst. Sec. - Congressional/Intergovernmental AffairsGeri D. PalastIV
Asst. Sec. - Employment/Training AdministrationRaymond BramucciIV
Asst. Sec. - Employment Standards AdministrationBernard E. AndersonIV
Asst. Sec. - Mine Safety/Health AdministrationJ. Davitt McAteerIV
Asst. Sec. - Occupational Safety/Health AdministrationCharles N. JeffressIV
Asst. Sec. - Office of Public AffairsVacantIV
Asst. Sec. - Pension/Welfare Benefits AdministrationLeslie B. KramerichIV
Asst. Sec. - PolicyVacantIV
Asst. Sec. - Veterans’ Employment/TrainingEspiridion A. BorregoIV
Chief Financial Officer1Kenneth M. BresnahanIV
Commissioner - Bureau of Labor StatisticsKatharine G. AbrahamIV
Inspector GeneralGordon S. HeddellIV
SolicitorHenry L. SolanoIV
Administrator - Wage/Hour Division2T. Michael KerrV3
Director - Women’s BureauIrasema Garza
1 Four-year term (29 U.S.C. 3); current term expires on Oct. 9, 2001.
2 By statute, incumbent must be a woman (29 U.S.C. 12).
3 Ungraded senior level position with a salary maximum equal to Executive Level IV.



Department of State (DOS)
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
Days to
Nominee Position Nominated Confirmed confirm
William B. BaderAsst. Sec. - Educational/Cultural Affairs09/13/9911/10/9958
Avis T. BohlenAsst. Sec. - Arms Control10/01/9911/10/9940
Richard A. BoucherAsst. Sec. - Public Affairs06/13/0012/15/00145
James B. CunninghamU.S. Deputy Rep. - United Nations07/01/9911/10/99100
James F. DobbinsAsst. Sec. - European Affairs09/26/00Returned 12/15/00
James F. DobbinsAsst. Sec. - European AffairsRecess appointment 12/29/00
William A. EatonAsst. Sec. - Administration03/20/00Returned 12/15/00
Robert J. EinhornAsst. Sec. - Non-proliferation04/13/9911/10/99179
Marc GrossmanDir. Gen. - Foreign Service03/20/0006/09/0081
Donald S. HaysU.S. Rep. - UN Management/Reform10/06/9911/10/9935
Richard HolbrookeU.S. Representative - United Nations02/10/9908/05/99176
John D. HolumUnder Sec. - Arms Control/Intl. Security03/05/99Returned 12/15/00
John D. HolumUnder Sec. - Arms Control/Intl. SecurityRecess appointment 08/04/00
Alan P. LarsonUnder Sec. - Econ./Bus./Agri. Affairs10/08/9911/19/9942
Luis J. LauredoU.S. Rep. - Organization of American States11/10/9912/15/00305
Luis J. LauredoU.S. Rep. - Organization of American StatesRecess appointment 12/22/99
Evelyn S. LiebermanUnder Sec. - Public Diplomacy06/24/9907/30/9936
Donald A. MahleySpec. Negotiator - Chemical/Biological03/07/0005/24/0078
Arms Control
Peter F. RomeroAsst. Sec. - Western Hemisphere Affairs01/06/99Returned 12/15/00
Peter F. RomeroAsst. Sec. - Western Hemisphere AffairsRecess Appointment 12/29/00
J. Stapleton RoyAsst. Sec. - Intelligence and Research10/01/9911/10/9940
David B. SandalowAsst. Sec. - Oceans/Intl. Environ/Sci. Affairs03/05/9910/22/99199
Robert A. Seiple, Jr.Amb. at Large - Intl. Religious Freedom01/06/9903/24/9977
Owen J. SheaksAsst. Sec. - Verification and Compliance05/08/0009/08/0083
Michael A. SheehanCoordinator - Counterterrorism06/17/9908/03/9947
Edward S. Walker, Jr.Asst. Sec. - Near Eastern Affairs10/27/9911/10/9914
Earl A. WayneAsst Sec. - Economic/Business Affairs11/03/9905/24/00147
Norman A. WulfSpecial Representative of President08/05/9911/10/9965
Average number of days to confirm a nomination97



Positions and Incumbents in Department of State
Positions1 Incumbent Level
Department
SecretaryMadeleine K. AlbrightI
Deputy SecretaryStrobe TalbottII
Under Sec. - Economic/Agricultural AffairsAlan P. LarsonIII
Under Sec. - Global AffairsFrank E. LoyIII
Under Sec. - Arms Control/Security AffairsJohn D. HolumIII
Under Sec. - ManagementBonnie R. CohenIII
Under Sec. - Political AffairsThomas R. PickeringIII
Under Sec. - Public DiplomacyEvelyn S. LiebermanIII
Ambassador-at-Large - International Religious FreedomRobert A. Sieple, Jr.III
Ambassador-at-Large - Newly Independent StatesStephen SestanovichIV
Ambassador-at-Large - War CrimesDavid J. SchefferIV
Asst. Sec. - AdministrationPatrick F. KennedyIV
Asst. Sec. - African AffairsSusan E. RiceIV
Asst. Sec. - Arms Control and International Security AffairsAvis T. BohlenIV
Asst. Sec. - Consular AffairsMary A. RyanIV
Asst. Sec. - Democracy/Human Rights/LaborHarold H. KothIV
Asst. Sec. - Diplomatic Security/Foreign MissionsDavid G. CarpenterIV
Asst. Sec. - East Asia/Pacific AffairsStanley O. RothIV
Asst. Sec. - Economic/Business AffairsEarl A. WayneIV
Asst. Sec. - Educational/Cultural AffairsWilliam B. BaderIV
Asst. Sec. - European/Canadian AffairsJames F. DobbinsIV
Asst. Sec. - Intelligence/ResearchJ. Stapleton RoyIV
Asst. Sec. - International Narcotics Matters/Law Enforcement Randy Beers (A)IV
Asst. Sec. - International OrganizationC. David WelchIV
Asst. Sec. - Legislative AffairsBarbara M. LarkinIV
Asst. Sec. - Near Eastern AffairsEdward S. Walker, Jr.IV
Asst. Sec. - Non-proliferationRobert J. EinhornIV
Asst. Sec. - Oceans/International Environmental/Scientific MattersDavid B. SandalowIV
Asst. Sec. - Political/Military AffairsEric NewsomIV
Asst. Sec. - Population/Refugee/Migration AffairsJulia TaftIV
Asst. Sec. - Public AffairsRichard A. BoucherIV
Asst. Sec. - South Asian AffairsKarl F. InderfurthIV
Asst. Sec. - Verification and ComplianceOwen J. SheaksIV
Asst. Sec. - Western Hemisphere AffairsPeter RomeroIV
Chief Financial OfficerBert T. EdwardsIV
Counselor2Wendy ShermanIV
Director General - Foreign ServiceMarc GrossmanIV
Inspector GeneralJacquelyn L. Williams-BridgesIV
Legal AdviserDavid AndrewsIV
Coordinator - CounterterrorismMichael A. SheehanIV
Special Negotiator - Chemical/Biological Arms ControlDonald A. MaheyIV
Special Representative of PresidentNorman A. WulfIV
International Organizations
U.S. Representative - United NationsRichard HolbrookeII
U.S. Representative - Organization of American StatesLuis J. LauredoFA-13
U.S. Deputy Representative - United NationsJames B. CunninghamFA-13
U.S. Deputy Representative - UN/Economic/Social CouncilBetty KingFA-13
U.S. Deputy Representative - UN/Management/ReformDonald S. HaysFA-13
U.S. Deputy Representative - UN/Special Political AffairsNancy SoderbergFA-13
1 Does not include chiefs of mission in overseas posts.
2 By law, incumbent must be a career senior foreign service officer (22 U.S.C. 3928).



Department of Transportation (DOT)
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
Days to
Nominee Position Nominate Confirme Confir
ddm
Sue BaileyAdmin. - Natl. Highway Traffic Safety07/26/00Returned 12/15/00
Admin.
Sue BaileyAdmin. - Natl. Highway Traffic SafetyRecess appointment 08/03/00
Admin.
Monte R. BelgerDeputy Admin. - Federal Aviation Admin.11/10/99Returned 12/15/00
Nuria I. FernandezAdmin. - Federal Transit Administration03/22/00Returned 12/15/00
Michael J. FrazierAsst. Sec. - Governmental Affairs08/03/9911/10/9967
Albert S. JacquezAdmin. - St. Lawrence Seaway Dev. Admin.01/06/9907/01/99176
Francisco J. SanchezAsst. Sec. - Aviation and International06/13/00Returned 12/15/00
Affairs
Francisco J. SanchezAsst. Sec. - Aviation and InternationalRecess appointment 08/03/00
Affairs
Stephen D. VanAssociate Deputy Secretary08/02/9911/10/9968
Beek
Average number of days to confirm a nomination104
Positions and Incumbents in Department of Transportation
Positions Incumbent Level
SecretaryRodney E. SlaterI
Deputy SecretaryMortimer L. DowneyII
Administrator - Federal Aviation AdministrationJane GarveyII
Administrator - Federal Highway AdministrationKenneth R. WykleII
Administrator - Federal Motor Carrier Safety AdministrationVacantIII
Administrator - Federal Railroad AdministrationJolene M. MolitorisIII
Administrator - Federal Transit AdministrationVacantIII
Administrator - Maritime AdministrationClyde J. Hart, Jr.III
Administrator - National Highway Traffic Safety AdministrationSue BaileyIII
Administrator - Research/Special Programs Administration1Kelly S. CoynerIII
Administrator - St. Lawrence Seaway Development Corp.Albert S. JacquezIV
Asst. Sec. - Aviation and International AffairsFrancisco J. SanchezIV
Asst. Sec. - Budget and ProgramsPeter J. Basso, Jr.IV
Asst. Sec. - Governmental AffairsMichael J. FrazierIV
Asst. Sec. - Transportation PolicyEugene A. Conti, Jr.IV
Chief Financial OfficerPeter J. Bass, Jr.IV
Deputy Administrator - Federal Aviation Administration VacantIV
General CounselNancy E. McFaddenIV
Inspector GeneralKenneth M. MeadIV
Associate Deputy Secretary2Stephen D. Van BeekV
Director - Bureau of Transportation StatisticsAshish SenV
1 Seven-year term; if position becomes vacant before term expires, appointment may be only to complete
unexpired term (33 U.S.C. 982(a)).2
Four-year term (49 U.S.C. 111(b)). Current term expires on May 23, 2001.



Department of the Treasury (TREA)
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
Days to
NomineePositionNominatedConfirmed confirm
Gregory A. BaerAsst. Sec. - Financial Institutions09/22/9911/10/9949
Stuart E. EizenstatDeputy Secretary06/17/9907/13/9926
Timothy F. GeithnerUnder Sec. - International Affairs01/06/9904/21/99105
Gary GenslerUnder Sec. - Domestic Finance01/06/9904/21/99105
John D. Hawke, Jr.Comptroller of the Currency01/06/9910/07/99242
Jay JohnsonDirector - Mint09/08/9905/24/00203
Lisa G. RossAsst. Sec. - Management/Chief Fin. Off. 06/06/0012/15/00152
Jeffrey Rush, Jr.Inspector General07/01/9907/22/9921
Lewis A. SachsAsst. Sec. - Financial Markets05/20/9907/13/9954
Michelle A. SmithAsst. Sec. - Public Affairs02/23/0005/24/0091
Lawrence H. SummersSecretary06/07/9907/01/9924
Jonathan TalismanAsst. Sec. - Tax Policy07/25/0012/15/00103
Ruth M. ThomasDep. Under Sec. - Legis. Affairs06/16/0012/15/00142
Edwin M. TrumanDeputy Under Sec. - International Affairs01/06/9904/21/99105
David C. WilliamsInspector General - Tax Administration01/22/9904/29/9997
Neal S. WolinGeneral Counsel08/02/9911/19/9977
Average number of days to confirm a nomination100



Positions and Incumbents in Department of the Treasury
Positions Incumbent Level
SecretaryLawrence H. SummersI
Deputy Secretary1Stuart E. EizenstatII
Commissioner - Internal Revenue ServiceCharles RossottiIII
Commissioner - U.S. Customs Service2Raymond W. KellyIII
Comptroller of the Currency3John D. Hawke, Jr.III
Director - Office of Thrift SupervisionEllen S. SeidmanIII
Under Sec. - Domestic FinanceGary GenslerIII
Under Sec. - EnforcementJames E. JohnsonIII
Under Sec. - International AffairsTimothy F. GeithnerIII
Asst. Sec. - Economic PolicyDavid W. WilcoxIV
Asst. Sec. - EnforcementElizabeth BreseeIV
Asst. Sec. - Financial InstitutionsGregory A. BaerIV
Asst. Sec. - Financial MarketsLewis A. SachsIV
Asst. Sec. - Management/Chief Financial OfficerLisa G. RossIV
Asst. Sec. - Public AffairsMichelle A. SmithIV
Asst. Sec. - Tax PolicyJonathan TalismanIV
Deputy Under Sec./Asst. Sec. - International AffairsEdwin M. TrumanIV
Deputy Under Sec./Asst. Sec. - Legislative Affairs and Public LiaisionRuth M. ThomasIV
General CounselNeal S. WolinIV
Inspector GeneralJeffrey Rush, Jr.IV
Inspector General for Tax AdministrationDavid C. WilliamsIV
Chief Counsel/Asst. General Counsel Internal Revenue Service4Stuart L. BrownV5
Director - U.S. MintJay JohnsonSL5
Treasurer - United StatesMary E. WithrowSL
1 Five-year term; if the position becomes vacant before the term expires, the appointment may be only to
complete the unexpired term (26 U.S.C. 7803(a)(1)). The incumbent may continue in office after his term
expires until a successor is appointed and qualifies (31 U.S.C. 310). Rossotti’s term expires on Nov. 13,

2002.2


Five-year term; if the incumbent is removed before the term expires, the President must communicate the
reason to the Senate. The incumbent may continue in office after his term expires until a successor is
appointed (12 U.S.C. 2, and 31 U.S.C. 310). Hawke’s term expires on Oct. 7, 2004.3
Five-year term; if the position becomes vacant before the term expires, the appointment may be only to
complete the unexpired term. The incumbent may continue in office after his term expires until a
successor is appointed (12 U.S.C. 1462a(c), and 31 U.S.C. 310). Seidman’s term expires on Oct. 23, 2001.4
Five-year term; if the incumbent is removed before the term expires, the President must communicate the
reasons to Congress. The incumbent may continue in office after the term expires until a successor is
appointed (31 U.S.C. 304 and 310). Johnson’s term expires on May 24, 2005.5
Ungraded senior level position with a base pay maximum at a rate equal to Executive Level IV, but base
plus locality maximum is EX-III.



Department of Veterans Affairs (DVA)
Appointment Action During 106th Congress
Days to
Nominee Position Nominated Confirmed confirm
Thomas L.Under Sec. - Health05/15/0009/08/0076
Garthwaite
John T. HansonAsst. Sec. - Public/Intergovtal. Affairs04/12/9907/01/9980
Kenneth W. KizerUnder Sec. - Health01/06/99Withdrawn 07/14/99
Edward F. MeagherAsst. Sec. - Information Technology09/19/00Returned 12/15/00
Robert M. WalkerUnder Sec. - Memorial Affairs11/10/9909/08/00207
Average number of days to confirm a nomination121
Positions and Incumbents in Department of Veterans Affairs
Positions Incumbent Level
SecretaryTogo D. West, Jr.I
Deputy Secretary1Hershel W. GoberII
Under Secretary - Benefits2Joseph ThompsonIII
Under Secretary - HealthThomas L. GarthwaiteIII
Under Secretary - Memorial AffairsRobert M. WalkerIII
Asst. Sec. - Congressional AffairsVacantIV
Asst. Sec. - Human Resources and AdministrationEugene A. BrickhouseIV
Asst. Sec./CFO - ManagementEdward A. Powell, Jr.IV
Asst. Sec. - Planning and AnalysisDennis M. DuffyIV
Asst. Sec. - Public and Intergovernmental Affairs3John T. HansonIV
Chairman - Board of Veterans’ Appeals4Eligah D. ClarkIV
Chief Financial OfficerEdward A. Powell, Jr.IV
General CounselLeigh A. BradleyIV
Inspector GeneralRichard J. GriffinIV
1 Five-year term; if the incumbent is removed before the term expires, the President must communicate the
reasons to the Senate. The incumbent may continue in office after a term expires until a successor is
appointed (17 U.S.C. 2, and 31 U.S.C. 309). Current term expires on Nov. 5, 2002.2
Four-year term; incumbent must be a medical doctor. If the incumbent is removed before the term
expires, the President must communicate the reasons for the removal to Congress (38 U.S.C. 305(a) and
(c)). Current term expires on Sept. 8, 2004.3
Six-year term; the President may remove the incumbent before a term expires only for misconduct,
inefficiency, neglect of duty, or engaging in the practice of law or for physical or mental disability (38
U.S.C. 4000(b)(1)).4
The President may designate, as chief financial officer, an officer who is confirmed for another position in the
department.



Table 5. Abbreviations of Departments
DOCDEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
DODDEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
DOEDEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
DOIDEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
DOJDEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
DOLDEPARTMENT OF LABOR
DOSDEPARTMENT OF STATE
DOTDEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
DVADEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS
EDUCDEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
HHSDEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
HUDDEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT
TREADEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY
USDADEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE