Presidential Appointments to Full-Time Positions in Executive Departments During the 107th Congress, 2001-2002

Report for Congress
Presidential Appointments to Full-Time Positions
th
in Executive Departments During the 107
Congress, 2001-2002
Updated February 10, 2003
Henry B. Hogue
Analyst in American National Government
Government and Finance Division


Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress

Presidential Appointments to Full-Time Positions in
Executive Departments During the 107th Congress,
2001-2002
Summary
During the 107th Congress, 354 nominations to executive department full-time
positions were submitted to the Senate. Of these nominations, seven were submitted
by President Clinton before he left office and were withdrawn by President Bush on
March 19, 2001. President Bush submitted 347 nominations, of which 297 were
confirmed, two were withdrawn, 35 were returned to him at the August 2001 recess,
one was returned to him at the adjournment of the first session, and 12 were returnedth
to him at the end of the 107 Congress.
President Clinton made eight recess appointments during the intersession
between the 106th and 107th Congresses, all of which expired at the end of the firstth
session of the 107 Congress. President Bush made three intersession recess
appointments to the departments, each of which expired at the end of the 107th
Congress. He made four intrasession recess appointments to the departments during
the second session of the 107th Congress, each of which expire at the end of the firstth
session of the 108 Congress.
Information for this report was compiled from data from the Senate nominations
database of the Legislative Information System [http://www.congress.gov/nomis/],
the Congressional Record (daily edition), the Weekly Compilation of Presidential
Documents, and telephone discussions with agency officials.
Related information may be found in CRS Report RL30910, Presidential
Appointments to Full-Time Positions on Regulatory and Other Collegial Boards and
Commissions, 107th Congress, by Henry B. Hogue and CRS Report RL31435,
Presidential Appointments to Full-Time Positions in Independent and Other
Agencies During the 107th Congress, by Henry B. Hogue.
This report will be not be updated.



Contents
In troduction ......................................................1
Appointments During the 107th Congress...........................1
Length of Time to Confirm a Nomination.......................2
The Appointment Process.......................................4
Selection and Nomination...................................4
Confirmation .............................................5
Appointment .............................................5
Recess Appointments...........................................6
Temporary Appointments.......................................7
Organization of this Report......................................7
Executive Department Profiles...............................7
Additional Appointment Information..........................9
Department of Agriculture (USDA)..................................10
Department of Commerce (DOC)....................................12
Department of Defense (DOD)......................................14
Department of Education (ED)......................................18
Department of Energy (DOE).......................................20
Department of Health and Human Services (HHS).......................22
Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)..................24
Department of the Interior (DOI).....................................26
Department of Justice (DOJ)........................................28
Department of Labor (DOL)........................................31
Department of State (DOS).........................................33
Department of Transportation (DOT).................................37
Department of the Treasury (TREA)..................................39
Department of Veterans Affairs (DVA)................................42
Appendix A. Nominations and Recess Appointments, 107th Congress........44th
Appendix B. Appointment Action, 107 Congress.......................55
Appendix C. Senate Recessesa for the 107th Congress....................56
Appendix D. Abbreviations of Departments............................57



Presidential Appointments to Full-Time
Positions in Executive Departments
th
During the 107 Congress, 2001-2002
Introduction1
This report provides an overview of the process for filling positions to which the
President makes appointments with the advice and consent of the Senate. It also
specifies, for the 107th Congress, all nominations to full-time positions2 in the 14
executive departments.3 A profile of each department tracks the department’s
nominations, providing information on Senate activity (i.e., confirmations, rejections,
returns to the President, and elapsed time between nomination and confirmation) as
well as further related presidential activity (i.e., withdrawals and recess
appointments). The profiles also identify, for each department, positions requiring
Senate confirmation, the incumbents in those positions, dates they were confirmed,
dates their terms expire, if applicable, and pay levels.
Appointments During the 107th Congress
During the 107th Congress, 354 nominations to executive department full-time
positions were submitted to the Senate. Of these nominations, seven were submitted
by President Clinton before he left office and were withdrawn by President Bush on
March 19, 2001. President Bush submitted 347 nominations, of which 297 were
confirmed, two were withdrawn, 35 were returned to him at the August 2001 recess,
one was returned to him at the adjournment of the first session, and 12 were returned
to him at the adjournment of the second session.


1This report was built on research by Rogelio Garcia and Henry B. Hogue. Significant
portions of the text presented here were written by Dr. Garcia for earlier versions of this
report.
2Full-time positions requiring Senate confirmation are included. Exceptions are U.S.
attorney and U.S. marshal positions in the Department of Justice; Foreign Service and
diplomatic positions in the Department of State; officer corps positions in the civilian
uniformed services of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in the
Department of Commerce, and of the Public Health Service in the Department of Health and
Human Services; and the officer corps in the military services.
3This report does not discuss the new Department of Homeland Security, which is scheduled
to come in existence during the 108th Congress. For more information on appointments to
the new department, see CRS Report RL31492, Homeland Security: Management Positions
for the New Department, by Henry B. Hogue and CRS Report RL31677, Filling
Presidentially Appointed, Senate-Confirmed Positions in the Department of Homeland
Security, by Henry B. Hogue.

President Clinton made eight recess appointments to executive departments
during the intersession between the 106th and 107th Congresses, all of which expired
at the end of the first session. Between the first and second sessions of the 107th
Congress, President Bush made three recess appointments to executive departments,
each of which expired at the end of the 107th Congress. He made four recess
appointments to the departments during recesses within the second session of the

107th Congress, each of which expire at the end of the first session of the 108th


Congress. Table 1 summarizes this appointment activity.
Table 1. Nomination and Appointment Action in the
107th Congress
Total positions337
Positions held by incumbents from a previous administration22
Nominations submitted to the Senate354
Nominations confirmed by the Senate297
Individual nominees307
Nominations returned at the August 2001 recess35
Nominations returned at the adjournment of the Senate, December 20, 20011
Nominations returned at the adjournment of the Senate, November 20, 200212
Nominations submitted by Clinton, withdrawn by Bush7
Nominations submitted and withdrawn by Bush2
Intersession recess appointments between 106th and 107th Congresses (Clinton)8
Intrasession recess appointments during the 107th Congress, 1st session0
Intersession recess appointments between first and second sessions of 107th Congress 3
Intrasession recess appointments during the 107th Congress, 2nd session4
Length of Time to Confirm a Nomination
The length of time a given nomination may be pending in the Senate varies
widely. Some nominations are confirmed within a few days, others may not be
confirmed for several months, and some are never confirmed. This report provides,
for each executive department nomination that was confirmed in the 107th Congress,
the number of days between nomination and confirmation (“days to confirm”). Some
Senate recess days are not included in this sum because Senators are unable to take
up nominations on these days. For practical reasons, only days from the longer
recesses around August and between congressional sessions are excluded. These
recesses are often longer than 30 days. This cutoff point is suggested by the Senate
rules, which provide that “if the Senate shall adjourn or take recess for more than
thirty days, all nominations pending and not finally acted upon” shall be returned to
the President, although this rule is often waived.4 The 32 days during the August

2002 recess and the 33 days between the first and second sessions of the 107th


Congress were subtracted from the “days to confirm” for those nominations that
spanned one or both recesses. No days were subtracted for the August 2001 recess,


4U.S. Congress, Senate Committee on Rules and Administration, Senate Manual, 106th
Cong., 1st sess., S.Doc. 106-1 (Washington: GPO, 1999), p. 55, Rule XXXI, paragraph 6 of
the Standing Rules of the Senate.

because, as discussed below, all pending nominations were returned prior to that
recess.
An accurate calculation of the average time the Senate took to confirm a
nomination in the 107th Congress is made more challenging by an unusual
characteristic of the session. As just noted, the Senate rules provide that all pending
nominations are to be returned to the President at the beginning of recesses of 30
days or more. Usually the Senate agrees, by unanimous consent, to waive this rule
and retain pending nominations over their recesses. Prior to the 31-day August 2001
recess, however, the Senate did not reach such an agreement, and 162 pending
nominations, 35 of which are among those covered by this report, were returned to
the President.5 The President sent forward some of these nominees again after the
recess. Those nominations were considered to be new nominations, rather than
continuations of the pre-recess nominations. As a result, when such nominations are
confirmed, the length of the confirmation process, shown in the tables of this report
as “days to confirm,” does not include any pre-recess time during which the nominee
was under consideration in the Senate. Consequently, the average is smaller than it
would be if the pre- and post-recess nomination times were added together. For
example, the mean number of days to confirm for all executive department
nominations is 46 days, but if the pre-recess days during which a nominee was under
consideration in the Senate were included for all confirmed nominees, this mean
would be 50 days. Likewise, the median “days to confirm” for all department
nominations is 36, but it would be 38 if pre-recess days were included. Footnotes for
appointment action tables for each department (below) provide figures that take such
pre-recess time into account. In general, however, comparisons between average
confirmation times from this report and those from previous reports should be made
cautiously.
The tables in this report show both the mean and median number of days. The
mean is the average as it is commonly calculated. In order to calculate the mean
“days to confirm,” for example, for each department, the “days to confirm” data for
all the confirmed nominations in the department were added together and then
divided by the number of confirmed nominations. The mean time taken by the
Senate to confirm a nomination to an executive department in the 107th Congress was
46 days, or 6 to 7 weeks. By department, the means ranged from 30 days for
Transportation and Veterans Affairs to 65 for Housing and Urban Development.


5See Sen. Harry Reid and Sen. Trent Lott, “Unanimous Consent Request — Executive
Calendar,” colloquy, Congressional Record, daily edition, vol. 147, Aug. 3, 2001, p. S8888.
Such a unanimous consent agreement was reached, however, for the recess between the firstth
and second sessions of the 107 Congress. Sen. Harry Reid, “Nominations to Remain in
Status Quo Notwithstanding the Adjournment of the Senate,” Congressional Record, daily
edition, vol. 147, Dec. 20, 2001, p. S14049. Under this agreement, only one nomination to
a full-time executive department position, Otto Reich, to be Assistant Secretary of State for
Western Hemisphere Affairs, was returned to the President. By unanimous consent, no
nominations were returned to the President prior to the 32-day August 2002 recess. Sen.
Harry Reid, “Order for Nominations,” Congressional Record, daily edition, vol. 148, Aug.

1, 2002, p. S8020.



The median is the middle number when the “days to confirm” data for all the
confirmed nominations are arranged in numerical order. Although the mean is the
more familiar kind of average, the median is included because it diminishes the
influence of a few extreme entries. For the Department of Agriculture (USDA), for
example, the mean is 41 and the median is 22. This difference is largely due to the
influence of the nomination for inspector general, which was pending in the Senate
for 213 days – more than twice as long as any other USDA nomination. In this case,
the median more accurately reflects the average number of days nominations to the
department were pending in the Senate. The median “days to confirm” for all
departments was 36 days, or about 5 weeks. This indicates that half of those
nominations confirmed spent 36 days or less pending in the Senate.
The Appointment Process
The President and the Senate share the power to appoint the principal officers
of the United States.6 The Constitution (Article II, Section 2) empowers the
President to nominate and, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to
appoint the principal officers of the United States. Three distinct stages mark the
appointment process—selection and nomination, confirmation, and appointment.
Selection and Nomination. In this stage, the President selects the nominee
and sends the nomination to the Senate. There are a number of steps in the
President’s selection of candidates for most Senate-confirmed positions. First, with
the assistance of the White House Office of Presidential Personnel, the President
selects a candidate for the position. The candidate then prepares and submits several
forms: the “Public Financial Disclosure Report” (Standard Form (SF) 278), the
“Questionnaire for National Security Positions” (SF 86), and the White House
“Personal Data Statement Questionnaire.” The Office of the Counsel to the President
oversees the clearance process, with background investigations conducted by the
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Internal Revenue Service (IRS), Office of
Government Ethics (OGE), and ethics official for the agency to which the candidate
is to be appointed. If conflicts are found during the background check, OGE and the
agency ethics officer may work with the candidate to mitigate the conflicts. Once the
Counsel has cleared the candidate, the nomination is ready to be submitted to the
Senate. The selection and vetting stage is often the longest part of the appointment
process. There can be lengthy delays, particularly if many candidates are being
processed, as they are at the beginning of an Administration, or if conflicts need to
be resolved. Candidates for higher level positions are often accorded priority in this
process.
For positions located within a state (U.S. attorney, U.S. marshal, and U.S.
district judge), the President, by custom, normally consults with the Senator or
Senators (if they are from the same party as the President) from that state prior to a
nomination. If neither Senator is from the President’s party, he usually consults with
party leaders from the state. Occasionally, the President solicits recommendations


6A succinct historical and contemporary overview of the appointment power is found in
Louis Fisher, “Appointment Powers,” in his Constitutional Conflicts between Congress andth
the President, 4 ed. (Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 1997), pp. 22-48.

from Senators of the opposition party because of their positions in the Senate. Before
making a nomination to a federal position at the state or national level, the President
must consider how it will fare in the confirmation process.
A nominee has no legal authority to assume the duties and responsibilities of the
position; the authority comes with Senate confirmation and presidential appointment.
A nominee who is hired as a consultant while awaiting confirmation may serve only
in an advisory capacity. If circumstances permit and conditions are met, the
President may give the nominee a temporary appointment under the Vacancies Act,
or a recess appointment, to the position (see below). Recess appointments may have
political consequences, however, particularly if Senators perceive that an
appointment is an effort to circumvent their constitutional role.
Confirmation. In the confirmation or second stage, the Senate alone
determines whether to approve or disapprove a nomination. The way the Senate acts
on a nomination depends largely on the importance of the position involved, existing
political circumstances, and policy implications. Generally, the Senate shows
particular interest in the nominee’s views and how they are likely to affect public7
policy. Two other factors may also affect the scrutiny with which a nominee’s
personal and professional qualities are examined: whether the President’s party
controls the Senate and the degree to which the President becomes involved in
supporting the nomination.
Although the Senate confirms most nominations, no President can safely assume
that his nominees will be approved routinely. Rarely, however, does a rejection
occur on the Senate floor. Nearly all rejections occur in committee, either by
committee vote or by committee inaction. Rejections in committee occur for a variety
of reasons, including opposition to the nomination, inadequate amount of time for
consideration of the nomination, or factors that may have nothing to do with the
merits of the nomination. The most recent study of Senate confirmation action,
which looked at the period between 1981 and 1992, found that the Senate failed to
confirm 9% of all nominations to full-time positions in the executive departments.
During the same period, 11% of nominations to independent agencies and 22% of
nominations to boards and commissions also failed.8
Appointment. In the final stage, the confirmed nominee is given a
commission signed by the President, with the seal of the United States affixed
thereto, and is sworn into office. The President may sign the commission at any time


7G. Calvin Mackenzie, The Politics of Presidential Appointments (New York: The Free
Press, 1981), pp. 97-189.
8CRS Report 93-464, Senate Action on Nominations to Policy Positions in the Executive
Branch, 1981-1992, (archived) by Rogelio Garcia. The study did not include nominations
submitted by Presidents Carter and Reagan in the last months of their administrations, or
nominations submitted within a month of the Senate’s adjournment at the end of a session.
It also excluded nominations to the judiciary, military services, Foreign Service, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Officer Corps, and Public Health Service Officer
Corps, as well as nominations to all ambassadorial, U.S. attorney, U.S. marshal, and part-
time positions.

after confirmation. Under unusual circumstances, he may not sign it at all, thus
preventing the appointment. Once the appointee is given the commission and sworn
in, he or she has full authority to carry out the responsibilities of the office.
Recess Appointments
The appointment process also enables the President to make an appointment
without Senate confirmation when the Senate is in recess, either during a session
(intrasession recess appointment) or between sessions (intersession recess
appointment). Recess appointments expire at the end of the next session of
Congress.9 Recess appointments made by President Clinton during the intersession
prior to the beginning of the 107th Congress expired at the end of the first session of
the 107th Congress. Recess appointments made by President Bush during a recess
within the first session or between the first and second sessions of the 107th Congress
expired at the end of the second session of the 107th Congress. Recess appointments
made by President Bush during a recess within the second session of the 107th
Congress or between the end of the 107th Congress and the beginning of the 108th
Congress expire at the end of the first session of the 108th Congress. Appendix C
provides a table showing the dates of the Senate recesses immediately before, during,
and immediately after the 107th Congress.
Presidents have occasionally used the recess appointment power to circumvent
the confirmation process. In response, Congress has placed restrictions on the
President’s authority to make recess appointments. Under 5 U.S.C. 5503(a), if the
position to which the President makes a recess appointment falls vacant while the
Senate is in session, the recess appointee may not be paid from the Treasury until he
or she is confirmed by the Senate. The salary prohibition does not apply: (1) if the
vacancy arose within 30 days before the end of the session; (2) if a nomination for
the office (other than the nomination of someone given a recess appointment during
the preceding recess) was pending when the Senate recessed; or (3) if a nomination
was rejected within 30 days before the end of the session and another individual was
given the recess appointment. A recess appointment falling under any one of these
three exceptions must be followed by a nomination to the position not later than 40
days after the beginning of the next session of the Senate.10 For this reason, when a
recess appointment is made, the President generally submits a new nomination for
the nominee even when an old nomination is pending.11 In addition, although recess
appointees whose nominations to a full term are subsequently rejected by the Senate
may continue to serve until the end of their recess appointment, a provision of the


9Art. II, Sec. 2, cl. 3 of the Constitution.
10Congress placed limits on payments to recess appointees as far back as 1863. The current
provisions date from 1940 (ch. 580, 54 Stat. 751, 5 U.S.C. 56, revised, and recodified at 5
U.S.C. 5503, by P.L. 89-554, 80 Stat. 475). For a legal history and overview of recess
appointments, see CRS Report 87-832, Recess Appointments: Legal Overview, by Richard
C. Ehlke (archived; contact author for more information).
11For a further discussion of recess appointments and a list of recess appointments during
the Clinton presidency, see CRS Report RS21308, Recess Appointments: Frequently Asked
Questions, by Henry B. Hogue and CRS Report RL30821, Recess Appointments Made by
President Clinton, by Rogelio Garcia.

annual Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act may prevent them
from being paid after their rejection.12
Temporary Appointments
Congress has provided limited statutory authority for the temporary filling of
vacant positions requiring Senate confirmation. It is expected that, in general,
officials holding PAS positions who have been designated as “acting” are holding the
office under this authority or other statutory authority specific to their agency. Under
the Federal Vacancies Reform Act of 1998,13 when an executive agency position
requiring confirmation becomes vacant, it may be filled temporarily in one of three
ways: (1) the first assistant to such a position may automatically assume the functions
and duties of the office; (2) the President may direct an officer in any agency who is
occupying a position requiring Senate confirmation to perform those tasks; or (3) the
President may select any officer or employee of the subject agency who is occupying
a position, for which the rate of pay is equal to or greater than the minimum rate of
pay at the GS-15 level, and who has been with the agency for at least 90 of the
preceding 365 days. The temporary appointment is for 210 days, but the time
restriction is suspended if a first or second nomination for the position is pending.
In addition, during a presidential transition, the 210-day restriction period does not
begin to run until either 90 days after the President assumes office, or 90 days after
the vacancy occurs, if it is within the 90-day inauguration period. The Act does not
apply to positions on multi-headed regulatory boards and commissions and to certain
other specific positions that may be filled temporarily under other statutory
provisions.14
Organization of this Report
Executive Department Profiles. The 14 executive department profiles
provide data on presidential nominations and appointments to full-time positions
requiring Senate confirmation, and Senate action on the nominations. Data15 on


12P.L. 107-67, Sec. 609. The provision reads, “No part of any appropriation for the current
fiscal year contained in this or any other Act shall be paid to any person for the filling of any
position for which he or she has been nominated after the Senate has voted not to approve
the nomination of said person.” This provision has been part of this annual funding activity
since at least 1950.
13P.L. 105-277, Div. C, Title I, Sec. 151; 5 U.S.C. 3345-3349d.
14For more on the Vacancies Act, see CRS Report 98-892, The New Vacancies Act:
Congress Acts to Protect the Senate’s Confirmation Prerogative, by Morton Rosenberg.
15This report was compiled from data from the Senate nominations database of the
Legislative Information System, available at [http://www.congress.gov/nomis/]; the
Congressional Record (daily edition); the Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents;
and telephone discussions with agency officials. For similar reports for previous
Congresses, see CRS Report 94-453, Presidential Appointments to Full-Time Positions inrd
Executive Departments During the 103 Congress, by Rogelio Garcia; CRS Report 97-93,
Presidential Appointments to Full-Time Positions in Executive Departments During theth

104 Congress, by Rogelio Garcia; CRS Report 98-357, Presidential Appointments to Full-


(continued...)

appointment actions during the 107th Congress appear in two tables for each
department, “Appointment Action During 107th Congress” and “Positions and
Incumbents in Department,” and are current as of January 3, 2003.
The appointment action table provides, in chronological order, information
concerning each nomination and recess appointment. It shows the name of the
nominee, position involved, date of nomination or appointment, date of confirmation,
and number of days between receipt of a nomination and confirmation. Actions other
than confirmation (i.e., nominations rejected by the Senate and nominations returned
to or withdrawn by the President) are also noted. Some nominees are nominated more
than once for the same position, either because the first nomination is returned to the
President, as discussed below, or because of a recess appointment. When a nominee
is awaiting Senate action and he or she is given a recess appointment, a second,
follow-up, nomination is usually submitted to comply with the requirements of 5
U.S.C. 5503 (b).
This table also shows, as discussed earlier, the mean and median number of days
the Senate has taken to confirm nominations in the department. These averages
should be used carefully. As discussed earlier, the Senate took the unusual step of
returning all nominations to the President prior to the August 2001 recess. Many of
those whose nominations were returned were re-nominated after the recess.
Consequently, these individuals were nominated twice, and the days that elapsed
while their first nominations were pending in the Senate are not included in the
calculation of the mean and median days to confirm a nomination. As a result, these
times are shorter than they would be otherwise. Adjusted figures are shown in the
table footnotes for comparison.
The second table of each profile identifies the department’s full-time positions
requiring Senate confirmation16 and the incumbents in those positions as of the end
of the 107th Congress. An incumbent’s name followed by “(A)” indicates an official
who is serving in an acting capacity. A blank space indicates that either the position
is vacant or current information about the position-holder was not available. The
table also includes the pay level for each position. For most presidentially appointed
positions requiring Senate confirmation, the pay levels fall under the Executive
Schedule, which ranges from level I ($171,900) for cabinet level offices to level V
($125,400) for the lowest-ranked positions.17


15(...continued)
Time Positions in Executive Departments During the 105th Congress, by Rogelio Garcia;
and CRS Report RL30476, Presidential Appointments to Full-Time Positions in Executiveth
Departments During the 106 Congress, by Rogelio Garcia.
16As noted above, the following full-time positions are not included in this report: U.S.
Attorney and U.S. Marshal positions in the Department of Justice; Foreign Service and
diplomatic positions in the Department of State; officer corps positions in the civilian
uniformed services of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in the
Department of Commerce, and of the Public Health Service in the Department of Health and
Human Services; and the officer corps in the military services.
17These are salary rates in effect as of this writing. For information on pay for federal
(continued...)

Additional Appointment Information. Appendix A presents a table of all
nominations and recess appointments to positions in executive departments,
alphabetically organized and following a similar format to that of the department
appointment action tables. It identifies the agency involved and the dates of
nomination and confirmation. The table also indicates if a nomination was
confirmed, withdrawn, returned, or rejected. The mean and median numbers of days
taken to confirm a nomination are calculated as described above.
Appendix B provides a table with summary information on appointments and
nominations by department. For each of the 14 executive departments discussed in
this report, the table provides the number of positions, nominations, individual
nominees, confirmations, nominations returned, nominations withdrawn, and recess
appointments. The table also provides the mean and median numbers of days to
confirm a nomination. For convenience, adjusted means and medians, which include
the pre-August 2001 nominations, are provided in parentheses.
A list of department abbreviations can be found in Appendix D.


17(...continued)
officials, see CRS Report 98-53, Salaries of Federal Officials: A Fact Sheet, by Sharon
Gressle.

Department of Agriculture (USDA)
Appointment Action During the 107th Congress
NomineePositionNominatedConfirmedDays toconfirma
Islam A. SiddiquiUnder Secy. - Marketing and Regulatory01/05/01Withdrawn 03/19/01b
Programs
Ann M. VenemanSecretary01/20/0101/20/011
Lou GallegosAsst. Secy. - Administration04/25/0105/22/0127
Mary K. WatersAsst. Secy. - Congressional Relations04/25/0105/22/0127
Eric M. BostUnder Secy. - Food, Nutrition and04/30/0105/22/0122
Consumer Services
William T. HawksUnder Secy. - Marketing and Regulatory04/30/0105/22/0122
Programs
Joseph J. JenUnder Secy. - Research, Education, and04/30/0107/12/0173
Economics
J. B. PennUnder Secy. - Farm and Foreign04/30/0105/22/0122
Agricultural Services
Thomas C. DorrUnder Secy. - Rural Development04/30/01Returned 08/03/01c
James R. MoseleyDeputy Secretary06/19/0107/12/0123
Hilda G. LeggAdmin. - Rural Utilities Service06/21/01Returned 08/03/01c
Mark E. ReyUnder Secy. - Natural Resources and06/21/01Returned 08/03/01c
E nvi r o n.
Elsa A. MuranoUnder Secy. - Food Safety08/03/01Returned 08/03/01c
Mark E. ReyUnder Secy. - Natural Resources and09/04/0109/26/0122
E nvi r o nme nt
Thomas C. DorrUnder Secy. - Rural Development09/04/01Returned 11/20/02d
Elsa A. MuranoUnder Secy. - Food Safety09/04/0109/26/0122
Hilda G. LeggAdmin. - Rural Utilities Service09/04/0109/26/0122
Edward R. McPhersonChief Financial Officer09/12/0109/26/0114
Nancy S. BrysonGeneral Counsel12/20/0103/22/0259
Phyllis K. FongInspector General03/14/0211/14/02213
Thomas C. DorrUnder Secy. - Rural DevelopmentRecess Appointment 08/06/02e
Thomas C. DorrUnder Secy. - Rural Development09/30/02Returned 11/20/02d
Mean number of days to confirm a nomination41
Median number of days to confirm a nomination22



a. If the number of days the first (pre-recess) nominations were pending in the Senate were included in these figures,
Reys and Leggs totals would each be 65. Muranos total would be unchanged, since no days elapsed during her
first nomination. The mean number of days to confirm a nomination for the department would then be 47. The
median would be 25.
b. Nominated by President Clinton and withdrawn by President Bush.
c. Returned to the President at the beginning of a 31-day Senate recess under the provisions of Senate Rule XXXI,
paragraph 6 of the Standing Rules of the Senate.
d. Returned to the President at the end of the 107th Congress under the provisions of Senate Rule XXXI, paragraph 6 of
the Standing Rules of the Senate. th
e. Recess appointment expires at the end of the first session of the 108 Congress.
Positions and Incumbents in the Department of Agriculture
P o sit i o ns Incumbent Lev e l
SecretaryAnn M.VenemanI
Deputy SecretaryJames R. MoseleyII
Under Secretary - Farm and Foreign Agricultural ServicesJ. B. PennIII
Under Secretary - Food, Nutrition, and Consumer ServicesEric M. BostIII
Under Secretary - Food SafetyElsa A. MuranoIII
Under Secretary - Marketing and Regulatory ProgramsWilliam T. HawksIII
Under Secretary - Natural Resources and EnvironmentMark E. ReyIII
Under Secretary - Research, Education, and EconomicsJoseph J. JenaIII
Under Secretary - Rural DevelopmentThomas C. DorrIII
Assistant Secretary - AdministrationLou GallegosIV
Assistant Secretary - Congressional RelationsbMary K. WatersIV
Chief Financial OfficerEdward R. McPhersonIV
General CounselcNancy S. BrysonIV
Inspector GeneralPhyllis K. FongIV
Administrator - Rural Utilities ServicesHilda G. LeggIV
a. Recess appointee. Appointment expires at the end of the first session of the 108th Congress.
b. The chief financial officer may be appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, or may be
designated by the President from among agency officials who have been confirmed by the Senate for another
position (31 U.S.C. 901(a)(1)).
c. The President may remove an inspector general (IG) from office, as he may remove most other appointed officials in
the departments. In the case of the IG, however, the law provides that he shall communicate the reasons for any
such removal to both Houses of Congress (5 U.S.C. Appx. § 3(b)).



Department of Commerce (DOC)
Appointment Action During the 107th Congress
Days toa
No minee P o sit io n N o mina t ed Co nf irme d confirm
James DorskindGeneral Counsel01/05/01Withdrawn 03/19/01b
Elwood Holstein, Jr. Asst. Secy. - Oceans and Atmosphere01/05/01Withdrawn 03/19/01b
Donald L. EvansSecretary01/20/0101/20/011
Kenneth I. JusterUnder Secy. - Export Administration03/15/0105/10/0156
Faryar ShirzadAsst. Secy. - Import Administration03/22/0105/01/0140
Grant D. AldonasUnder Secy. - International Trade03/29/0105/10/0142
Ad mi ni str a tio n
Brenda L. BeckerAsst. Secy. - Legislative and Governmental03/29/0105/03/0135
Affa i r s
Theodore W. KassingerGeneral Counsel04/04/0105/03/0129
Maria CinoAsst. Secy. and Director General - U.S. and04/06/0105/25/0149
Foreign Commercial Service
James J. JochumAsst. Secy. - Export Administration04/30/0105/16/0116
Bruce P. MehlmanAsst. Secy. - Technology Policy04/30/0105/25/0125
David A. SampsonAsst. Secy. - Economic Development04/30/0108/03/0195
Kathleen B. CooperUnder Secy. - Economic Affairs04/30/0105/25/0125
William H. Lash IIIAsst. Secy. - Market Access and Compliance05/08/0107/19/0172
James E. RoganUnder Secy. - Intellectual Property and05/24/01Returned 08/03/01c
Dir. - U.S. Patent and Trademark
Samuel W. BodmanDeputy Secretary06/18/0107/19/0131
Michael J. GarciaAsst. Secy. - Export Enforcement06/18/0108/03/0146
Nancy VictoryAsst. Secy. - Communications and Information06/26/0108/03/0138
Linda M. ConlinAsst. Secy. - Trade Development06/28/0108/03/0136
Otto WolffAsst. Secy. - Administration07/12/0108/03/0122
Otto WolffChief Financial Officer07/12/0108/03/0122
Phillip J. BondUnder Secy. - Technology09/04/0110/23/0149
James E. RoganUnder Secy. - Intellectual Property and09/04/0111/30/0187
Dir. - U.S. Patent and Trademark
Conrad C. Lautenbacher,Under Secy. - Oceans and Atmosphere10/16/0111/30/0145
Jr.
Arden Bement, Jr. Director - National Institute of Standards and10/23/0111/30/0138
T e c hno l o gy
Charles Louis KincannonDirector - Census11/15/0103/13/02 85
James R. MahoneyAsst. Secy. - Oceans and Atmosphere12/04/0103/22/02 75
Mean number of days to confirm a nomination44
Median number of days to confirm a nomination39
a. If the number of days Rogans first (pre-recess) nomination was pending in the Senate were included in his total, it
would be 158. The mean number of days to confirm a nomination for the department would then be 47. The
median would be unchanged.



b. Nominated by President Clinton and withdrawn by President Bush.
c. Returned to the President at the beginning of a 31-day Senate recess under the provisions of Senate Rule XXXI,
paragraph 6 of the Standing Rules of the Senate.
Positions and Incumbents in the Department of Commerce
Positionsa Incumbent Level
SecretaryDonald L. EvansI
Deputy SecretarySamuel W. BodmanII
Under Secretary - Economic AffairsKathleen B. CooperII
Under Secretary - Export AdministrationKenneth I. JusterII
Under Secretary - Intellectual Property and Dir. - Patents &James E. RoganIII
T r ademark
Under Secretary - International Trade AdministrationGrant D. AldonasIII
Under Secretary - Oceans and AtmosphereConrad C. Lautenbacher, Jr.III
Under Secretary - TechnologybPhillip J.BondIII
Asst. Secy. - Administration and Chief Financial OfficerOtto WolffIV
Asst. Secy. - Communications and InformationNancy VictoryIV
Asst. Secy. - Economic DevelopmentDavid A. SampsonIV
Asst. Secy. - Export AdministrationJames J. JochumIV
Asst. Secy. - Export EnforcementLisa A. Prager (A)IV
Asst. Secy. - Import AdministrationFaryar ShirzadIV
Asst. Secy. - Legislative and Intergovernmental AffairsBrenda L. BeckerIV
Asst. Secy. - Market Access and ComplianceWilliam H. Lash IIIIV
Asst. Secy. - Oceans and AtmosphereJames R. MahoneyIV
Asst. Secy. - Technology PolicyBruce P. MehlmanIV
Asst. Secy. - Trade DevelopmentLinda M. ConlinIV
Asst. Secy. and Dir. Gen. - U.S. and Foreign Commercial ServiceMaria CinoIV
Director - Bureau of the CensusCharles Louis KincannonIV
Director - National Institute of Standards and TechnologyArden Bement, Jr.IV
General CounselcTheodore W. KassingerdIV
Inspector GeneralJohnnie E. FrazierIV
Chief Scientist - National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationV
(A) - Acting
a. Does not include positions in the officer corps of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, except for
the chief scientist position.
b. The chief financial officer may be appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, or may be
designated by the President from among agency officials who have been confirmed by the Senate for another
position (31 U.S.C. 901(a)(1)).
c. The President may remove an inspector general (IG) from office, as he may remove most other appointed officials in
the departments. In the case of the IG, however, the law provides that heshall communicate the reasons for any
such removal to both Houses of Congress (5 U.S.C. Appx. § 3(b)).
d. The incumbent has been held over from the previous administration.



Department of Defense (DOD)
Appointment Action During the 107th Congress
NomineePositionsNominatedConfirmedDays toconfirma
Donald H. RumsfeldSecretary01/20/0101/20/011
Paul D. WolfowitzDeputy Secretary02/15/0102/28/0113
Dov S. ZakheimUnder Secy. - Comptroller03/13/0105/01/0149
Charles S. AbellAsst. Secy. - Force Management Policyb03/29/0105/03/0135
Victoria ClarkeAsst. Secy. - Public Affairs04/05/0105/17/0142
Powell A. MooreAsst. Secy. - Legislative Affairs04/23/0105/01/018
William J. Haynes IIGeneral Counsel04/23/0105/17/0124
Edward C. Aldridge, Jr.Under Secy. - Acquisition , Technology,04/23/0105/08/0115
and Logistics
Douglas J. FeithUnder Secy. - Policy04/30/0107/12/0173
David S. C. ChuUnder Secy. - Personnel and Readiness04/30/0105/26/0126
Gordon EnglandSecretary - Navy04/30/0105/22/0122
Thomas E. WhiteSecretary - Army05/01/0105/24/0123
Jack D. Crouch IIAsst. Secy. - International Security Policy05/07/0108/01/0186
James G. RocheSecretary - Air Force05/07/0105/24/0117
Susan M. LivingstoneUnder Secy. - Navy05/07/0107/19/0173
Peter W. RodmanAsst. Secy. - International Security Affairs05/14/0107/12/0159
Thomas P. ChristieDirector - Operational Testing and05/24/0107/12/0149
Evalua tio n
Diane K. MoralesDep. Under Secy. - Logistics and Materiel06/05/0107/12/0137
Readiness
Steven J. Morello, Sr.General Counsel - Army06/05/0107/12/0137
William A. Navas, Jr.Asst. Secy. - Navy - Manpower and Reserve06/07/0107/12/0135
Affa i r s
Michael Montelongo Asst. Secy. - Air Force - Financial06/12/0107/12/0130
Management and Comptroller
Reginald J. BrownAsst. Secy. - Army - Manpower and06/12/0107/12/0130
Reserve Affairs
John J. Young, Jr.Asst. Secy. - Navy - Research,06/12/0107/12/0130
Development, and Acquisition
Alberto J. Mora General Counsel - Navy06/12/0107/19/0137
Stephen A. CamboneDep. Under Secy. - Policy06/12/0107/19/0137
Michael W. WynneDep. Under Secy. - Acquisition and06/12/0107/12/0130


T e c hno l o gy

NomineePositionsNominatedConfirmedDays toconfirma
Dionel M. AvilesAsst. Secy. - Navy - Financial Management06/12/0107/12/0130
and Comptroller
Joseph E. SchmitzInspector General06/18/01Returned 08/03/01c
Michael ParkerAsst. Secy. - Army - Civil Works 06/19/01Returned 08/03/01c
H. T. JohnsonAsst. Secy. - Navy - Installations and06/28/0108/03/0136
E nvi r o nme nt
John P. StenbitAsst. Secy. - Command, Control,07/12/0108/03/0122
Communications, and Intelligence
Michael L. DominguezAsst. Secy. - Air Force - Manpower and 07/12/0108/03/0122
Reserve Affairs
Nelson F. GibbsAsst. Secy. - Air Force - Installations and07/12/0108/03/0122
E nvi r o nme nt
Mario P. FioriAsst. Secy. - Army - Installations and07/12/0108/03/0122
E nvi r o nme nt
Ronald M. SegaDirector - Defense Research and07/12/0108/03/0122
E ngi ne e r i ng
Marvin R. SamburAsst. Secy. - Air Force - Acquisition07/31/01Returned 08/03/01c
Richard B. MyersChairman - Joint Chiefs of Staff09/04/0109/26/0122
Peter PaceVice Chairman - Joint Chiefs of Staff09/04/0109/26/0122
Marvin R. SamburAsst. Secy. - Air Force - Acquisition09/04/0111/08/0165
Michael ParkerAsst. Secy. - Army - Civil Works09/04/0109/26/0122
Joseph E. SchmitzInspector General 09/04/0103/21/02 165
Michelle Van CleaveAsst. Secy. - Special Operations and Low-09/21/01Withdrawn 10/25/01
Intensity Conflict
William Winkenwerder, Jr.Asst. Secy. - Health Affairs09/21/0110/16/0125
Mary L. WalkerGeneral Counsel - Air Force09/25/0111/08/0144
Sandra L. PackAsst. Secy. - Army - Financial Management10/10/0111/08/0129
and Comptroller
Dale KleinAsst. to the Secy. - Nuclear, Chemical, and10/18/0111/08/0121
Biological Defense Programs
R. L. BrownleeUnder Secy. - Army10/30/0111/08/019
Peter B. TeetsUnder Secy. - Air Force10/30/0112/08/0139
Claude M. Bolton, Jr.Asst. Secy. - Army - Acquisitions, Logistics,11/08/0112/20/0142
and Technology
Charles S. AbellDep. Under Secy. - Personnel and03/20/0211/12/02205
Readiness
Thomas F. HallAsst. Secy. - Reserve Affairs04/22/0210/02/02131
Mean number of days to confirm a nomination41
Median number of days to confirm a nomination30



a. If the number of days the first (pre-recess) nominations were pending in the Senate were included in these figures,
Samburs total would be 68, Parker’s total would be 67, Schmitz total would be 211 and the mean number of days
to confirm a nomination for the department would be 43. The median would be unchanged.
b. P.L. 107-107, Sec. 901 created the position of Dep. Under Secy. of Personnel and Readiness and reduced the number
of assistant secretaries of defense from nine to eight. The position of Asst. Sec. for Force Management Policy was
discontinued. As shown, Charles S. Abell was nominated and confirmed first to Asst. Sec. for Force Management
Policy and later to Dep. Under Secy. of Personnel and Readiness.
c. Returned to the President at the beginning of a 31-day Senate recess under the provisions of Senate Rule XXXI,
paragraph 6 of the Standing Rules of the Senate.
Positions and Incumbents in the Department of Defense
P o sit i o ns Incumbent Lev e l
SecretaryDonald H. RumsfeldI
Deputy SecretaryPaul D. WolfowitzII
Under Secretary - Acquisition, Technology, and LogisticsaEdward C. Aldridge, Jr.II
Under Secretary - Comptroller and Chief Financial OfficerDov S. ZakheimIII
Under Secretary - PolicyDouglas J. FeithIII
Under Secretary - Personnel and ReadinessDavid S. C. ChuIII
Deputy Under Secy. - Logistics and Materiel ReadinessDiane K. MoralesIII
Deputy Under Secy. - Acquisition and TechnologyMichael W. WynneIII
Deputy Under Secy. - Policy bIV
Deputy Under Secy. - Personnel/ReadinessCharles S. Abell IV
Asst. Secy. - Command, Control, Communications, and IntelligenceJohn P. Stenbit IV
Asst. Secy. - Health AffairsWilliam Winkenwerder, Jr.IV
Asst. Secy. - Legislative AffairsPowell A. MooreIV
Asst. Secy. - International Security PolicyJack D. Crouch IIIV
Asst. Secy. - Public AffairsVictoria ClarkeIV
Asst. Secy. - Reserve AffairsThomas F. HallIV
Asst. Secy. - Special Operations and Low-Intensity ConflictIV
Asst. Secy. - International Security AffairsPeter W. RodmanIV
Director - Defense Research and EngineeringRonald M. SegaIV
Director - Operational Testing and EvaluationThomas P. ChristieIV
General CounselcWilliam J. Haynes IIIV
Inspector GeneralJoseph E. Schmitz IV
Asst. to the Secy. - Nuclear, Chemical, and Biological DefenseDale KleinV
Programs
Department of the Air Force
SecretaryJames G. RocheII
Under SecretaryPeter B. TeetsIV
Asst. Secy. - AcquisitionMarvin R. SamburIV
Asst. Secy. - Financial Management and ComptrollerMichael MontelongoIV
Asst. Secy. - Manpower, Reserve Affairs, and InstallationsMichael L. DominguezIV
Asst. Secy. - Installations and EnvironmentNelson F. GibbsIV
General CounselMary L. WalkerIV
Department of the Army
SecretaryThomas E. WhiteII
Under SecretaryR. L. BrownleeIV
Asst. Secy. - Civil WorksR. L. Brownlee (A)IV
Asst. Secy. - Financial Management and ComptrollerSandra L. PackIV
Asst. Secy. - Installations and EnvironmentMario P. FioriIV
Asst. Secy. - Manpower and Reserve AffairsReginald J. BrownIV
Asst. Secy. - Acquisition, Logistics, and TechnologyClaude M. Bolton, Jr.IV
General CounselSteven J. Morello, Sr.IV



Department of the Navy
SecretaryGordon EnglandII
Under SecretarySusan M. LivingstoneIV
Asst. Secy. - Financial Management and ComptrollerDionel M. AvilesIV
Asst. Secy. - Installations and EnvironmentH. T. JohnsonIV
Asst. Secy. - Manpower and Reserve AffairsWilliam A. Navas, Jr.IV
Asst. Secy. - Research, Development, and AcquisitionJohn J. Young, Jr.IV
General CounselAlberto J. MoraIV
Joint Chiefs of Staffd
ChairmanGeneral Richard B. Myers (Air Force)
Vice ChairmanGeneral Peter Pace (Marine Corps)
Chief of Staff (Air Force)General John P. Jumper
Chief of Staff (Army)General Eric K. Shinseki
Chief of Naval OperationsAdmiral Vernon E. Clark
Commandant of the Marine CorpsGeneral James L. Jones
(A) - Acting
a. The chief financial officer may be appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, or may be
designated by the President from among agency officials who have been confirmed by the Senate for another
position (31 U.S.C. 901(a)(1)).
b. P.L. 107-107, Sec. 901 created the position of Dep. Under Secy. of Personnel and Readiness and reduced the number
of assistant secretaries of defense from nine to eight. The position of Asst. Sec. for Force Management Policy was
discontinued. As shown, Charles S. Abell was nominated and confirmed first to Asst. Sec. for Force Management
Policy and later to Dep. Under Secy. of Personnel and Readiness.
c. The President may remove an inspector general (IG) from office, as he may remove most other appointed officials in
the departments. In the case of the IG, however, the law provides that heshall communicate the reasons for any
such removal to both Houses of Congress (5 U.S.C. Appx. § 3(b)).
d. Chairman and vice chairman serve two-year terms; other members serve four-year terms. The appointment dates for
each member are as follows: General Myers, Oct. 1, 2001; General Pace, Oct. 1, 2001; General Jumper, Sept. 6,
2001; General Shinseki, June 21, 1999; Admiral Clark, July 21, 2000; and General Jones, July 1, 1999.



Department of Education (ED)
Appointment Action During the 107th Congress
Days toa
No minee P o sit io n N o mina t ed Co nf irme d confirm
Judith A. WinstonUnder Secretary01/05/01Withdrawn 03/19/01b
Roderick R. PaigeSecretary01/20/0101/20/011
William D. Hansen Deputy Secretary04/23/0105/22/0129
Grover J. WhitehurstAsst. Secy. - Educational Research and04/30/0107/12/0173
Improvement
Brian JonesGeneral Counsel04/30/01Returned 08/03/01c
Eugene W. Hickok, Jr.Under Secretary04/30/0107/10/0171
Susan B. NeumanAsst. Secy. - Elementary and Secondary04/30/0107/12/0173
Ed ucatio n
Rebecca O. CampoverdeAsst. Secy. - Legislation and Congressional06/05/0107/12/0137
Affa i r s
Laurie RichAsst. Secy. - Intergovernmental and06/12/0107/19/0137
Interagency Affairs
Robert Pasternack Asst. Secy. - Special Education and06/21/0107/19/0128
Rehabilitative Services
Joanne M. WilsonCommissioner - Rehabilitation Services06/21/0107/19/0128
Ad mi ni str a tio n
Carol D’AmicoAsst. Secy. - Vocational and Adult06/29/0107/19/0120
Ed ucatio n
Brian JonesGeneral Counsel09/04/0109/14/0110
Gerald ReynoldsAsst. Secy. - Civil Rights09/25/01Returned 11/20/02d
Jack MartinChief Financial Officer11/05/0101/25/0248
William LeidingerAsst. Secy. - Management12/20/0102/12/0221
Sally StroupAsst. Secy. - Postsecondary Education02/11/0203/15/0232
Gerald ReynoldsAsst. Secy. - Civil RightsRecess appointment 03/29/02e
Gerald ReynoldsAsst. Secy. - Civil Rights05/16/02Returned 11/20/02d
John P. Higgins, Jr.Inspector General09/18/0211/14/0257
Mean number of days to confirm a nomination38
Median number of days to confirm a nomination32
a. If the number of days Jones’s first (pre-recess) nomination was pending in the Senate were included in these figures,
his total would be 105. The mean number of days to confirm a nomination for the department would then be 44.
The median would be 37.
b. Nominated by President Clinton and withdrawn by President Bush.
c. Returned to the President at the beginning of a 31-day Senate recess under the provisions of Senate Rule XXXI,
paragraph 6 of the Standing Rules of the Senate.th
d. Returned to the President at the end of the 107 Congress under the provisions of Senate Rule XXXI, paragraph 6 of
the Standing Rules of the Senate.



e. Recess appointment expires at the end of the first session of the 108th Congress.
Positions and Incumbents in the Department of Education
P o sit i o ns Incumbent Lev e l
SecretaryRoderick R. PaigeI
Deputy SecretaryWilliam D. HansenII
Under SecretaryaEugene W. Hickok, Jr.III
Chief Financial OfficerJack MartinIV
Asst. Secy. - ManagementWilliam LeidingerbIV
Asst. Secy. - Civil RightsGerald ReynoldsIV
Asst. Secy. - Educational Research and ImprovementGrover J. WhitehurstIV
Asst. Secy. - Elementary and Secondary EducationIV
Asst. Secy. - Intergovernmental and Interagency AffairsLaurie RichIV
Asst. Secy. - Legislation and Congressional AffairsIV
Asst. Secy. - Postsecondary EducationSally StroupIV
Asst. Secy. - Special Education and Rehabilitative ServicesRobert PasternackIV
Asst. Secy. - Vocational and Adult Education cCarol D’AmicoIV
Commissioner - Education StatisticsIV
General CounseldBrian JonesIV
Inspector GeneralJohn P. Higgins, Jr.IV
Commissioner - Rehabilitation Services AdministrationJoanne M. WilsonV
a. The chief financial officer may be appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, or may be
designated by the President from among agency officials who have been confirmed by the Senate for another
position (31 U.S.C. 901(a)(1)). th
b. Recess appointee. Appointment expires at the end of the first session of the 108 Congress.
c. Four-year fixed-term position (20 U.S.C. 9002(b)(1)).
d. The President may remove an inspector general (IG) from office, as he may remove most other appointed officials
in the departments. In the case of the IG, however, the law provides that heshall communicate the reasons for
any such removal to both Houses of Congress (5 U.S.C. Appx. § 3(b)).



Department of Energy (DOE)
Appointment Action During 107th Congress
Days to a
No minee P o sit io n N o mina t ed Co nf irme d confirm
Spencer AbrahamSecretary01/20/0101/20/011
Bruce M. CarnesChief Financial Officer04/23/0105/25/0132
Lee S. L. OtisGeneral Counsel04/25/0105/24/0129
David GarmanAsst. Secy. - Energy Efficiency and Renewable04/30/0105/25/0125
Energy
Jessie H. RobersonAsst. Secy. - Environmental Management04/30/0107/12/0173
Francis S. BlakeDeputy Secretary04/30/0105/25/0125
Robert G. CardUnder Secy. - Energy, Science, and05/02/0105/25/0123
E nvi r o nme nt
Vicky A. BaileyAsst. Secy. - International Affairs and06/05/0107/12/0137
Domestic Policy
Dan R. BrouilletteAsst. Secy. - Congressional and06/28/0108/01/0134
Intergovernmental Affairs
Theresa Director - Office of Minority Economic Impact07/10/0108/03/0124
Alvillar -Sp eake
Linton F. BrooksDep. Admin. - Defense Nuclearb07/19/01Returned 08/03/01c
Nonproliferation, NNSA
Linton F. BrooksDep. Admin. - Defense Nuclearb09/04/0110/16/0142
Nonproliferation, NNSA
Everet BecknerDep. Admin. - Defense Programs, NNSAb09/25/0101/25/02 89
Michael SmithAsst. Secy. - Fossil Energy10/02/0101/25/0282
Margaret S. Y. ChuDir. - Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste11/09/0103/06/0284
M a na ge me nt
Beverly CookAsst. Secy. - Environment, Safety, and Health11/15/0101/25/0238
Raymond L. OrbachDir. - Office of Science12/11/0103/04/0250
Guy F. CarusoAdmin. - Energy Information Administration02/05/0207/26/02171
Kyle E. McSlarrowDeputy Secretary05/01/0211/14/02165
Mean number of days to confirm a nomination57
Median number of days to confirm a nomination38
a. If the number of days Brooks’s first (pre-recess) nomination was pending in the Senate were included in these figures,
his total would be 57. The average number of days to confirm a nomination for the department would then be 58.
The median would be unchanged.
b. NNSA: National Nuclear Security Administration.
c. Returned to the President at the beginning of a 31-day Senate recess under the provisions of Senate Rule XXXI,
paragraph 6 of the Standing Rules of the Senate.



Positions and Incumbents in the Department of Energy
P o sit i o ns Incumbent Lev e l
SecretarySpencer AbrahamI
Deputy SecretaryKyle E. McSlarrowII
Under Secretary - Energy, Science, and EnvironmentaRobert G. CardIII
Under Secretary - Nuclear SecurityaLinton F. Brooks (A)III
Administrator - National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)Linton F. Brooks (A)III
Deputy Admin. - Defense Programs, NNSAEveret BecknerIV
Deputy Admin. - Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation, NNSALinton F. BrooksIV
Administrator -Energy Information AdministrationGuy F. CarusoIV
Asst. Secy. - Congressional and Intergovernmental AffairsIV
Asst. Secy. - Energy Efficiency and Renewable EnergyDavid GarmanIV
Asst. Secy. - Environment, Safety, and HealthBeverly CookIV
Asst. Secy. - Environmental ManagementJessie H. RobersonIV
Asst. Secy. - Fossil EnergyMichael SmithIV
Asst. Secy. - International Affairs and Domestic PolicyVicky A. BaileyIV
Asst. Secy. - Nuclear Energy, Science, and TechnologybIV
Chief Financial OfficerBruce M. CarnesIV
Director - Civilian Radioactive Waste ManagementMargaret S. Y. ChuIV
Director - Office of Minority Economic ImpactTheresa Alvillar-SpeakeIV
Director - Office of ScienceRaymond L. OrbachIV
General CounselcLee S. L. OtisdIV
Inspector GeneralGregory H. FreidmanIV
(A) - Acting
a. The under secretary serves as the administrator of the National Nuclear Security Administration.
b. The chief financial officer may be appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, or may be
designated by the President from among agency officials who have been confirmed by the Senate for another
position (31 U.S.C. 901(a)(1)).
c. The President may remove an inspector general (IG) from office, as he may remove most other appointed officials in
the departments. In the case of the IG, however, the law provides that heshall communicate the reasons for any
such removal to both Houses of Congress (5 U.S.C. Appx. § 3(b)).
d. The incumbent has been held over from the previous administration.



Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)
Appointment Action During the 107th Congress
Days toa
No minee P o sit io n N o mina t ed Co nf irme d confirm
Tommy G. ThompsonSecretary01/20/0101/24/014
Piyush JindalAsst. Secy. - Planning and Evaluation04/06/0105/25/0149
Wade F. HornAsst. Secy. - Children and Families04/06/0107/25/01110
Scott WhitakerAsst. Secy. - Legislation04/06/0105/01/0125
Claude A. AllenDeputy Secretary04/25/0105/26/0131
Kevin KeaneAsst. Secy. - Public Affairs04/30/0107/19/0180
Thomas ScullyAdministrator - Centers for Medicare &04/30/0105/25/0125
Medicaid Services
Janet HaleAsst. Secy. - Budget, Technology, and Finance05/22/01Returned 08/03/01b
Janet RehnquistInspector General06/05/0108/03/0159
Alex Azar IIGeneral Counsel06/07/0108/03/0157
Josefina CarbonellAsst. Secy. - Aging06/08/0108/01/0154
Joan E. OhlCommissioner - Children, Youth, and Families07/10/01Returned 08/03/01b
Janet HaleAsst. Secy. - Budget, Technology, and Finance09/04/0101/25/02 110
Joan E. OhlCommissioner - Children, Youth, and Families09/04/0101/25/02110
Charles Curie Administrator - Substance Abuse and Mental10/02/0110/25/0123
Health Services Administration
Eve SlaterAsst. Secy. - Public Health and Science12/20/0101/25/023
Elias A. ZerhouniDirector - National Institutes of Health04/29/0205/02/023
Richard H. CarmonaSurgeon General06/25/0207/23/0228
Quanah C. StampsCommissioner - Administration for Native07/09/0211/14/02 96
Americans
Mark B. McClellanCommissioner - Food and Drug Administration10/02/0210/17/0215
Mean number of days to confirm a nomination49
Median number of days to confirm a nomination40
a. If the number of days the first (pre-recess) nominations were pending in the Senate were included in these figures,
Hales total would be 183 and Ohls total would be 134. The mean number of days to confirm a nomination would
then be 54. The median would be unchanged.
b. Returned to the President at the beginning of a 31-day Senate recess under the provisions of Senate Rule XXXI,
paragraph 6 of the Standing Rules of the Senate.



Positions and Incumbents in the Department of Health and Human Services
P o sit i o ns Incumbent Lev e l
SecretaryTommy G. ThompsonI
Deputy SecretaryClaude A. AllenII
Administrator - Centers for Medicare & Medicaid ServicesThomas ScullyIV
Administrator - Substance Abuse and Mental Health ServicesCharles CurieIV
Ad mi ni str a tio n
Asst. Secy. - Administration on AgingJosefina CarbonellIV
Asst. Secy. - Administration on Children and FamiliesWade F. HornIV
Asst. Secy. - LegislationScott WhitakerIV
Asst. Secy. - Budget, Technology, and Finance and Chief FinancialaJanet HaleIV
O ffi c e r
Asst. Secy. - Planning and EvaluationPiyush JindalIV
Asst. Secy. - Public AffairsKevin KeaneIV
Asst. Secy. - Public Health and ScienceEve SlaterIV
Commissioner - Food and Drug AdministrationMark B. McClellanIV
Director - National Institutes of HealthElias A. Zerhouni IV
General CounselbAlex Azar IIIV
Inspector GeneralJanet RehnquistIV
Commissioner - Children, Youth, and FamiliesJoan E. OhlV
Commissioner - Administration for Native AmericanscQuanah C. StampsV
Director - Indian Health ServicesdCharles W. Grim (A)V
Surgeon GeneralRichard H. CarmonaNA
(A) - Acting
a. The chief financial officer may be appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, or may be
designated by the President from among agency officials who have been confirmed by the Senate for another
position (31 U.S.C. 901(a)(1)). Department representatives have indicated that positions have been combined as
noted in the table.
b. The President may remove an inspector general (IG) from office, as he may remove most other appointed officials
in the departments. In the case of the IG, however, the law provides that heshall communicate the reasons for
any such removal to both Houses of Congress (5 U.S.C. Appx. § 3(b)).
c. Four-year term of office (25 U.S.C. 1661(a) note).
d. Four-year term of office; by law, Surgeon General must be appointed from the regular corps of the Public Health
Service (42 U.S.C. 205). Carmona was confirmed by the Senate on July 23, 2002.



Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)
Appointment Action During the 107th Congress
Days toa
NomineePositionNominatedConfirmed confirm
Melquiades R. MartinezSecretary 01/20/0101/23/013
Alphonso R. JacksonDeputy Secretary04/30/0105/24/0124
Roy A. BernardiAsst. Secy. - Community Planning and04/30/0105/24/0124
Development
John C. WeicherAsst. Secy. - Housing and Federal Housing04/30/0105/24/0124
C o mmi s s r .
Richard A. HauserGeneral Counsel04/30/0105/24/0124
Angela M. AntonelliChief Financial Officer05/16/0107/12/0157
Ronald A. RosenfeldPres. - Government National Mortgage05/23/0107/12/0150
Asso c i a tio n
Michael M. F. LiuAsst. Secy. - Public and Indian Housing06/21/0108/03/0143
Melody H. FennelAsst. Secy. - Congressional and07/10/0108/03/0124
Intergovernmental Relations
Kenneth M. Donohue, Sr.Inspector General 07/25/01Returned 08/03/01b
Kenneth M. Donohue, Sr.Inspector General 09/04/0103/22/02166
Vickers B. MeadowsAsst. Secy. - Administration11/15/0103/22/0294
Diane L. TombAsst. Secy. - Public Affairs11/27/0103/22/0282
Alberto F. TrevinoAsst. Secy. - Policy Development and04/29/0211/12/02165
Research
Carolyn Y. PeoplesAsst. Secy. - Fair Housing and Equal06/07/0211/12/02126
Opportunity
Mean number of days to confirm a nomination65
Median number of days to confirm a nomination47
a. If the number of days the first (pre-recess) nominations were pending in the Senate were included in these figures,
Donohues total would be 175. The mean and median number of days to confirm a nomination would remain the
sa me .
b. Returned to the President at the beginning of a 31-day Senate recess under the provisions of Senate Rule XXXI,
paragraph 6 of the Standing Rules of the Senate.



Positions and Incumbents in the
Department of Housing and Urban Development
P o sit i o ns Incumbent Lev e l
SecretaryMelquiades R. MartinezI
Deputy SecretaryaAlphonso R. JacksonII
Director - Office of Federal Housing Enterprise OversightArmando Falcon, Jr.II
Asst. Secy. - AdministrationVickers B. MeadowsIV
Asst. Secy. - Community Planning and DevelopmentRoy A. BernardiIV
Asst. Secy. - Congressional and Intergovernmental RelationsIV
Asst. Secy. - Fair Housing and Equal OpportunityCarolyn Y. PeoplesIV
Asst. Secy. - Housing and Federal Housing CommissionerJohn C. WeicherIV
Asst. Secy. - Policy Development and ResearchAlberto F. TrevinoIV
Asst. Secy. - Public AffairsDiane L. TombIV
Asst. Secy. - Public and Indian HousingbMichael M. F. Liu IV
Chief Financial OfficerAngela M. AntonelliIV
General CounselcRichard A. HauserIV
Inspector GeneralKenneth M. Donohue, Sr. IV
President - Government National Mortgage AssociationRonald A. RosenfeldIV
a. Five-year term of office (12 U.S.C. 4512(a)(4)). Falcon was confirmed by the Senate on Sept. 29, 1999.
b. The chief financial officer may be appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, or may be
designated by the President from among agency officials who have been confirmed by the Senate for another
position (31 U.S.C. 901(a)(1)).
c. The President may remove an inspector general (IG) from office, as he may remove most other appointed officials in
the departments. In the case of the IG, however, the law provides that heshall communicate the reasons for any
such removal to both Houses of Congress (5 U.S.C. Appx. § 3(b)).



Department of the Interior (DOI)
Appointment Action During the 107th Congress
Days toa
No minee P o sit io n N o mina t ed Co nf irme d confirm
Kenneth L. SmithAsst. Secy. - Fish, Wildlife and Parks01/05/01Withdrawn 03/19/01b
Gale A. NortonSecretary01/20/0101/30/0110
J. Steven GrilesDeputy Secretary04/30/0107/12/0173
Patricia L. ScarlettAsst. Secy. - Policy, Management, and05/14/0107/12/0159
Budget
Neal A. McCalebAsst. Secy. - Indian Affairs05/22/0106/29/0138
William G. Myers IIISolicitor05/23/0107/12/0150
Bennett W. RaleyAsst. Secy. - Water and Science05/24/0107/12/0149
Frances P. MainellaDirector - National Park Service 06/14/0107/12/0128
John W. Keys IIICommissioner - Bureau of Reclamation06/14/0107/12/0128
Jeffrey D. JarrettDir. - Office of Surface Mining07/18/01Returned 08/03/01c
Reclamation and Enforcement
Harold C. MansonAsst. Secy. - Fish, Wildlife, and Parks09/04/0101/25/02110
Jeffrey D. JarrettDir. - Office of Surface Mining09/04/0101/25/02110
Reclamation and Enforcement.
Steven A. WilliamsDir. - Fish and Wildlife Service09/25/0101/29/0293
Kathleen B. ClarkeDir. - Bureau of Land Management10/18/0112/20/0163
Rebecca W. WatsonAsst. Secy. - Land and Minerals11/07/0101/25/0246
M a na ge me nt
Mean number of days to confirm a nomination58
Median number of days to confirm a nomination50
a. If the number of days the first (pre-recess) nominations were pending in the Senate were included in these figures,
Jarretts total would be 126. The mean number of days to confirm a nomination would be 59, and the median
would remain the same.
b. Nominated by President Clinton and withdrawn by President Bush.
c. Returned to the President at the beginning of a 31-day Senate recess under the provisions of Senate Rule XXXI,
paragraph 6 of the Standing Rules of the Senate.



Positions and Incumbents in the Department of the Interior
P o sit i o ns Incumbent Lev e l
SecretaryGale A. NortonI
Deputy SecretaryJ. Steven GrilesII
Asst. Secy. - Fish, Wildlife, and ParksHarold C. Manson IV
Asst. Secy. - Indian AffairsAurene M. Martin (A)IV
Asst. Secy. - Land and Minerals ManagementRebecca W. WatsonIV
Asst. Secy. - Policy, Management, and Budget and Chief FinancialbPatricia L. ScarlettIV
O ffi c e r a
Asst. Secy. - Territories and International AffairsIV
Asst. Secy. - Water and SciencecBennett W. RaleyIV
Chairman - National Indian Gaming CommissiondeIV
Inspector GeneralEarl E. DevaneyIV
SolicitorWilliam G. Myers IIIIV
Director - National Park ServiceFrances P. MainellaV
Director - Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and EnforcementJeffrey D. JarrettV
Commissioner - Bureau of ReclamationJohn W. Keys IIIV
Director - Bureau of Land ManagementKathleen B. ClarkeV
Director - U.S. Fish and Wildlife ServiceSteven A. WilliamseV
Director - U.S. Geological SurveyCharles GroatV
Special Trustee - Office of Special Trustee for American IndiansfDonna M. Erwin (A)V
Commissioner - Indian AffairsV
(A) - Acting
a. Position is unfunded and has been vacant since 1995.
b. The chief financial officer may be appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, or may be
designated by the President from among agency officials who have been confirmed by the Senate for another
position (31 U.S.C. 901(a)(1)).
c. Three-year term of office; incumbent may be removed only for neglect of duty or malfeasance in office, or for other
good cause (25 U.S.C. 704(b)).
d. The President may remove an inspector general (IG) from office, as he may remove most other appointed officials
in the departments. In the case of the IG, however, the law provides that heshall communicate the reasons for
any such removal to both Houses of Congress (5 U.S.C. Appx. § 3(b)).
e. The incumbent has been held over from the previous administration.
f. Position has been vacant since 1981. The Acting Deputy Commissioner of the Bureau of Indian Affairs is Terry
Vird en.



Department of Justice (DOJ)
Appointment Action During the 107th Congress
Days toa
No minee P o sit io n N o mina t ed Co nf irme d confirm
John AshcroftAttorney General01/29/0102/01/013
Theodore B. OlsonSolicitor General03/13/0105/24/0172
Larry D. ThompsonDeputy Attorney General03/22/0105/10/0149
Daniel J. BryantAsst. Atty. General - Legislative Affairs03/28/0105/10/0143
Charles A. James, Jr.Asst. Atty. General - Antitrust Division04/06/0106/14/0169
Viet D. DinhAsst. Atty. General - Office of Legal Policy04/23/0105/24/0131
John W. GillisDir. - Office for Victims of Crime04/30/01Returned 08/03/01b
Michael ChertoffAsst. Atty. General - Criminal Division04/30/0105/24/0124
Ralph F. Boyd, Jr.Asst. Atty. General - Civil Rights Division04/30/0107/20/0181
Robert D. McCallumAsst. Atty. General - Civil Division04/30/0108/03/0195
Thomas L. SansonettiAsst. Atty. General - Environment and Natural05/22/01Returned 08/03/01b
Reso ur ces
J. Robert FloresAdmin. - Office of Juvenile Justice and05/23/01Returned 08/03/01b
Delinquency Prevention
Sarah V. HartDir. - National Institute of Justice05/24/0108/02/0170
Eileen J. OConnorAsst. Atty. General - Tax Division05/24/0107/20/0157
Deborah J. DanielsAsst. Atty. General - Office of Justice Programs06/05/01Returned 08/03/01b
Richard R. NedelkoffDir. - Bureau of Justice Assistance06/05/01Returned 08/03/01b
James W. ZiglarCommissioner. - Immigration and Naturalization06/12/0107/31/0149
Ser vice
Asa HutchinsonAdministrator of Drug Enforcement06/12/0108/01/0150
Sharee M. FreemanDir. - Community Relations Service06/19/01Returned 08/03/01b
Robert S. Mueller IIIDir. - Federal Bureau of Investigation07/18/0108/02/0115
Jay S. BybeeAsst. Atty. General - Office of Legal Counsel08/03/01Returned 08/03/01b
Thomas L. SansonettiAsst. Atty. General - Environment and Natural09/04/0111/30/0187
Reso ur ces
Deborah J. DanielsAsst. Atty. General - Office of Justice Programs09/04/0109/21/0117
Jay S. BybeeAsst. Atty. General - Office of Legal Counsel09/04/0110/23/0149
Richard R. NedelkoffDir. - Bureau of Justice Assistance09/04/0109/14/0110
John W. GillisDir. - Office for Victims of Crime09/04/0109/14/0110
Sharee M. FreemanDir. - Community Relations Service09/04/0111/06/0163
J. Robert FloresAdmin. - Office of Juvenile Justice and09/04/0104/12/02187
Delinquency Prevention
Jay B. StephensAssociate Attorney General09/10/0111/08/0159
Juan Carlos BenitezSpecial Counsel - Immigration-Related 09/12/0111/06/0155
Unfair Employment Practices
Benigno G. ReynaDirector - U.S. Marshals Service09/12/0110/25/0143
Lawrence A. GreenfeldDirector - Bureau of Justice Statistics11/27/0107/29/02211



Days toa
No minee P o sit io n N o mina t ed Co nf irme d confirm
John B. Brown IIIDeputy Admin. - Drug Enforcement02/11/0204/12/0260
Ad mi ni str a tio n
Mean number of days to confirm a nomination 60
Median number of days to confirm a nomination 53
a. If the number of days the first (pre-recess) nominations were pending in the Senate were included, the followingdays
to confirm would change as follows: Sansonetti (158), Daniels (76), Nedelkoff (69), Gillis (105), Freeman (108)
and Flores (259). Bybee’s total would not change, since no days elapsed during the time his first nomination was
in the Senate. The mean number of days to confirm a nomination for the department would then be 75. The median
would be 60.
b. Returned to the President at the beginning of a 31-day Senate recess under the provisions of Senate Rule XXXI,
paragraph 6 of the Standing Rules of the Senate.



Positions and Incumbents in the Department of Justice
Positionsa Incumbent Level
Attorney GeneralJohn AshcroftI
Deputy Attorney GeneralbLarry D. ThompsonII
Director - Federal Bureau of InvestigationRobert S. MuellerII
Administrator of Drug EnforcementAsa HutchinsonIII
Associate Attorney GeneralPeter D. Keisler (A)III
Solicitor GeneralTheodore B. OlsonIII
Asst. Attorney General - Antitrust DivisionR. Hewitt Pate (A)IV
Asst. Attorney General - Civil DivisionRobert D. McCallumIV
Asst. Attorney General - Civil Rights DivisionRalph F. Boyd, Jr. IV
Asst. Attorney General - Criminal DivisionMichael ChertoffIV
Asst. Attorney General - Environment and Natural Resources Thomas L. SansonettiIV
Asst. Attorney General - Legislative AffairsDaniel J. BryantIV
Asst. Attorney General - Office of Justice ProgramsDeborah J. DanielsIV
Asst. Attorney General - Office of Legal CounselJay S. BybeeIV
Asst. Attorney General - Office of Legal PolicyViet D. DinhIV
Asst. Attorney General - Tax DivisionEileen J. O’ConnorIV
Administrator - Office of Juvenile Justice and DelinquencyJ. Robert FloresIV
P r evention
Commissioner - Immigration and Naturalization ServiceMichael J. Garcia (A)IV
Deputy Admin - Drug Enforcement AdministrationJohn B. Brown IV
Director - Bureau of Justice AssistanceRichard R. NedelkoffIV
Director - Bureau of Justice StatisticscLawrence A. GreenfieldIV
Director - Community Relations ServiceSharee M. FreemanIV
Director - National Institute of JusticeSarah V. HartIV
Director - Office for Victims of CrimeJohn W. GillisIV
Director - U.S. Marshals ServicedBenigno G. ReynaeIV
Inspector GeneralfGlenn FineIV
Special Counsel - Immigration-Related Unfair Employment PracticesJuan Carlos BenitezIV
(A) - Acting
a. Does not include positions of U.S. attorney and U.S. marshal. The position of chief financial officer (CFO) is also not
listed here. Although the Department of Justice is included in the statute that provides presidentially appointed and
Senate-confirmed CFOs for all of the major executive branch agencies (31 U.S.C. 901(a)(1)), this provision is
superseded by 28 U.S.C. 507. The latter section provides that the Assistant Attorney General for Administration,
appointed by the Attorney General with the approval of the President, shall be the CFO for the Department ofth
Justice. At the end of the 107 Cong., the Assistant Attorney General for Administration was Paul R. Corts. The
CFO for the Department of Justice was listed on the CFO Council Web site as Robert F. Diegelman (A).
([http://www.cfoc.gov/], visited Dec. 12, 2002).
b. Ten-year term; incumbent may not serve more than one 10-year term (28 U.S.C. 532 note). For more information on
the recent history of FBI director nominations, see CRS Report RS20963, Nomination and Confirmation of the
FBI Director: Process and Recent History, by Henry B. Hogue. Mueller was confirmed by the Senate on Aug.
2, 2001.
c. Four-year term (42 U.S.C. 2000g). Freeman was confirmed by the Senate on Nov. 6, 2001.
d. The President may remove an inspector general (IG) from office, as he may remove most other appointed officials
in the departments. In the case of the IG, however, the law provides that heshall communicate the reasons for
any such removal to both Houses of Congress (5 U.S.C. Appx. § 3(b)).
e. The incumbent has been held over from the previous administration.
f. Four-year term (8 U.S.C. 1324b(3)). Benitez was confirmed by the Senate on Nov. 6, 2001.



Department of Labor (DOL)
Appointment Action During the 107th Congress
Days toa
No minee P o sit io n N o mina t ed Co nf irme d confirm
Elaine L. ChaoSecretary01/29/0101/29/011
Christpher T. SpearAsst. Secy. - Policy04/04/0104/06/012
Kristine A. IversonAsst. Secy. - Congressional and04/05/0104/06/011
Intergovernmental Affairs
Patrick PizzellaAsst. Secy. - Administration and Management04/25/0105/09/0114
David D. LauriskiAsst. Secy. - Mine Safety and Health04/30/0105/09/019
Eugene ScaliaSolicitor 04/30/01Returned 08/03/01b
Ann L. CombsAsst. Secy. - Pension and Welfare Benefits04/30/0105/09/019
Ad mi ni str a tio n
Shinae ChunDir. - Womens Bureau04/30/0105/09/019
D. Cameron FindlayDeputy Secretary04/30/0105/25/0125
John L. HenshawAsst. Secy. - OSHA06/12/0108/03/0152
Emily S. DeRoccoAsst. Secy. - Employment and Training07/10/0108/03/0124
Ad mi ni str a tio n
Frederico Juarbe, Jr.Asst. Secy. - Veterans Employment and08/03/01Returned 08/03/01b
T r a i ni ng
Eugene ScaliaSolicitor09/04/01Returned 11/20/02c
Frederico Juarbe, Jr.Asst. Secy. - Veterans Employment and09/04/0111/08/0165
T r a i ni ng
Tammy D. McCutchenAdmin. - Wage and Hour Division09/14/0112/08/0185
W. Michael CoxAssistant Secretary10/18/01Withdrawn 11/07/01
Samuel T. MokChief Financial Officer10/18/0101/25/02 66
Eugene ScaliaSolicitorRecess appointment 01/11/02d
Eugene ScaliaSolicitor02/05/02Returned 11/20/02c
Victoria A. LipnicAsst. Secy. - Employment Standards02/27/0203/22/0223
Ad mi ni str a tio n
W. Roy Grizzard, Jr.Asst. Secy. - Disability Employment Policy03/14/0207/26/02134
Kathleen M. HarringtonAsst. Secy. - Office of Public Affairs03/20/0204/26/0237
Kathleen P. UtgoffCommissioner - Bureau of Labor Statistics03/21/0207/26/02127
Mean number of days to confirm a nomination40
Median number of days to confirm a nomination24
a. If the number of days Juarbe’s first (pre-recess) nomination was pending in the Senate was included, the “days to
confirm for his nomination would not change, because no days elapsed during the time his first nomination was
in the Senate. Consequently the mean and median also would not change.
b. Returned to the President at the beginning of a 31-day Senate recess under the provisions of Senate Rule XXXI,
paragraph 6 of the Standing Rules of the Senate.



c. Returned to the President at the end of the 107th Congress under the provisions of Senate Rule XXXI, paragraph 6 of
the Standing Rules of the Senate.
d. This recess appointment was made on Jan. 11, 2002, between the end of the first session and the beginning of thethth
second session of the 107 Congress, and it expired at the end of the 107 Congress. For further information, see
notes toPositions and Incumbents in the Department of Labor” (next table).
Positions and Incumbents in the Department of Labor
P o sit i o ns Incumbent Lev e l
SecretaryElaine L. ChaoI
Deputy SecretaryD. Cameron FindlayII
Asst. Secy. - Administration and ManagementPatrick PizzellaIV
Asst. Secy. - Congressional and Intergovernmental AffairsKristine A. IversonIV
Asst. Secy. - Employment and Training AdministrationEmily S. DeRoccoIV
Asst. Secy. - Employment Standards AdministrationVictoria A. LipnicIV
Asst. Secy. - Mine Safety and Health AdministrationDavid D. LauriskiIV
Asst. Secy. - Occupational Safety and Health AdministrationJohn L. HenshawIV
Asst. Secy. - Office of Public AffairsKathleen M. HarringtonIV
Asst. Secy. - Pension and Welfare Benefits AdministrationAnn L. CombsIV
Asst. Secy. - PolicyChristopher T. SpearIV
Asst. Secy. - Veterans’ Employment and TrainingFrederico Juarbe, Jr.IV
Asst. Secy. - Disability Employment PolicyaW. Roy Grizzard, Jr.IV
Chief Financial OfficerbSamuel T. MokIV
Commissioner - Bureau of Labor StatisticscKathleen P. UtgoffdIV
Inspector GeneralGordon S. HeddelleIV
SolicitorHoward Radzely (A)IV
Administrator - Wage and Hour DivisionfTammy D. McCutchenVg
Director - Womens BureauShinae Chun
(A) - Acting
a. The chief financial officer may be appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, or may be
designated by the President from among agency officials who have been confirmed by the Senate for another
position (31 U.S.C. 901(a)(1)).
b. Four-year term (29 U.S.C. 3).
c. The President may remove an inspector general (IG) from office, as he may remove most other appointed officials in
the departments. In the case of the IG, however, the law provides that heshall communicate the reasons for any
such removal to both Houses of Congress (5 U.S.C. Appx. § 3(b)).
d. The incumbent has been held over from the previous administration.
e. As noted in the previous table, Eugene Scalia was recess appointed to this position on Jan. 11, 2001. The recessth
appointment expired at the close of the 107 Congress. Several days before the appointment expired, Scalia was
appointed to a non-career Senior Executive Service position, Senior Advisor to the Secretary. With the position
of Solicitor technically vacant, the President then gave Scalia a temporary appointment to the position, on Nov.
22, 2002, under the provisions of the Vacancies Act (5 U.S.C. 3345(a)(3)). Under the Act, Scalia could have
served at least 210 days in this capacity. He resigned from the post on Jan. 6, 2003, and Howard Radzely became
acting solicitor on Jan. 7, 2003.
f. By statute, the incumbent must be a woman (29 U.S.C. 12).
g. Ungraded senior level position with a salary maximum equal to Executive Schedule Level IV.



Department of State (DOS)
Appointment Action During the 107th Congress
Days toa
No minee P o sit io n N o mina t ed Co nf irme d confirm
Peter F. RomeroAsst. Secy. - Inter-American Affairs01/05/01Withdrawn 03/19/01b
James F. DobbinsAsst. Secy. - European Affairs01/05/01Withdrawn 03/19/01b
Colin L. PowellSecretary01/20/0101/20/011
Marc I. GrossmanUnder Secy. - Political Affairs03/08/0103/23/0115
Richard L. ArmitageDeputy Secretary03/08/0103/23/0115
John R. BoltonUnder Secy. - Arms Control and03/08/0103/23/0115
International Security Affairs
Grant S. Green, Jr.Under Secy. - Management03/08/0103/28/0120
William H. Taft IVLegal Advisor03/08/0104/05/0128
James A. KellyAsst. Secy. - East Asian and Pacific Affairs04/03/0104/26/0123
Paula J. DobrianskyUnder Secy. - Global Affairs04/04/0104/26/0122
Lincoln P. Bloomfield, Jr.Asst. Secy. - Political and Military Affairs04/05/0105/22/0147
A. Elizabeth JonesAsst. Secy. - European and Eurasian Affairs04/23/0105/25/0132
Walter H. Kansteiner IIIAsst. Secy. - African Affairs04/30/0105/25/0125
Lorne W. CranerAsst. Secy. - Democracy, Human Rights,04/30/0105/25/0125
and Labor
William J. BurnsAsst. Secy. - Near Eastern Affairs04/30/0105/25/0125
Ruth A. DavisDirector General - Foreign Service04/30/0105/25/0125
Carl W. Ford, Jr.Asst. Secy. - Intelligence and Research04/30/0105/25/0125
Christina B. RoccaAsst. Secy. - South Asian Affairs04/30/0105/25/0125
Paul V. KellyAsst. Secy. - Legislative Affairs05/14/0105/25/0111
John D. NegroponteU.S. Representative - United Nations05/14/01Returned 08/03/01c
Pierre-Richard ProsperAmb.-at-Large - War Crimes Issues05/16/0107/11/0156
Francis X. TaylorCoordinator - Counterterrorism05/22/0107/11/0150
William A. Eaton Asst. Secy. - Administration06/05/0107/11/0136
Clark K. ErvinInspector General06/14/0108/01/0148
Roger F. NoriegaU.S. Rep. - Organization of American States06/26/0108/01/0136
Charlotte L. BeersUnder Secy. - Public Diplomacy and Public06/29/01Returned 08/03/01c
Affa i r s
Otto J. ReichAsst. Secy. - Western Hemisphere Affairs07/12/01Returned 08/03/01c
Patricia HarrisonAsst. Secy. - Educational and Cultural07/23/01Returned 08/03/01c


Affa i r s

Days toa
No minee P o sit io n N o mina t ed Co nf irme d confirm
John F. TurnerAsst. Secy. - Oceans and International07/31/01Returned 08/03/01c
Environmental and Scientific Affairs
Patricia HarrisonAsst. Secy. - Educational and Cultural09/04/0109/26/0122
Affa i r s
Charlotte L. BeersUnder Secy. - Public Diplomacy and Public09/04/0109/26/0122
Affa i r s
Otto J. ReichAsst. Secy. - Western Hemisphere Affairs09/04/01Returned 12/20/01d
John F. Turner Asst. Secy. - Oceans and International09/04/0110/30/0156
Environmental and Scientific Affairs
John D. NegroponteU.S. Representative - United Nations09/04/0109/14/0110
John S. WolfAsst. Secy. - Non-proliferation09/10/0109/26/0116
Patrick F. KennedyU.S. Alt. Rep. - U.N. Management and10/02/0110/12/0110
Re fo r m
Sichan SivU.S. Alt. Rep. - U.N. Economic and Social10/18/0111/09/0122
Co unc i l
Christopher B. BurnhamChief Financial Officer10/16/0101/25/0268
Christopher B. BurnhamAsst. Secy. - Resource Management10/30/0101/25/0254
Richard S. WilliamsonU.S. Alt. Rep. - U.N. Special Political11/01/0111/09/018
Affa i r s
John V. Hanford IIIAmb.-at-Large - International Religious11/07/0101/25/0246
Freedom
Arthur E. DeweyAsst. Secy. - Population, Refugees, and11/15/0101/25/0238
Migration Affairs
Grant S. Green, Jr.Dep. Secy. - Management and Resources12/04/01Returned 11/20/02e
Otto J. ReichAsst. Secy. - Western Hemisphere AffairsRecess appointment 01/11/02f
Otto J. ReichAsst. Secy. - Western Hemisphere Affairs02/26/02Returned 11/20/02e
Stephen G. RademakerAsst. Secy. - Arms Control03/04/0208/01/02150
Paula A. DeSutterAsst. Secy. - Verification and Compliance03/22/0208/01/02132
Kim R. HolmesAsst. Secy. - International Organizations09/03/0211/14/0272
Francis X. TaylorAsst. Secy. - Diplomatic Security and09/04/0211/12/0269
Director - Office of Foreign Missions
Maura A. HartyAsst. Secy. - Consular Affairs09/12/0211/14/0263
J. Cofer BlackAmb.-at-Large - Coordinator -10/10/0211/14/0235
Co unt er ter r o r ism
Mean number of days to confirm a nomination37
Median number of days to confirm a nomination25
a. If the number of days the first (pre-recess) nominations were pending in the Senate were included in these figures, the
following days to confirm would change as noted: Harrison (33), Beers (57), Turner (59), and Negroponte (91).



The average number of days to confirm a nomination for the department would then be 40. The median would
be 33.
b. Nominated by President Clinton and withdrawn by President Bush.
c. Returned to the President at the beginning of a 31-day Senate recess under the provisions of Senate Rule XXXI,
paragraph 6 of the Standing Rules of the Senate.
d. This nomination was one of two excepted from the unanimous-consent agreement that prevented most nominationsth
from automatically being returned to the President at the end of the first session of the 107 Congress. th
e. Returned to the President at the end of the 107 Congress under the provisions of Senate Rule XXXI, paragraph 6 of
the Standing Rules of the Senate.
f. This recess appointment was made on Jan. 11, 2002, between the end of the first session and the beginning of thethth
second session of the 107 Congress, and it expired at the end of the 107 Congress.
Positions and Incumbents in the Department of State
Positionsa Incumbent Level
Depa rt me nt
SecretaryColin L. PowellI
Deputy SecretaryRichard L. ArmitageII
Deputy Secretary - Management and ResourcesbII
Under Secy. - Economic, Business, and Agricultural AffairsAlan LarsonIII
Under Secy. - Global AffairsPaula DobrianskyIII
Under Secy. - Arms Control and International SecurityJohn R. BoltonIII
Under Secy. - ManagementGrant S. Green, Jr.III
Under Secy. - Political AffairsMarc I. GrossmanIII
Under Secy. - Public Diplomacy and Public AffairsCharlotte L. BeersIII
Ambassador-at-Large - International Religious FreedomJohn V. Hanford IIIIII
Ambassador-at-Large - Newly Independent StatesIV
Ambassador-at-Large - War CrimesPierre-Richard ProsperIV
Ambassador-at-Large - Coordinator - CounterterrorismJ. Cofer BlackIV
Asst. Secy. - AdministrationWilliam A. EatonIV
Asst. Secy. - African AffairsWalter H. Kansteiner IIIIV
Asst. Secy. - Arms ControlStephen G. RademakerIV
Asst. Secy. - Consular AffairsMaura A. HartyIV
Asst. Secy. - Democracy, Human Rights, and LaborLorne W. CranerIV
Asst. Secy. - Diplomatic Security and Director - Office of ForeignFrancis X. TaylorIV
M i ssio ns
Asst. Secy. - East Asia and Pacific AffairsJames A. KellybIV
Asst. Secy. - Economic and Business AffairsEarl A. WayneIV
Asst. Secy. - Educational and Cultural AffairsPatricia HarrisonIV
Asst. Secy. - European and Eurasian AffairsA. Elizabeth JonesIV
Asst. Secy. - Intelligence and ResearchCarl W. Ford, Jr.IV
Asst. Secy. - International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Paul Simons (A)IV
Asst. Secy. - International OrganizationsKim R. HolmesIV
Asst. Secy. - Legislative AffairsPaul V. KellyIV
Asst. Secy. - Near Eastern AffairsWilliam J. BurnsIV
Asst. Secy. - Non-proliferationJohn S. WolfIV
Asst. Secy. - Oceans and International Environmental and ScientificJohn F. TurnerIV
Affa i r s
Asst. Secy. - Political and Military AffairsLincoln P. Bloomfield, Jr.IV
Asst. Secy. - Population, Refugee, and Migration AffairsArthur E. DeweybIV
Asst. Secy. - Public AffairsRichard A. BoucherIV
Asst. Secy. - South Asian AffairsChristina B. RoccaIV
Asst. Secy. - Verification and CompliancePaula A. DeSutterIV
Asst. Secy. - Western Hemisphere AffairsIV
Asst. Secy. - Resource ManagementcChristopher B. BurnhamIV
Chief Financial OfficerChristopher B. BurnhamIV



CounselordIV
Director General - Foreign ServiceeRuth A. DavisIV
Inspector GeneralClark K. ErvinIV
Legal AdviserWilliam H. Taft IVbIV
Special Negotiator - Chemical and Biological Arms ControlDonald MahleyIV
Special Representative of PresidentIV
International Organizations
U.S. Representative - United NationsJohn D. NegroponteIIf
U.S. Representative - Organization of American StatesRoger F. NoriegabFE
U.S. Deputy Representative - United NationsJames B. Cunningham III
U.S. Alternate Representative - U.N. Economic and Social CouncilSichan SivIV
U.S. Alternate Representative - U.N. Management and ReformPatrick F. KennedyIV
U.S. Alternate Representative - U.N. Special Political AffairsRichard S. WilliamsonIV
(A) - Acting
a. Does not include chiefs of mission in overseas posts.
b. The incumbent has been held over from the previous administration.
c. The chief financial officer may be appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, or may be
designated by the President from among agency officials who have been confirmed by the Senate for another
position (31 U.S.C. 901(a)(1)).
d. By law, incumbent must be a career senior foreign service officer (22 U.S.C. 3928).
e. The President may remove an inspector general (IG) from office, as he may remove most other appointed officials in
the departments. In the case of the IG, however, the law provides that heshall communicate the reasons for any
such removal to both Houses of Congress (5 U.S.C. Appx. § 3(b)).
f. Senior Foreign Service - political appointment on a career track.



Department of Transportation (DOT)
Appointment Action During the 107th Congress
NomineePositionNominatedConfirmedDays toConfirma
Norman Y. MinetaSecretary01/24/0101/24/011
Michael P. JacksonDeputy Secretary03/08/0105/03/0156
Donna R. McLeanAsst. Secy. - Budget and Programsb04/03/0105/25/0152
Sean B. OHollarenAsst. Secy. - Governmental Affairs04/04/0105/25/0151
Allan RutterAdmin. - Federal Railroad Administration05/14/0107/19/0166
Jennifer L. DornAdmin. - Federal Transit Administration05/24/0107/12/0149
Ellen G. EnglemanAdmin. - Research and Special Programs06/07/01Returned 08/03/01c
Ad mi ni str a tio n
Kirk Van TineGeneral Counsel06/12/01Returned 08/03/01c
Jeffrey W. RungeAdmin. - National Highway Traffic Safety06/26/0108/03/0138
Ad mi ni str a tio n
Mary E. PetersAdmin. - Federal Highway Administration07/31/01Returned 08/03/01c
Joseph M. ClappAdmin. - Federal Motor Carrier Safety08/03/01Returned 08/03/01c
Ad mi ni str a tio n
Kirk Van TineGeneral Counsel09/04/0109/24/0120
Ellen G. EnglemanAdmin. - Research and Special Programs09/04/0109/21/0117
Ad mi ni str a tio n
Joseph M. ClappAdmin. - Federal Motor Carrier Safety09/04/0109/26/0122
Ad mi ni str a tio n
Mary E. PetersAdmin. - Federal Highway Administration09/04/0109/26/0122
Read Van de WaterAsst. Secy. - Aviation and International09/12/0109/21/019
Affa i r s
Emil H. FrankelAsst. Secy. - Transportation Policy09/14/01Returned 11/20/02 d
Jeffrey ShaneAssociate Deputy Secretary10/10/01Returned 11/20/02 d
William SchubertAdmin. - Maritime Administration10/18/0111/30/0143
John MagawUnder Secy. - Security12/13/0101/28/0213
John MagawUnder Secy. - SecurityRecess appointment 01/07/02e
Emil H. FrankelAsst. Secy. - Transportation PolicyRecess appointment 03/29/02e
Jeffrey ShaneAssociate Deputy SecretaryRecess appointment 03/29/02e
Emil H. FrankelAsst. Secy. - Transportation Policy05/16/02Returned 11/20/02 d
Jeffrey ShaneAssociate Deputy Secretary05/16/02Returned 11/20/02 d
Marion C. BlakeyAdmin. - Federal Aviation Administration07/26/0209/11/0215
James M. LoyUnder Secy. - Security11/14/0211/18/024
Mean number of days to confirm a nomination30
Median number of days to confirm a nomination22



a. If the number of days the first (pre-recess) nominations were pending in the Senate were included in these figures, the
following “days to confirm would change as noted: Van Tine (72), Engleman (74), Peters (25). Clapps total
would not change, since no days elapsed while his first nomination was in the Senate. The mean number of days
to confirm a nomination for the department would then be 37. The median would be 41.
b. The Senate nominations database, [http://www.congress.gov/nomis/], indicates that McLean was nominated only to
this position. Prior to her nomination, on March 7, 2001, however, the President had announced his intention to
appoint her as CFO as well (see [http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/briefings/20010307.html], visited March 26,
2001).
c. Returned to the President at the beginning of a 31-day Senate recess under the provisions of Senate Rule XXXI,
paragraph 6 of the Standing Rules of the Senate.th
d. Returned to the President at the end of the 107 Congress under the provisions of Senate Rule XXXI, paragraph 6 of
the Standing Rules of the Senate.
e. Magaw was nominated prior to his recess appointment and confirmed soon after his the appointment. His recessth
appointment would have expired at the end of the 107 Congress. The recess appointments of Frankel and Shaneth
expire at the end of the first session of the 108 Congress.
Positions and Incumbents in the Department of Transportation
P o sit i o ns Incumbent Lev e l
SecretaryNorman Y. MinetaI
Deputy SecretaryMichael P. JacksonII
Under Secretary - SecurityaJames M. LoyII
Administrator - Federal Aviation AdministrationMarion C. BlakeyII
Administrator - Federal Highway AdministrationMary E. PetersII
Administrator - Federal Motor Carrier Safety AdministrationAnnette Sandberg (A)III
Administrator - Federal Railroad AdministrationAllan RutterIII
Administrator - Federal Transit AdministrationJennifer L. DornIII
Administrator - Maritime AdministrationWilliam SchubertIII
Administrator - National Highway Traffic Safety AdministrationJeffrey W. RungeIII
Administrator - Research and Special Programs AdministrationbEllen G. EnglemanIII
Administrator - St. Lawrence Seaway Development CorporationAlbert S. JacquezIV
Asst. Secy. - Aviation and International AffairscRead Van de WaterIV
Asst. Secy. - Budget and Programs and Chief Financial OfficerDonna R. McLeanIV
Asst. Secy. - Governmental AffairsSean B. O’HollarendIV
Asst. Secy. - Transportation PolicyEmil H. FrankelIV
Deputy Administrator - Federal Aviation Administration IV
General CounseleKirk Van TinefIV
Inspector GeneralKenneth M. MeaddIV
Associate Deputy SecretarygJeffrey ShaneV
Director - Bureau of Transportation StatisticsRichard Kowalewski (A)V
(A) - Acting
a. Five-year term; incumbent may continue to serve after term expires until successor is appointed and confirmed (49
U.S.C. 106(b)). Blakey was confirmed by the Senate on Sept. 11, 2002.
b. Seven-year term; if position becomes vacant before term expires, appointment may be only to complete unexpired
term (33 U.S.C. 982(a)). Jacquez was confirmed by the Senate on July 1, 1999.
c. The chief financial officer may be appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, or may be
designated by the President from among agency officials who have been confirmed by the Senate for another
position (31 U.S.C. 901(a)(1)). See also note b from previous table.th
d. Recess appointee. Appointment expires at the end of the first session of the 108 Congress.
e. The President may remove an inspector general (IG) from office, as he may remove most other appointed officials in
the departments. In the case of the IG, however, the law provides that heshall communicate the reasons for any
such removal to both Houses of Congress (5 U.S.C. Appx. § 3(b)).
f. The incumbent has been held over from the previous administration.
g. Four-year term (49 U.S.C. 111(b)).



Department of the Treasury (TREA)
Appointment Action During the 107th Congress
NomineePositionNominatedConfirmedDays to confirma
Paul H. ONeillSecretary01/20/0101/20/011
Mark A. WeinbergerAsst. Secy. - Tax Policy02/26/0103/01/013
David AufhauserGeneral Counsel02/28/0105/26/0187
John M. DuncanDep. Under Secy. - Legislative Affairs02/28/0102/28/011
Kenneth W. DamDeputy Secretary03/08/0108/03/01148
Michele A. DavisAsst. Secy. - Public Affairs and Public03/22/0108/03/01134
Li a i s o n
John B. TaylorUnder Secy. - International Affairs04/04/0105/26/0152
Jimmy GuruleUnder Secy. - Enforcement04/30/0108/03/0195
Peter R. FisherUnder Secy. - Domestic Finance04/30/0108/03/0195
Brian C. RoseboroAsst. Secy. - Financial Markets05/14/0107/19/0166
Sheila Bair Asst. Secy. - Financial Institutions06/07/0107/19/0142
Robert C. BonnerCommissioner of Customs06/26/01Returned 08/03/01b
Rosario MarinTreasurer of the United States06/26/0108/03/0138
Henrietta H. ForeDirector of the Mint06/29/0108/03/0135
James Gilleran Director - Office of Thrift Supervision07/25/01Returned 08/03/01b
B. John Williams, Jr. Chief Counsel - IRS and Assistant General08/03/01Returned 08/03/01b
Counsel - Tax
James Gilleran Director - Office of Thrift Supervision09/04/0111/28/0185
B. John Williams, Jr. Chief Counsel - IRS and Assistant General09/04/0101/25/02110
Counsel - Tax
Robert C. BonnerCommissioner of Customs09/04/0109/19/0115
Richard ClaridaAsst. Secy. - Economic Policy10/31/0101/25/0253
Kenneth Lawson Asst. Secy. - Enforcement10/31/0103/22/02109
Edward Kingman, Jr.Asst. Secy. - Management11/15/0101/25/0238
Edward Kingman, Jr.Chief Financial Officer11/15/0101/25/0238
Randal QuarlesDep. Under Secy. - International Affairs12/05/0103/22/0274
Pamela F. OlsonAsst. Secy. - Tax Policy07/18/0209/05/0217
Wayne AbernathyAsst. Secy. - Financial Institutions08/01/0211/14/0273
Mean number of days to confirm a nomination61
Median number of days to confirm a nomination53



a. If the number of days the first (pre-recess) nominations were pending in the Senate were included in these figures,
Gillerans total would be 94 and Bonner’s total would be 53. Williams total would be unchanged, because no
days elapsed during the time his first nomination was in the Senate. The mean number of days to confirm a
nomination for the department would be 63, and the median would remain 53.
b. Returned to the President at the beginning of a 31-day Senate recess under the provisions of Senate Rule XXXI,
paragraph 6 of the Standing Rules of the Senate.
Positions and Incumbents in the Department of the Treasury
P o sit i o ns Incumbent Lev e l
SecretaryKenneth W. Dam (A)I
Deputy SecretaryaKenneth W. DamII
Commissioner of Internal RevenueRobert E. Wenzel (A)III
Commissioner of CustomsbRobert C. BonnerIII
Comptroller of the CurrencycJohn D. Hawke, Jr.III
Director - Office of Thrift SupervisionJames GilleranIII
Under Secy. - Domestic FinancePeter R. FisherIII
Under Secy. - EnforcementJimmy GuruleIII
Under Secy. - International AffairsJohn B. TaylorIII
Asst. Secy. - Economic PolicyRichard ClaridaIV
Asst. Secy. - EnforcementKenneth LawsonIV
Asst. Secy. - Financial InstitutionsWayne AbernathyIV
Asst. Secy. - Financial MarketsdBrian C. RoseboroIV
Asst. Secy. - Management and Chief Financial OfficerTeresa M. Ressel (A)IV
Asst. Secy. - Public Affairs and Public LiaisonMichele A. DavisIV
Asst. Secy. - Tax PolicyPamela F. OlsonIV
Deputy Under Secy./Asst. Secy. - International AffairsRandal QuarlesIV
Deputy Under Secy./Asst. Secy. - Legislative AffairsJohn M. DuncanIV
General CounseleDavid AufhauserfIV
Inspector GeneralJeffrey Rush, Jr.IV
Inspector General for Tax AdministrationPamela Gardiner (A)IV
Chief Counsel - IRS/Assistant General Counsel for TaxgB. John Williams, Jr.Vh
Director of the MintHenrietta H. ForeSLh
Treasurer of the United StatesRosario MarinSL
(A) - Acting
a. Five-year term; if the position becomes vacant before the term expires, the appointment may be only to complete the
unexpired term (26 U.S.C. 7803(a)(1)). The incumbent may continue in office after his term expires until a
successor is appointed and qualifies (31 U.S.C. 310).
b. Five-year term; if the incumbent is removed before the term expires, the President must communicate the reason to
the Senate. The incumbent may continue in office after his term expires until a successor is appointed (12 U.S.C.
2, and 31 U.S.C. 310). Hawke was confirmed by the Senate on Oct. 7, 1999.
c. Five-year term; if the position becomes vacant before the term expires, the appointment may be only to complete the
unexpired term. The incumbent may continue in office after his term expires until a successor is appointed (12
U.S.C. 1462a(c) and 31 U.S.C. 310). Gillerans term expired on Oct. 23, 2002.
d. The chief financial officer may be appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, or may be
designated by the President from among agency officials who have been confirmed by the Senate for another
position (31 U.S.C. 901(a)(1)).
e. The President may remove an inspector general (IG) from office, as he may remove most other appointed officials in
the departments. In the case of the IG, however, the law provides that heshall communicate the reasons for any
such removal to both Houses of Congress (5 U.S.C. Appx. § 3(b)).
f. The incumbent has been held over from the previous administration.
g. Five-year term; if the incumbent is removed before the term expires, the President must communicate the reasons to
Congress. The incumbent may continue in office after the term expires until a successor is appointed (31 U.S.C.
304 and 310). Fore was confirmed by the Senate on Aug. 3, 2001.
h. Ungraded senior level position with a base pay maximum at a rate equal to Executive Schedule Level IV, but base plus
locality maximum is Executive Schedule Level III.



Department of Veterans Affairs (DVA)
Appointment Action During the 107th Congress
Days to
No minee P o sit io n N o mina t ed Co nf irme d confirm
Anthony J. PrincipiSecretary01/20/0101/23/013
Tim S. McClainGeneral Counsel03/22/0104/06/0115
Maureen P. CraginAsst. Secy. - Public and Intergovernmental04/23/0105/24/0131
Affa i r s
Leo S. Mackay, Jr.Deputy Secretary04/30/0105/24/0124
Robin L. HigginsUnder Secy. - Memorial Affairs04/30/0105/24/0124
Gordon H. MansfieldAsst. Secy. - Congressional and Legislative04/30/0108/01/0193
Affa i r s
Jacob LozadaAsst. Secy. - Human Resources and04/30/0105/24/0124
Ad mininstr atio n
Claude M. KicklighterAsst. Secy. - Policy and Planning06/27/0108/03/0137
John A. GaussAsst. Secy. - Information and Technology07/17/0108/03/0117
Daniel L. CooperUnder Secy. - Benefits02/05/0203/22/0245
Robert H. RoswellUnder Secy. - Health02/06/0203/22/0244
William H. CampbellAsst. Secy. - Management06/06/0206/06/021
Mean number of days to confirm a nomination30
Median number of days to confirm a nomination24



Positions and Incumbents in the Department of Veterans Affairs
P o sit i o ns Incumbent Lev e l
SecretaryAnthony J. PrincipiI
Deputy SecretaryaLeo S. Mackay, Jr.II
Under Secretary - BenefitsbDaniel L. CooperIII
Under Secretary - HealthRobert H. RoswellIII
Under Secretary - Memorial AffairsS. Eric Benson (A)IV
Asst. Secy. - Congressional and Legislative AffairsGordon H. MansfieldIV
Asst. Secy. - Human Resources and AdministrationcJacob LozadaIV
Asst. Secy. - Management and Chief Financial OfficerWilliam H. CampbellIV
Asst. Secy. - Policy and PlanningClaude M. KicklighterIV
Asst. Secy. - Public and Intergovernmental AffairsThomas G. Bowman (A)IV
Asst. Secy. - Information and TechnologydJohn A. GaussIV
Chairman - Board of Veterans AppealsEligah D. ClarkIV
General CounseleTim S. McClainfIV
Inspector GeneralRichard J. GriffinIV
(A) - Acting
a. Five-year term; if the incumbent is removed before the term expires, the President must communicate the reasons to
the Senate. The incumbent may continue in office after a term expires until a successor is appointed (17 U.S.C.
2, and 31 U.S.C. 309). Cooper was confirmed by the Senate on Mar. 22, 2002.
b. Four-year term; incumbent must be a medical doctor. If the incumbent is removed before the term expires, the
President must communicate the reasons for the removal to Congress (38 U.S.C. 305(a) and (c)). Roswell was
confirmed by the Senate on Mar. 22, 2002.
c. The chief financial officer may be appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, or may be
designated by the President from among agency officials who have been confirmed by the Senate for another
position (31 U.S.C. 901(a)(1)). Department representatives have indicated that positions will be combined as
noted in the table.
d. Six-year term; the President may remove the incumbent before a term expires only for misconduct, inefficiency,
neglect of duty, or engaging in the practice of law or for physical or mental disability (38 U.S.C. 4000(b)(1)).
Clark was confirmed by the Senate on Oct. 21, 1998.
e. The President may remove an inspector general (IG) from office, as he may remove most other appointed officials in
the departments. In the case of the IG, however, the law provides that he shall communicate the reasons for any
such removal to both Houses of Congress (5 U.S.C. Appx. § 3(b)).f
The incumbent has been held over from the previous administration.



Appendix A. Nominations and Recess Appointments,
107th Congress
Nomina-Confirm-Days to
NomineePositionDept.tion dateation dateconfirm
Charles S. AbellAsst. Secy. - Force Management PolicyDOD03/29/0105/03/0135
Charles S. AbellDep. Under Secy. - Personnel and ReadinessDOD03/20/0211/12/02205
Wayne AbernathyAsst. Secy. - Financial InstitutionsTREA08/01/0211/14/0273
Spencer AbrahamSecretaryDOE01/20/0101/20/011
Grant D. AldonasUnder Secy. - International TradeDOC03/29/0105/10/0142
Ad mi ni str a tio n
Edward C. Aldridge, Jr.Under Secy. - Acquisition, Technology, andDOD04/23/0105/08/0115
Lo gistics
Claude A. AllenDeputy SecretaryHHS04/25/0105/26/0131
Theresa Alvillar-SpeakeDirector - Office of Minority Economic ImpactDOE07/10/0108/03/0124
Angela M. AntonelliChief Financial OfficerHUD05/16/0107/12/0157
Richard L. ArmitageDeputy SecretaryDOS03/08/0103/23/0115
John AshcroftAttorney GeneralDOJ01/29/0102/01/013
David AufhauserGeneral CounselTREA02/28/0105/26/0187
Dionel M. AvilesAsst. Secy. - Navy - Financial Management andDOD06/12/0107/12/0130
Co mp tr o ller
Alex Azar IIGeneral CounselHHS06/07/0108/03/0157
Vicky A. BaileyAsst. Secy. - International Affairs and DomesticDOE06/05/0107/12/0137
P o licy
Sheila BairAsst. Secy. - Financial InstitutionsTREA06/07/0107/19/0142
Brenda L. BeckerAsst. Secy. - Legislative and GovernmentDOC03/29/0105/03/0135
Affa i r s
Everet BecknerDep. Admin. - Defense Programs, NNSADOE09/25/0101/25/0289
Charlotte L. BeersUnder Secy. - Public Diplomacy and PublicDOS06/29/01Returned 08/03/01
Affa i r s
Charlotte L. BeersUnder Secy. - Public Diplomacy and PublicDOS09/04/0109/26/0122
Affa i r s
Arden Bement, Jr.Director - National Institute of Standards andDOC10/23/0111/30/0138
T e c hno l o gy
Juan Carlos BenitezSpecial Counsel - Immigration-Related UnfairDOJ09/12/0111/06/0155
Employment Practices
Roy A. BernardiAsst. Secy. - Community Planning andHUD04/30/0105/24/0124
Development
J. Cofer BlackAmb.-at-Large - Coordinator - CounterterrorismDOS10/10/0211/14/0235
Francis S. BlakeDeputy SecretaryDOE04/30/0105/25/0125
Marion C. BlakeyAdmin. - Federal Aviation AdministrationDOT07/26/0209/11/0215
Lincoln P. Bloomfield, Jr.Asst. Secy. - Political and Military AffairsDOS04/05/0105/22/0147
Samuel W. BodmanDeputy SecretaryDOC06/18/0107/19/0131
Claude M. Bolton, Jr.Asst. Secy. - Army - Acquisition, Logistics, andDOD11/08/0112/20/0142
T e c hno l o gy
John R. BoltonUnder Secy. - Arms Control and InternationalDOS03/08/0103/23/0115


Security

Nomina-Confirm-Days to
NomineePositionDept.tion dateation dateconfirm
Phillip J. BondUnder Secy. - TechnologyDOC09/04/0110/23/0149
Robert C. BonnerCommissioner of CustomsTREA06/26/01Returned 08/03/01
Robert C. BonnerCommissioner of CustomsTREA09/04/0109/19/0115
Eric M. BostUnder Secy. - Food, Nutrition, and ConsumerUSDA04/30/0105/22/0122
Services
Ralph F. Boyd, Jr.Asst. Atty. Gen. - Civil Rights DivisionDOJ04/30/0107/20/0181
Linton F. BrooksDep. Admin - Defense NuclearDOE07/19/01Returned 08/03/01
Nonproliferation, NNSA
Linton F. BrooksDep. Admin - Defense NuclearDOE09/04/0110/16/0142
Nonproliferation, NNSA
Dan R. BrouilletteAsst. Secy. - Congressional andDOE06/28/0108/01/0134
Intergovernmental Affairs
John B. Brown IIIDep. Admin. - Drug EnforcementDOJ02/11/0204/12/0260
Ad mi ni str a tio n
Reginald J. BrownAsst. Secy. - Army - Manpower and ReserveDOD06/12/0107/12/0130
Affa i r s
R. L. BrownleeUnder Secy. - ArmyDOD10/30/0111/08/019
Daniel J. BryantAsst. Atty. Gen. - Legislative AffairsDOJ03/28/0105/10/0143
Nancy S. BrysonGeneral CounselUSDA12/20/0103/22/0259
Christopher B. BurnhamChief Financial OfficerDOS10/16/0101/25/0268
Christopher B. BurnhamAsst. Secy. - Resource ManagementDOS10/30/0101/25/0254
William J. BurnsAsst. Secy. - Near Eastern AffairsDOS04/30/0105/25/0125
Jay S. BybeeAsst. Atty. Gen. - Office of Legal CounselDOJ08/03/01Returned 08/03/01
Jay S. BybeeAsst. Atty. Gen. - Office of Legal CounselDOJ09/04/0110/23/0149
Stephen A. CamboneDep. Under Secy. - PolicyDOD06/12/0107/19/0137
William H. CampbellAsst. Secy. - ManagementDVA06/06/0206/06/021
Rebecca O. CampoverdeAsst. Secy. - Legislative and CongressionalED06/05/0107/12/0137
Affa i r s
Josefina CarbonellAsst. Secy. - AgingHHS06/08/0108/01/0154
Robert G. CardUnder Secretary - Energy, Science, andDOE05/02/0105/25/0123
Environment
Richard H. CarmonaSurgeon GeneralHHS06/25/0207/23/0228
Bruce M. CarnesChief Financial OfficerDOE04/23/0105/25/0132
Guy F. CarusoAdmin. - Energy Information AdministrationDOE02/05/0207/26/02171
Elaine L. ChaoSecretaryDOL01/29/0101/29/011
Michael ChertoffAsst. Atty. Gen. - Criminal DivisionDOJ04/30/0105/24/0124
Thomas P. ChristieDirector - Operational Testing and EvaluationDOD05/24/0107/12/0149
David S. C. ChuUnder Secy. - Personnel and ReadinessDOD04/30/0105/26/0126
Margaret S. Y. ChuDir. - Office of Civilian Radioactive WasteDOE11/09/0103/06/0284
M a na ge me nt
Shinae ChunDir. - Womens BureauDOL04/30/0105/09/019
Maria CinoAsst. Secy. and Dir. Gen. of US and ForeignDOC04/06/0105/25/0149
Commercial Service
Joseph M. ClappAdmin. - Federal Motor Carrier AdministrationDOT08/03/01Returned 08/03/01
Joseph M. ClappAdmin. - Federal Motor Carrier AdministrationDOT09/04/0109/26/0122
Richard ClaridaAsst. Secy. - Economic PolicyTREA10/31/0101/25/0253



Nomina-Confirm-Days to
NomineePositionDept.tion dateation dateconfirm
Kathleen B. ClarkeDir. - Bureau of Land ManagementDOI10/18/0112/20/0163
Victoria ClarkeAsst. Secy. - Public AffairsDOD04/05/0105/17/0142
Ann L. CombsAsst. Secy. - Pension and Welfare BenefitsDOL04/30/0105/09/019
Ad mi ni str a tio n
Linda M. ConlinAsst. Secy. - Trade DevelopmentDOC06/28/0108/03/0136
Beverly CookAsst. Secy. - Environment, Safety, and HealthDOE11/15/0101/25/02 38
Daniel L. CooperUnder Secy. - BenefitsDVA02/05/0203/22/0245
Kathleen B. CooperUnder Secy. - Economic AffairsDOC04/30/0105/25/0125
W. Michael CoxAssistant Secretary DOL10/18/01Withdrawn 11/07/01
Maureen P. CraginAsst. Secy. - Public and IntergovernmentalDVA04/23/0105/24/0131
Affa i r s
Lorne W. CranerAsst. Secy. - Democracy, Human Rights, andDOS04/30/0105/25/0125
Labor
Jack D. Crouch IIAsst. Secy. - International Security PolicyDOD05/07/0108/01/0186
Charles CurieAdmin. - Substance Abuse and Mental HealthHHS10/02/0110/25/0123
Services Administration
Kenneth W. DamDeputy SecretaryTREA03/08/0108/03/01148
Carol DAmicoAsst. Secy. - Vocational and Adult EducationED06/29/0107/19/0120
Deborah J. DanielsAsst. Atty. Gen. - Office of Justice ProgramsDOJ06/05/01Returned 08/03/01
Deborah J. DanielsAsst. Atty. Gen. - Office of Justice ProgramsDOJ09/04/0109/21/0117
Michele A. DavisAsst. Secy. - Public Affairs and Public LiaisonTREA03/22/0108/03/01134
Ruth A. DavisDirector General - Foreign ServiceDOS04/30/0105/25/0125
Emily S. DeRoccoAsst. Secy. - Employment and TrainingDOL07/10/0108/03/0124
Ad mi ni str a tio n
Paula A. DeSutterAsst. Secy. - Verification and ComplianceDOS03/22/0208/01/02132
Arthur E. DeweyAsst. Secy. - Population, Refugees, andDOS11/15/0101/25/0238
Migration Affairs
Viet D. DinhAsst. Atty. Gen. - Office of Legal Policy DOJ04/23/0105/24/0131
James F. DobbinsAsst. Secy. - European AffairsDOS01/05/01Withdrawn 03/19/01
Paula J. DobrianskyUnder Secy. - Global AffairsDOS04/04/0104/26/0122
Michael L. DominguezAsst. Secy. - Air Force - Manpower andDOD07/12/0108/03/0122
Reserve Affairs
Kenneth M. Donohue, Sr.Inspector GeneralHUD07/25/01Returned 08/03/01
Kenneth M. Donohue, Sr.Inspector GeneralHUD09/04/0103/22/02 166
Jennifer L. DornAdministrator - Federal Transit AdministrationDOT05/24/0107/12/0149
Thomas C. DorrUnder Secy. - Rural DevelopmentUSDA04/30/01Returned 08/03/01
Thomas C. DorrUnder Secy. - Rural DevelopmentUSDA09/04/01Returned 11/20/02
Thomas C. DorrUnder Secy. - Rural DevelopmentUSDARecess Appointment 08/06/02
Thomas C. DorrUnder Secy. - Rural DevelopmentUSDA09/30/02Returned 11/20/02
James DorskindGeneral CounselDOC01/05/01Withdrawn 03/19/01
John M. DuncanDep. Under Secy. - Legislative AffairsTREA02/28/0102/28/011
William A. EatonAsst. Secy. - AdministrationDOS06/05/0107/11/0136
Gordan EnglandSecretary - NavyDOD04/30/0105/22/0122



Nomina-Confirm-Days to
NomineePositionDept.tion dateation dateconfirm
Ellen G. EnglemanAdmin. - Research and Special ProgramsDOT06/07/01Returned 08/03/01
Ad mi ni str a tio n
Ellen G. EnglemanAdmin. - Research and Special ProgramsDOT09/04/0109/21/0117
Ad mi ni str a tio n
Clark K. ErvinInspector GeneralDOS06/14/0108/01/0148
Donald L. EvansSecretaryDOC01/20/0101/20/011
Douglas J. FeithUnder Secy. - PolicyDOD04/30/0107/12/0173
Melody H. FennelAsst. Secy. - Congressional andHUD07/10/0108/03/0124
Intergovernmental Relations
D. Cameron FindlayDeputy SecretaryDOL04/30/0105/25/0125
Mario P. FioriAsst. Secy. - Army - Installations andDOD07/12/0108/03/0122
E nvi r o nme nt
Peter R. FisherUnder Secy. - Domestic FinanceTREA04/30/0108/03/0195
J. Robert FloresAdmin. - Office of Juvenile Justice andDOJ05/23/01Returned 08/03/01
Delinquency Prevention
J. Robert FloresAdmin. - Office of Juvenile Justice andDOJ09/04/0104/12/02187
Delinquency Prevention
Phyllis K. FongInspector GeneralUSDA03/14/0211/14/02213
Carl W. Ford, Jr.Asst. Secy. - Intelligence and ResearchDOS04/30/0105/25/0125
Henrietta H. ForeDirector of the MintTREA06/29/0108/03/0135
Emil H. FrankelAsst. Secy. - Transportation PolicyDOT09/14/01Returned 11/20/02
Emil H. FrankelAsst. Secy. - Transportation PolicyDOTRecess appointment 03/29/02
Emil H. FrankelAsst. Secy. - Transportation PolicyDOT05/16/02Returned 11/20/02
Sharee M. FreemanDir. - Community Relations ServiceDOJ06/19/01Returned 08/03/01
Sharee M. FreemanDir. - Community Relations ServiceDOJ09/04/0111/06/0163
Lou GallegosAsst. Secy. - AdministrationUSDA04/25/0105/22/0127
Michael J. GarciaAsst. Secy. - Export EnforcementDOC06/18/0108/03/0146
David GarmanAsst. Secy. - Energy Efficiency and RenewableDOE04/30/0105/25/0125
Energy
John A. GaussAsst. Secy. - Information and TechnologyDVA07/17/0108/03/0117
Nelson F. GibbsAsst. Secy. - Air Force - Installations andDOD07/12/0108/03/0122
E nvi r o nme nt
James GilleranDirector - Office of Thrift SupervisionTREA07/25/01Returned 08/03/01
James GilleranDirector - Office of Thrift SupervisionTREA09/04/0111/28/0185
John W. GillisDir. - Office for Victims of CrimeDOJ04/30/01Returned 08/03/01
John W. GillisDir. - Office for Victims of CrimeDOJ09/04/0109/14/0110
Grant S. Green, Jr.Under Secy. - ManagementDOS03/08/0103/28/0120
Grant S. Green, Jr.Dep. Secy. - Management and ResourcesDOS12/04/01Returned 11/20/02
Lawrence A. GreenfeldDirector - Bureau of Justice StatisticsDOJ11/27/0107/29/02211
J. Steven GrilesDeputy SecretaryDOI04/30/0107/12/0173
W. Roy Grizzard, Jr.Asst. Secy. - Disability Employment PolicyDOL03/14/0207/26/02134
Marc I. GrossmanUnder Secy. - Political AffairsDOS03/08/0103/23/0115
Jimmy GuruleUnder Secy. - EnforcementTREA04/30/0108/03/0195



Nomina-Confirm-Days to
NomineePositionDept.tion dateation dateconfirm
Janet HaleAsst. Secy. - Budget, Technology, and FinanceHHS05/22/01Returned 08/03/01
Janet HaleAsst. Secy. - Budget, Technology, and FinanceHHS09/04/0101/25/02110
Thomas F. HallAsst. Secy. - Reserve AffairsDOD04/22/0210/02/02131
John V. Hanford IIIAmb.-at-Large - International ReligiousDOS11/07/0101/25/0246
Freedom
William D. HansenDeputy SecretaryED04/23/0105/22/0129
Kathleen M. HarringtonAsst. Secy. - Office of Public AffairsDOL03/20/0204/26/0237
Patricia HarrisonAsst. Secy. - Educational and Cultural AffairsDOS07/23/01Returned 08/03/01
Patricia HarrisonAsst. Secy. - Educational and Cultural AffairsDOS09/04/0109/26/0122
Sarah V. HartDir. - National Institute of JusticeDOJ05/24/0108/02/0170
Maura A. HartyAsst. Secy. - Consular AffairsDOS09/12/0211/14/0263
Richard A. HauserGeneral CounselHUD04/30/0105/24/0124
William T. HawksUnder Secy. - Marketing and RegulatoryUSDA04/30/0105/22/0122
Programs
William J. Haynes IIGeneral CounselDOD04/23/0105/17/0124
John L. HenshawAsst. Secy. - OSHADOL06/12/0108/03/0152
Eugene W. Hickok, Jr.Under Secretary ED04/30/0107/10/0171
John P. Higgins, Jr.Inspector General ED09/18/0211/14/0257
Robin L. HigginsUnder Secy. - Memorial AffairsDVA04/30/0105/24/0124
Kim R. HolmesAsst. Secy. - International OrganizationsDOS09/03/0211/14/0272
Elwood Holstein, Jr.Asst. Secy. - Oceans and AtmosphereDOC01/05/01Withdrawn 03/19/01
Wade F. HornAsst. Secy. - Family SupportHHS04/06/0107/25/01110
Asa HutchinsonAdministrator of Drug EnforcementDOJ06/12/0108/01/0150
Kristine A. IversonAsst. Secy. - Congressional andDOL04/05/0104/06/011
Intergovernmental Affairs
Alphonso R. JacksonDeputy SecretaryHUD04/30/0105/24/0124
Michael P. JacksonDeputy SecretaryDOT03/08/0105/03/0156
Charles A. James, Jr.Asst. Atty. Gen. - Antitrust DivisionDOJ04/06/0106/14/0169
Jeffrey D. JarrettDir. - Office of Surface Mining ReclamationDOI07/18/01Returned 08/03/01
and Enforcement
Jeffrey D. JarrettDir. - Office of Surface Mining ReclamationDOI09/04/0101/25/02110
and Enforcement
Joseph J. JenUnder Secy. - Research, Education, andUSDA04/30/0107/12/0173
Economics
Piyush JindalAsst. Secy. - Planning and EvaluationHHS04/06/0105/25/0149
James J. JochumAsst. Secy. - Export AdministrationDOC04/30/0105/16/0116
H. T. JohnsonAsst. Secy. - Navy - Installations andDOD06/28/0108/03/0136
E nvi r o nme nt
A. Elizabeth JonesAsst. Secy. - European and Eurasian AffairsDOS04/23/0105/25/0132
Brian JonesGeneral CounselED04/30/01Returned 08/03/01
Brian JonesGeneral CounselED09/04/0109/14/0110
Frederico Juarbe, Jr.Asst. Secy. - Veterans Employment andDOL08/03/01Returned 08/03/01
T r a i ni ng
Frederico Juarbe, Jr.Asst. Secy. - Veterans Employment andDOL09/04/0111/08/0165


T r a i ni ng

Nomina-Confirm-Days to
NomineePositionDept.tion dateation dateconfirm
Kenneth I. JusterUnder Secy. - Export AdministrationDOC03/15/0105/10/0156
Walter H. Kansteiner IIIAsst. Secy. - African AffairsDOS04/30/0105/25/0125
Theodore W. KassingerGeneral CounselDOC04/04/0105/03/0129
Kevin KeaneAsst. Secy. - Public AffairsHHS04/30/0107/19/0180
James A. KellyAsst. Secy. - East Asian and Pacific AffairsDOS04/03/0104/26/0123
Paul V. Kelly Asst. Secy. - Legislative AffairsDOS05/14/0105/25/0111
Patrick F. KennedyU.S. Alt. Rep. - U.N. Management and ReformDOS10/02/0110/12/0110
John W. Keys IIICommissioner - Bureau of ReclamationDOI06/14/0107/12/0128
Claude M. KicklighterAsst. Secy. - Policy and PlanningDVA06/27/0108/03/0137
Charles Louis KincannonDirector - CensusDOC11/15/0103/13/02 85
Edward Kingman, Jr.Asst. Secy. - Chief Financial OfficerTREA11/15/0101/25/0238
Edward Kingman, Jr.Asst. Secy. - ManagementTREA11/15/0101/25/0238
Dale KleinAsst. to the Secy. - Nuclear, Chemical, andDOD10/18/0111/08/0121
Biological Defense Programs
William H. Lash IIIAsst. Secy. - Market Access and ComplianceDOC05/08/0107/19/0172
David D. LauriskiAsst. Secy. - Mine Safety and HealthDOL04/30/0105/09/019
Conrad C. Lautenbacher,Under Secy. - Oceans and AtmosphereDOC10/16/0111/30/0145
Jr.
Kenneth LawsonAsst. Secy. - EnforcementTREA10/31/0103/22/02109
Hilda G. LeggAdmin. - Rural Utilities ServiceUSDA06/21/01Returned 08/03/01
Hilda G. LeggAdmin. - Rural Utilities ServiceUSDA09/04/0109/26/0122
William LeidingerAsst. Secy. - ManagementED12/20/0102/12/02 21
Victoria A. LipnicAsst. Secy. - Employment StandardsDOL02/27/0203/22/0223
Ad mi ni str a tio n
Michael M. F. LiuAsst. Secy. - Public and Indian HousingHUD06/21/0108/03/0143
Susan M. LivingstoneUnder Secy. - NavyDOD05/07/0107/19/0173
James M. LoyUnder Secy. - SecurityDOT11/14/0211/18/024
Jacob LozadaAsst. Secy. - Human Resources andDVA04/30/0105/24/0124
Ad mi ni str a tio n
Leo S. Mackay, Jr.Deputy SecretaryDVA04/30/0105/24/0124
John MagawUnder Secy. - SecurityDOT12/13/0101/28/0213
John MagawUnder Secy. - SecurityDOTRecess Appointment 01/07/02
James R. MahoneyAsst. Secy. - Oceans and AtmosphereDOC12/04/0103/22/02 75
Frances P. MainellaDirector - National Park ServiceDOI06/14/0107/12/0128
Gordon H. MansfieldAsst. Secy. - Congressional and LegislativeDVA04/30/0108/01/0193
Affa i r s
Harold C. MansonAsst. Secy. - Fish, Wildlife, and ParksDOI09/04/0101/25/02 110
Rosario MarinTreasurer of the United StatesTREA06/26/0108/03/0138
Jack MartinChief Financial OfficerED11/05/0101/25/02 48
Melquiades R. MartinezSecretaryHUD01/20/0101/23/013
Neal A. McCalebAsst. Secy. - Indian AffairsDOI05/22/0106/29/0138
Robert D. McCallumAsst. Atty. Gen. - Civil DivisionDOJ04/30/0108/03/0195
Tim S. McClainGeneral CounselDVA03/22/0104/06/0115



Nomina-Confirm-Days to
NomineePositionDept.tion dateation dateconfirm
Mark B. McClellanCommissioner - Food and Drug AdministrationHHS10/02/0210/17/0215
Tammy D. McCutchenAdmin. - Wage and Hour DivisionDOL09/14/0112/08/0185
Donna R. McLeanAsst. Secy. - Budget and ProgramsDOT04/03/0105/25/0152
Edward R. McPhersonChief Financial OfficerUSDA09/12/0109/26/0114
Kyle E. McSlarrowDeputy SecretaryDOE05/01/0211/14/02165
Vickers B. MeadowsAsst. Secy. - AdministrationHUD11/15/0103/22/0294
Bruce P. MehlmanAsst. Secy. - Technology PolicyDOC04/30/0105/25/0125
Norman Y. MinetaSecretaryDOT01/24/0101/24/011
Samuel T. MokChief Financial OfficerDOL10/18/0101/25/0266
Michael MontelongoAsst. Secy. - Air Force - Financial ManagementDOD06/12/0107/12/0130
and Comptroller
Powell A. MooreAsst. Secy. - Legislative AffairsDOD04/23/0105/01/018
Alberto J. MoraGeneral Counsel - NavyDOD06/12/0107/19/0137
Diane K. MoralesDep. Under Secy. - Logistics and MaterielDOD06/05/0107/12/0137
Readiness
Steven J. Morello, Sr.General Counsel - ArmyDOD06/05/0107/12/0137
James R. MoseleyDeputy SecretaryUSDA06/19/0107/12/0123
Robert S. Mueller IIIDir. - Federal Bureau of InvestigationDOJ07/18/0108/02/0115
Elsa A. MuranoUnder Secy. - Food SafetyUSDA08/03/01Returned 08/03/01
Elsa A. MuranoUnder Secy. - Food SafetyUSDA09/04/0109/26/0122
Richard B. MyersChairman - Joint Chiefs of StaffDOD09/04/0109/26/0122
William G. Myers IIISolicitorDOI05/23/0107/12/0150
William A. Navas, Jr.Asst. Secy. - Navy - Manpower and ReserveDOD06/07/0107/12/0135
Affa i r s
Richard R. NedelkoffDir. - Bureau of Justice AssistanceDOJ06/05/01Returned 08/03/01
Richard R. NedelkoffDir. - Bureau of Justice AssistanceDOJ09/04/0109/14/0110
John D. NegroponteU.S. Representative - United NationsDOS05/14/01Returned 08/03/01
John D. NegroponteU.S. Representative - United NationsDOS09/04/0109/14/0110
Susan B. NeumanAsst. Secy. - Elementary and SecondaryED04/30/0107/12/0173
Ed ucatio n
Roger F. NoriegaU.S. Rep. - Organization of American StatesDOS06/26/0108/01/0136
Gale A. NortonSecretaryDOI01/20/0101/30/0110
Eileen J. OConnorAsst. Atty. Gen. - Tax DivisionDOJ05/24/0107/20/0157
Joan E. OhlCommissioner - Children, Youth, and FamiliesHHS07/10/01Returned 08/03/01
Joan E. OhlCommissioner - Children, Youth, and FamiliesHHS09/04/0101/25/02110
Sean B. OHollarenAsst. Secy. - Governmental AffairsDOT04/04/0105/25/0151
Pamela F. OlsonAsst. Secy. - Tax PolicyTREA07/18/0209/05/0217
Theodore B. OlsonSolicitor GeneralDOJ03/13/0105/24/0172
Paul H. ONeillSecretaryTREA01/20/0101/20/011
Raymond L. OrbachDir. - Office of ScienceDOE12/11/0103/04/02 50
Lee S. L. OtisGeneral CounselDOE04/25/0105/24/0129
Peter PaceVice Chairman - Joint Chiefs of StaffDOD09/04/0109/26/0122



Nomina-Confirm-Days to
NomineePositionDept.tion dateation dateconfirm
Sandra L. PackAsst. Secy. - Army - Financial Management andDOD10/10/0111/08/0129
Co mp tr o ller
Roderick R. PaigeSecretaryED01/20/0101/20/011
Michael ParkerAsst. Secy. - Army - Civil WorksDOD06/19/01Returned 08/03/01
Michael ParkerAsst. Secy. - Army - Civil WorksDOD09/04/0109/26/0122
Robert PasternackAsst. Secy. - Special Education andED06/21/0107/19/0128
Rehabilitation Services
J. B. PennUnder Secy. - Farm and Foreign AgriculturalUSDA04/30/0105/22/0122
Ser vice
Carolyn Y. PeoplesAsst. Secy. - Fair Housing and EqualHUD06/07/0211/12/02126
Opportunity
Mary E. PetersAdmin. - Federal Highway AdministrationDOT07/31/01Returned 08/03/01
Mary E. PetersAdmin. - Federal Highway AdministrationDOT09/04/0109/26/0122
Patrick PizzellaAsst. Secy. - Administration and ManagementDOL04/25/0105/09/0114
Colin L. PowellSecretaryDOS01/20/0101/20/011
Anthony J. PrincipiSecretaryDVA01/20/0101/23/013
Pierre-Richard ProsperAmb.-at-Large - War Crimes IssuesDOS05/16/0107/11/0156
Randal QuarlesDep. Under Secy. - International AffairsTREA12/05/0103/22/0274
Stephen G. RademakerAsst. Secy. - Arms ControlDOS03/04/0208/01/02150
Bennett W. RaleyAsst. Secy. - Water and ScienceDOI05/24/0107/12/0149
Janet RehnquistInspector GeneralHHS06/05/0108/03/0159
Otto J. ReichAsst. Secy. - Western Hemisphere AffairsDOS07/12/01Returned 08/03/01
Otto J. ReichAsst. Secy. - Western Hemisphere AffairsDOS09/04/01Returned 12/20/01
Otto J. ReichAsst. Secy. - Western Hemisphere AffairsDOSRecess Appointment, 01/11/02
Otto J. ReichAsst. Secy. - Western Hemisphere AffairsDOS02/26/02Returned 11/20/02
Mark E. ReyUnder Secy. - Natural Resources andUSDA06/21/01Returned 08/03/01
E nvi r o nme nt
Mark E. ReyUnder Secy. - Natural Resources andUSDA09/04/0109/26/0122
E nvi r o nme nt
Benigno G. ReynaDirector - U.S. Marshals ServiceDOJ09/12/0110/25/0143
Gerald ReynoldsAsst. Secy. - Civil RightsED09/25/01Returned 11/20/02
Gerald ReynoldsAsst. Secy. - Civil RightsEDRecess appointment 03/29/02
Gerald ReynoldsAsst. Secy. - Civil RightsED05/16/02Returned 11/20/02
Laurie RichAsst. Secy. - Intergovernmental and InteragencyED06/12/0107/19/0137
Affa i r s
Jessie H. RobersonAsst. Secy. - Environmental ManagementDOE04/30/0107/12/0173
Christina B. RoccaAsst. Secy. - South Asian AffairsDOS04/30/0105/25/0125
James G. RocheSecretary - Air ForceDOD05/07/0105/24/0117
Peter W. RodmanAsst. Secy. - International Security AffairsDOD05/14/0107/12/0159
James E. RoganUnder Secy. - Intellectual Property and DirectorDOC05/24/01Returned 08/03/01
U.S. Patent & Trademark
James E. RoganUnder Secy. - Intellectual Property and DirectorDOC09/04/0111/30/0187
U.S. Patent & Trademark
Peter F. RomeroAsst. Secy. - Inter-American AffairsDOS01/05/01Withdrawn 03/19/01
Brian C. RoseboroAsst. Secy. - Financial MarketsTREA05/14/0107/19/0166



Nomina-Confirm-Days to
NomineePositionDept.tion dateation dateconfirm
Ronald A. RosenfeldPres. - Government National MortgageHUD05/23/0107/12/0150
Asso c i a tio n
Robert H. RoswellUnder Secy. - HealthDVA02/06/0203/22/0244
Donald H. RumsfeldSecretaryDOD01/20/0101/20/011
Jeffrey W. RungeAdmin. - National Highway Traffic SafetyDOT06/26/0108/03/0138
Ad mi ni str a tio n
Allan RutterAdministrator - Federal RailroadDOT05/14/0107/19/0166
Ad mi ni str a tio n
Marvin R. SamburAsst. Secy. - Air Force - AcquisitionDOD07/31/01Returned 08/03/01
Marvin R. SamburAsst. Secy. - Air Force - AcquisitionDOD09/04/0111/08/0165
David A. SampsonAsst. Secy. - Economic DevelopmentDOC04/30/0108/03/0195
Thomas L. SansonettiAsst. Atty. Gen. - Environment and NaturalDOJ05/22/01Returned 08/03/01
Reso ur ces
Thomas L. SansonettiAsst. Atty. Gen. - Environment and NaturalDOJ09/04/0111/30/0187
Reso ur ces
Eugene ScaliaSolicitorDOL04/30/01Returned 08/03/01
Eugene ScaliaSolicitorDOL09/04/01Returned 11/20/02
Eugene ScaliaSolicitorDOLRecess Appointment 01/11/02
Eugene ScaliaSolicitorDOL02/05/02Returned 11/20/02
Patricia L. ScarlettAsst. Secy. - Policy, Management, and BudgetDOI05/14/0107/12/0159
Joseph E. SchmitzInspector GeneralDOD06/18/01Returned 08/03/01
Joseph E. SchmitzInspector GeneralDOD09/04/0103/21/02 165
William SchubertAdmin. - Maritime AdministrationDOT10/18/0111/30/0143
Thomas ScullyAdmin. - Centers for Medicare & MedicaidHHS04/30/0105/25/0125
Services
Ronald M. SegaDirector - Defense Research and EngineeringDOD07/12/0108/03/0122
Jeffrey ShaneAssociate Deputy SecretaryDOT10/10/01Returned 11/20/02
Jeffrey ShaneAssociate Deputy SecretaryDOTRecess appointment 03/29/02
Jeffrey ShaneAssociate Deputy SecretaryDOT05/16/02Returned 11/20/02
Faryar ShirzadAsst. Secy. - Import AdministrationDOC03/22/0105/01/0140
Islam A. SiddiquiUnder Secy. - Marketing and RegulatoryUSDA01/05/01Withdrawn 03/19/01
Programs
Sichan SivU.S. Alt. Rep. - U.N. Economic and SocialDOS10/18/0111/09/0122
Co unc i l
Eve SlaterAsst. Secy. - Public Health and ScienceHHS12/20/0101/25/023
Kenneth L. SmithAsst. Secy. - Fish, Wildlife, and ParksDOI01/05/01Withdrawn 03/19/01
Michael SmithAsst. Secy. - Fossil EnergyDOE10/02/0101/25/02 82
Christopher T. SpearAsst. Secy. - PolicyDOL04/04/0104/06/012
Quanah C. StampsCommissioner - Administration for NativeHHS07/09/0211/14/0296
Americans
John P. StenbitAsst. Secy. - Command, Control,DOD07/12/0108/03/0122
Communications, and Intelligence
Jay B. StephensAssociate Attorney GeneralDOJ09/10/0111/08/0159
Sally StroupAsst. Secy. - Postsecondary EducationED02/11/0203/15/0232
William H. Taft IVLegal AdvisorDOS03/08/0104/05/0128



Nomina-Confirm-Days to
NomineePositionDept.tion dateation dateconfirm
Francis X. TaylorAmb.-at-Large - Coordinator - CounterterrorismDOS05/22/0107/11/0150
Francis X. TaylorAsst. Secy. - Diplomatic Security and ForeignDOS09/04/0211/12/0269
M i ssio ns
John B. TaylorUnder Secy. - International AffairsTREA04/04/0105/26/0152
Peter B. TeetsUnder Secy. - Air ForceDOD10/30/0112/08/0139
Larry D. ThompsonDeputy Attorney GeneralDOJ03/22/0105/10/0149
Tommy G. ThompsonSecretaryHHS01/20/0101/24/014
Diane L. TombAsst. Secy. - Public AffairsHUD11/27/0103/22/0282
Alberto F. TrevinoAsst. Secy. - Policy Development and ResearchHUD04/29/0211/12/02165
John F. TurnerAsst. Secy. - Oceans and InternationalDOS07/31/01Returned 08/03/01
Environmental and Scientific Affairs
John F. TurnerAsst. Secy. - Oceans and InternationalDOS09/04/0110/30/0156
Environmental and Scientific Affairs
Kathleen P. UtgoffCommissioner - Bureau of Labor StatisticsDOL03/21/0207/26/02127
Michelle Van CleaveAsst. Secy. - Special Operations and LowDOD09/21/01Withdrawn 10/25/01
Intensity Conflict
Read Van de WaterAsst. Secy. - Aviation and International AffairsDOT09/12/0109/21/019
Kirk Van TineGeneral CounselDOT06/12/01Returned 08/03/01
Kirk Van TineGeneral CounselDOT09/04/0109/24/0120
Ann M. VenemanSecretaryUSDA01/20/0101/20/011
Nancy VictoryAsst. Secy. - Communications and InformationDOC06/26/0108/03/0138
Mary L. WalkerGeneral Counsel - Air ForceDOD09/25/0111/08/0144
Mary K. WatersAsst. Secy. - Congressional Relations USDA04/25/0105/22/0127
Rebecca W.WatsonAsst. Secy. - Land and Minerals ManagementDOI11/07/0101/25/0246
John C. WeicherAsst. Secy. - Housing and Federal HousingHUD04/30/0105/24/0124
C o mmi s s i o n e r
Mark A. WeinbergerAsst. Secy. - Tax PolicyTREA02/26/0103/01/013
Scott WhitakerAsst. Secy. - LegislationHHS04/06/0105/01/0125
Thomas E. WhiteSecretary - ArmyDOD05/01/0105/24/0123
Grover J. WhitehurstAsst. Secy. - Education Research andED04/30/0107/12/0173
Improvement
B. John Williams, Jr.Chief Counsel IRS/Asst. Gen. Counsel for TaxTREA08/03/01Returned 08/03/01
B. John Williams, Jr.Chief Counsel IRS/Asst. Gen. Counsel for TaxTREA09/04/0101/25/02110
Steven A. WilliamsDir. - Fish and Wildlife ServiceDOI09/25/0101/29/0293
Richard S. WilliamsonU.S. Alt. Rep. - U.N. Special Political AffairsDOS11/01/0111/09/018
Joanne M. WilsonCommissioner - Rehabilitative ServicesED06/21/0107/19/0128
Ad mi ni str a tio n
William Winkenwerder, Jr.Asst. Secy. - Health AffairsDOD09/21/0110/16/0125
Judith A. WinstonUnder Secretary ED01/05/01Withdrawn 03/19/01
John S. Wolf Asst. Secy. - NonproliferationDOS09/10/0109/26/0116
Otto WolffAsst. Secy. - AdministrationDOC07/12/0108/03/0122
Otto WolffChief Financial Officer DOC07/12/0108/03/0122
Paul D. WolfowitzDeputy SecretaryDOD02/15/0102/28/0113



Nomina-Confirm-Days to
NomineePositionDept.tion dateation dateconfirm
Michael W. WynneDep. Under Secy. - Acquisition and TechnologyDOD06/12/0107/12/0130
John J. Young, Jr.Asst. Secy. - Navy - Research, Development,DOD06/12/0107/12/0130
and Acquisition
Dov S. ZakheimUnder Secy. - ComptrollerDOD03/13/0105/01/0149
Elias A. ZerhouniDirector - National Institutes of HealthHHS04/29/0205/02/023
James W. ZiglarCommissioner - Immigration and NaturalizationDOJ06/12/0107/31/0149
Ser vice
Mean number of days to confirma46
Median number of days to confirma36
a. If the pre-recess days during which a nominee was under consideration in the Senate were included for all confirmed nominees,
the mean number of days to confirm would be 50, and the median would be 38. Please see page 2 of this report regarding
the calculation of this number.



CRS-54
Appendix B. Appointment Action, 107th Congress
RecessMeandays toMediandays to
P ositions Nominations Indi vi dualNom i ne e s Conf i r m a t i ons Ret urned W i t hdraw n Appoi n t m e nt s conf irm a conf irm a
(Bush) ( a dj ust e d) (adj usted)
riculture1521161461141 (47)22 (25)
merce2527252412044 (47)39 (39)

5151474731041 (43)30 (30)


1719171531138 (44)32 (37)


y2119181810057 (58)38 (38)
an1920181820049 (54)40 (40)
iki/CRS-RL31346ices
g/w and Urban1515141410065 (65)47 (47)
s.ore lopment
leakterior1915141311058 (59)50 (50)
://wikistice2733262670060 (75)53 (60)
http1922191741140 (40)24 (24)

5050414082137 (40)25 (33)


ansportation2124181680330 (37) 22 (41)
easury2426222330061 (63)53 (53)
eterans Affairs1412121200030 (30)24 (24)

337354307297489746 (50)36 (38)


hese two columns show, respectively, the mean and median number of days to confirm for all confirmed nominations for each department. The totals at the bottoms of the twoth
columns are the means and medians for all confirmed nominations in all departments for the 107 Congress. If the number of days the first (pre-Aug. 2001 recess) nominations
were pending in the Senate were included in these figures, the means and medians would be adjusted as shown in parentheses.



Appendix C. Senate Recessesa for the 107th
Congress
Date RecessedDate ReconvenedNumber of Daysb
Recessed
The first session of 107th Congress convened on 01/03/01.
01/08/01 01/20/01 11
02/15/01 02/26/01 10
04/06/01 04/23/01 16
05/26/01 06/05/01 9
06/29/01 07/09/01 9
08/03/01 09/04/01 31
10/18/01 10/23/01 4
11/16/01 11/27/01 10
The Senate adjourned sine die on 12/20/01. The second session of 107th Congress
convened 01/23/02. The intersession (period between these two dates) was 33 days
long.
01/29/02 02/04/02 5
02/15/02 02/25/02 9
03/22/02 04/08/02 16
05/23/02 06/03/02 10
06/28/02 07/08/02 9
08/01/02 09/03/02 32
The Senate adjourned sine die on 11/20/02. The first session of the 108th Congress
convened on 01/07/03. The intersession (period between these two dates) was 47
days long.
a. Includes all recesses of 4 days or longer as indicated in the Senate “Days-in-Session Calendars
Web site at [http://thomas.loc.gov/home/ds/index.html#senate], visited Feb. 3, 2002.
b. In this table, the number of days recessed includes all those days between the date recessed and the
date reconvened.



Appendix D. Abbreviations of Departments
DOCDepartment of Commerce
DODDepartment of Defense
DOEDepartment of Energy
DOIDepartment of the Interior
DOJDepartment of Justice
DOLDepartment of Labor
DOSDepartment of State
DOTDepartment of Transportation
DVADepartment of Veterans Affairs
EDDepartment of Education
HHSDepartment of Health and Human Services
HUDDepartment of Housing and Urban Development
TREADepartment of the Treasury
USDADepartment of Agriculture