Legislative, Executive, and Judicial Officials: Process for Adjusting Pay and Current Salaries

^Pr^ep^ar^{ed f}^o^r^M^e^m^b^ers^an^d^Com^mⁱ^t^t^ees^of^C^ong^r^e^ss

Leaders and Members of the Senate and the House of Representatives, the Vice President,
individuals in positions on the Executive Schedule (EX), and federal justices and judges—all
hereafter referred to as federal officials—are to receive an annual pay adjustment under the Ethics
Reform Act of 1989, P.L. 101-194 (103 Stat. 1716, at 1769, 5 U.S.C. §5318 note). The percentage
change in the wages and salaries for the private industry workers element of the Employment
Cost Index (ECI), minus 0.5% (December indicator), provides the basis for the pay adjustment. In
January 2009, legislative and executive officials received a 2.8% salary increase. Justices and
judges have not received the pay adjustment because Congress has not authorized the salary
increase as required by law. Section 140 of P.L. 97-92, enacted on December 15, 1981, provides
that any salary increase for justices and judges must be specifically authorized by Congress. P.L.

110-329, the Consolidated Security, Disaster Assistance, and Continuing Appropriations Act,

2009 (H.R. 2638), enacted on September 30, 2008, which provides funds for government
operations from October 1, 2008, through March 6, 2009, does not include the authorization.
The 110^th Congress considered, but did not enact, legislation that would have adjusted the pay of
federal justices and judges. The Federal Judicial Salary Restoration Act of 2008, S. 1638, as
reported, amended, and H.R. 3753, as ordered to be reported, amended, would have authorized
pay increases of 28.7%-28.8% over January 2008 salaries to district court judges, courts of
appeals judges, Court of International Trade judges, Associate Justices of the Supreme Court, and
the Chief Justice of the United States. The bills also would have repealed the provision of law that
requires Congress to specifically authorize any salary increases for justices and judges and
amended current law to provide that justices and judges would receive the same percentage pay
adjustment as is authorized each year for base pay under the General Schedule. S. 2353, the Fair
Judicial Compensation Act of 2007, would have authorized a 16.5% pay increase over January
2008 salaries to district court judges, courts of appeals judges, Court of International Trade
judges, Associate Justices, and the Chief Justice. The House Committee on the Judiciary ordered
H.R. 3753 to be reported, as amended, on a 28 to 5 vote on December 12, 2007. During a
December 13, 2007, markup, the Senate Committee on the Judiciary, by voice vote, agreed to an
amendment that was offered by Senator Dianne Feinstein to amend S. 1638 to provide the same
compensation provisions as H.R. 3753. The committee resumed consideration of S. 1638 on
January 31, 2008, and ordered the bill to be reported, as amended, on a 10 to 7 vote the same day.
The committee reported S. 1638 (S.Rept. 110-277) on April 1, 2008. S.Con.Res. 70, the
Concurrent Resolution on the Budget for FY2009, as agreed to by the House and Senate, included
a provision at Section 229 on a deficit-neutral reserve fund for judicial pay.
EX pay rates provide limitations on maximum basic pay rates for Members of the Senior
Executive Service (SES), employees in senior-level (SL) and scientific and professional (ST)
positions, and on basic pay, basic pay and locality pay combined, and total compensation for
employees in General Schedule (GS) positions. This report will be updated as events dictate.

Legislative, Executive, and Judicial Officials.................................................................................1
Pay Adjustments Since 1991.....................................................................................................1 ^th
Judicial Pay Bills in the 110 Congress..............................................................................8 ^th
Concurrent Resolution on the Budget for FY2009 (110 Congress)..................................9
Senior Executive Service and Certain Senior-Level Positions........................................................9
Basic Pay Limitation for SL and ST Positions...................................................................11
General Schedule GS-15 Positions................................................................................................13
Table 1. Legislative, Executive, and Judicial Salaries, January 2004 to January 2009.................4
Table 2. Senior Executive Service (SES) Pay...............................................................................10
Table 3. Pay for Senior-Level (SL) and Scientific and Professional (ST) Employees..................12
Table 4. Pay for General Schedule Grade GS-15..........................................................................15
Author Contact Information..........................................................................................................16

A provision in the Ethics Reform Act of 1989 provides for an annual salary adjustment for leaders
and Members of the Senate and House of Representatives, the Vice President, individuals in ¹
positions on the Executive Schedule (EX), and federal justices and judges. The adjustment is
based on the percentage change in the wages and salaries (not seasonally adjusted) for the private
industry workers element of the Employment Cost Index (ECI), minus 0.5% (December ²
indicator). It becomes effective at the same time as, and at a rate no greater than, the annual base ³
pay rate adjustment for federal white-collar civilian employees under the General Schedule (GS). ⁴
The adjustment cannot, however, be less than zero or greater than 5%. While this provision of
the Ethics Reform Act sets the rate of the judicial pay adjustment, a 1981 law provides that any
salary increase for justices and judges must be “specifically authorized by Act of Congress ⁵
hereafter enacted.”
The legislative, executive, and judicial officials are all hereafter referred to as federal officials in
this report.
Since the enactment of the Ethics Reform Act, federal officials have received pay adjustments as
follow:

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Adjustment was 3.6%.⁶ P.L. 101-520, Title III, §321, November 5, 1990; 104 Stat. 2254, at 2285,
authorized the judicial pay adjustment.
Adjustment was 3.5%. P.L. 102-140, Title III, §305, October 28, 1991; 105 Stat. 782, at 810,
authorized the judicial pay adjustment.
Adjustment was 3.2%. P.L. 102-395, Title III, §304, October 6, 1992; 106 Stat. 1828, at 1859,
authorized the judicial pay adjustment.
Projected adjustment was 2.1%. Congress passed legislation freezing salaries for Members of
Congress (P.L. 103-6, §7, March 4, 1993; 107 Stat. 33, at 35). Federal officials did not receive a
pay adjustment because GS base pay was not adjusted (P.L. 103-123, §517B, §615, October 28,

1993; 107 Stat. 1226, at 1253-1254, 1261-1263).

Projected adjustment was 2.6%, but would have been limited to GS base pay adjustment of 2.0%.
Federal officials did not receive a pay adjustment (P.L. 103-329, §630(a)(2), September 30, 1994;

108 Stat. 2382, at 2424).

Projected adjustment was 2.3%, but would have been limited to GS base pay adjustment of 2.0%.
Federal officials did not receive a pay adjustment (P.L. 104-52, §633, November 19, 1995; 109
Stat. 468, at 507).
Projected adjustment was 2.3%. Federal officials did not receive a pay adjustment (P.L. 104-208,
§637, September 30, 1996; 110 Stat. 3009, at 3009-364).

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Projected adjustment was 2.9%. Adjustment was 2.3%, the same as the GS base pay adjustment.
P.L. 105-119, Title III, §306, November 26, 1997; 111 Stat. 2440, at 2493, authorized the judicial
pay adjustment.
Projected adjustment was 3.4%, but would have been limited to GS base pay adjustment of 3.1%.
Federal officials did not receive a pay adjustment (P.L. 105-277, §621, October 21, 1998; 112
Stat. 2681, at 2681-518).
Adjustment was 3.4%. P.L. 106-113, Div. B, §1000(a)(1) [Title III, §304], November 29, 1999;

113 Stat. 1501, at 1535, 1501A-36-A37, authorized the judicial pay adjustment.

Projected adjustment was 3.0%. Adjustment was 2.7%, the same as the GS base pay adjustment.
P.L. 106-553, §1(a)(2) [Title III, §309], December 21, 2000; 114 Stat. 2762 at, 2762A-89,
authorized the judicial pay adjustment.
Adjustment was 3.4%. P.L. 107-77, Title III, §305, November 28, 2001; 115 Stat. 748, at 783,
authorized the judicial pay adjustment.
Projected adjustment was 3.3%. Adjustment was 3.1%, the same as the GS base pay adjustment.
P.L. 108-6, §1, February 13, 2003; 117 Stat. 10, authorized the judicial pay adjustment.
Adjustment was 2.2%. Adjusted temporarily at 1.5% pending enactment of P.L. 108-199. P.L.

108-167, §1, December 6, 2003; 117 Stat. 2031, authorized the judicial pay adjustment.

Adjustment was 2.5%. P.L. 108-447, §306, December 8, 2004; 118 Stat. 2809, at 2895, authorized
the judicial pay adjustment.
Adjustment was 1.9%. P.L. 109-115, §405, November 30, 2005; 119 Stat. 2396, at 2470
authorized the judicial pay adjustment.

Projected adjustment was 2.0%. Adjustment was 1.7%, the same as the GS base pay adjustment.
The Vice President and individuals on the EX schedule received the 1.7% pay increase. Section ⁷
115 of P.L. 110-5 denied the Members a pay adjustment in 2007. Justices and judges did not
receive a pay adjustment because Congress did not authorize it as required by law. S. 197, to
provide the authorization, passed the Senate by unanimous consent on January 8, 2007, and was ⁸
referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary, but no further action occurred.
Projected adjustment was 2.7%. Adjustment was 2.5%, the same as the GS base pay adjustment.
P.L. 110-161, Division D, §305, December 26, 2007; 121 Stat. 1844 authorized the judicial pay
adjustment.
Adjustment was 2.8%⁹. Justices and judges have not received the pay adjustment because
Congress has not authorized the salary increase as required by law.
Table 1, below, shows the salaries for federal officials from January 2004 to January 2009.
Table 1. Legislative, Executive, and Judicial Salaries,
January 2004 to January 2009
^January^January^January^January^January^January
^Position²⁰⁰⁴²⁰⁰⁵²⁰⁰⁶²⁰⁰⁷²⁰⁰⁸²⁰⁰⁹
^Legislati^{ve Branch}
^{Vice President of the United}^$20^3,00^{0 $20}^8,10⁰^$21^2,10^{0 $21}^5,70^{0 $22}^1,10⁰^$22^7,30⁰
^{States (President of the}
^Senate)
^{Speaker of the}^{House of}^203,⁰⁰^{0 208,}¹⁰⁰^212,¹⁰^{0 212,}¹⁰^{0 217,}⁴⁰⁰^223,⁵⁰⁰
^{Representatives}
^{President Pro Tempore of}^175,⁷⁰^{0 180,}¹⁰⁰^183,⁵⁰^{0 183,}⁵⁰^{0 188,}¹⁰⁰^193,⁴⁰⁰
^{the Senate}
^{Majority and Minority}^175,⁷⁰^{0 180,}¹⁰⁰^183,⁵⁰^{0 183,}⁵⁰^{0 188,}¹⁰⁰^193,⁴⁰⁰
^{Leaders—House a}^{nd Senate}
^Senators,^{Representatives,}^158,¹⁰^{0 162,}¹⁰⁰^165,²⁰^{0 165,}²⁰^{0 169,}³⁰⁰^174,⁰⁰⁰

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⁸^S.¹⁹^{7 w}^a^s^intr^od^uc^e^d^oⁿ^J^aⁿ^u^a^r^y^{8, 200}^7,^by^Se^na^tor^P^a^tr^ic^k^L^e^ahy^,^f^o^r^him^s^e^l^f^,^a^{nd Se}^na^t^o^r^s^J^o^hⁿ^C^o^rⁿ^yⁿ^{, D}ⁱ^a^nne
^F^eⁱⁿ^st^eiⁿ^,^Harry^Rei^d^,^an^{d A}^r^l^eⁿ^S^p^ect^er.
⁹^U^.^{S. D}^e^pa^r^t^m^e^{nt of}^L^a^bor^{, B}^u^r^e^a^u^of^L^a^bor^Sta^tis^tic^s^,^E^m^p^l^o^y^men^t^Co^st^Ind^ex—^Decemb^e^{r 2}⁰⁰⁷⁽^W^a^s^hing^ton:
^J^a^nua^r^y^{31, 20}⁰⁸⁾^{, p}^p^.^2,¹⁵^{. T}^h^e^c^a^l^c^u^la^{tion is}^3.^3%^mⁱ^nus^0.^5%⁼^2.8%^.

^January^January^January^January^January^January
^Position²⁰⁰⁴²⁰⁰⁵²⁰⁰⁶²⁰⁰⁷²⁰⁰⁸²⁰⁰⁹
^{Resident Commissioner of}
^{Puerto Rico, and Delegates}
^{Comptroller General of the}^158,¹⁰^{0 162,}¹⁰⁰^165,²⁰^{0 168,}⁰⁰^{0 172,}²⁰⁰^177,⁰⁰⁰
^{United States}
^{Deputy Compt}^roller^145,⁶⁰^{0 149,}²⁰⁰^152,⁰⁰^{0 154,}⁶⁰^{0 158,}⁵⁰⁰^162,⁹⁰⁰
^General
^Librarian^of^Congre^ss^158,¹⁰^{0 162,}¹⁰⁰^165,²⁰^{0 168,}⁰⁰^{0 172,}²⁰⁰^177,⁰⁰⁰
^Deputy^Lib^rarian^145,⁶⁰^{0 149,}²⁰⁰^152,⁰⁰^{0 154,}⁶⁰^{0 158,}⁵⁰⁰^162,⁹⁰⁰
^Register^of^Copyrights^145,⁶⁰^{0 149,}²⁰⁰^152,⁰⁰^{0 154,}⁶⁰^{0 158,}⁵⁰⁰^162,⁹⁰⁰
^{Director, Congressional}^145,⁶⁰^{0 149,}²⁰⁰^152,⁰⁰^{0 154,}⁶⁰^{0 158,}⁵⁰⁰^162,⁹⁰⁰
^{Research Service}
^Public^Printer^158,¹⁰^{0 162,}¹⁰⁰^165,²⁰^{0 168,}⁰⁰^{0 172,}²⁰⁰^177,⁰⁰⁰
^Deputy^Pu^blic^Printer^145,⁶⁰^{0 149,}²⁰⁰^152,⁰⁰^{0 154,}⁶⁰^{0 158,}⁵⁰⁰^162,⁹⁰⁰
^{Director, Congressional}^156,⁶⁰^{0 160,}⁶⁰⁰^Deputy^163,⁷⁰^{0 167,}⁸⁰⁰^Deputy
^{Budget Office}^Director^Director
^{serving as}^{serving as}
^Acting^Acting
^Director^Director
^{on Deputy}^{on Deputy}
^Salary^Salary
^{Deputy Director,}^155,⁶⁰^{0 159,}⁶⁰⁰^162,⁷⁰^{0 162,}⁷⁰^{0 166,}⁸⁰⁰^166,⁸⁰⁰
^{Congressional Budget Office}
^{Architect of th}^{e Capitol}^156,⁶⁰⁰^160,⁶⁰⁰^163,⁷⁰⁰^163,⁷⁰⁰^167,⁸⁰⁰^167,⁸⁰⁰
^{Executive Branch}
^{President of the U}^nited^$40^0,00^{0 $40}^0,00⁰^$40^0,00^{0 $40}^0,00^{0 $40}^0,00⁰^$40^0,00⁰
^States
^{Vice President of the United}^203,⁰⁰^{0 208,}¹⁰⁰^212,¹⁰^{0 215,}⁷⁰^{0 221,}¹⁰⁰^227,³⁰⁰
^States
^Exec^{utive Schedule (EX)}^175,⁷⁰^{0 180,}¹⁰⁰^183,⁵⁰^{0 186,}⁶⁰^{0 191,}³⁰⁰^196,⁷⁰⁰
^{Level I: Cabinet-level officials}
^{EX Level II: Dep}^uty^158,¹⁰^{0 162,}¹⁰⁰^165,²⁰^{0 168,}⁰⁰^{0 172,}²⁰⁰^177,⁰⁰⁰
^{secretaries of depa}^rtment^s,
^{secretaries of military}
^department^{s, and heads of}
^{major agencies}
^{EX Level II}^{I: Under}^145,⁶⁰^{0 149,}²⁰⁰^152,⁰⁰^{0 154,}⁶⁰^{0 158,}⁵⁰⁰^162,⁹⁰⁰
^{secretaries of depa}^rtment^s
^{and heads of middle-level}
^agencies
^{EX Level IV: Assistant}^136,⁹⁰^{0 140,}³⁰⁰^143,⁰⁰^{0 145,}⁴⁰^{0 149,}⁰⁰⁰^153,²⁰⁰
^{secretaries and ge}^neral
^{counsels of depart}^ments,
^{heads of smaller agencies,}
^members^{of certain}^boards
^{and commissions}
^{EX Level V: Administrators,}^128,²⁰^{0 131,}⁴⁰⁰^133,⁹⁰^{0 136,}²⁰^{0 139,}⁶⁰⁰^143,⁵⁰⁰

^{commissioners, directors,}

^January^January^January^January^January^January
^Position²⁰⁰⁴²⁰⁰⁵²⁰⁰⁶²⁰⁰⁷²⁰⁰⁸²⁰⁰⁹
^{and membe}^{rs of}^boards,
^{commissions, or units of}
^agencies
^{Judicial Branc}^h
^{Chief Justice of t}^{he United}^$20^3,00^{0 $20}^8,10⁰^$21^2,10^{0 $21}^2,10^{0 $21}^7,40⁰^$21^7,40⁰
^States
^{Associate Justices of the}^194,³⁰^{0 199,}²⁰⁰^203,⁰⁰^{0 203,}⁰⁰^{0 208,}¹⁰⁰^208,¹⁰⁰
^{Supreme Cou}^rt
^{Judges, U.S. Courts of}^167,⁶⁰^{0 171,}⁸⁰⁰^175,¹⁰^{0 175,}¹⁰^{0 179,}⁵⁰⁰^179,⁵⁰⁰
^Appeal
^{Judges, U.S. Court of}^167,⁶⁰^{0 171,}⁸⁰⁰^175,¹⁰^{0 175,}¹⁰^{0 179,}⁵⁰⁰^179,⁵⁰⁰
^{Appeals for t}^{he Armed}
^Services
^{Judges, U.S. District C}^ourts^158,¹⁰⁰^162,¹⁰⁰^165,²⁰⁰^165,²⁰⁰^169,³⁰⁰^169,³⁰⁰
^{Judges, United States Court}^158,¹⁰^{0 162,}¹⁰⁰^165,²⁰^{0 165,}²⁰^{0 169,}³⁰⁰^169,³⁰⁰
^{of Federal Claims}
^{Judges, United States Court}^158,¹⁰^{0 162,}¹⁰⁰^165,²⁰^{0 165,}²⁰^{0 169,}³⁰⁰^169,³⁰⁰
^{of Inter}^{national Trade}
^{Judges, Tax Court of t}^he^158,¹⁰^{0 162,}¹⁰⁰^165,²⁰^{0 165,}²⁰^{0 169,}³⁰⁰^169,³⁰⁰
^{United States}
^{Judges, U.S. Court of}^158,¹⁰^{0 162,}¹⁰⁰^165,²⁰^{0 165,}²⁰^{0 169,}³⁰⁰^169,³⁰⁰
^{Appeals for Vetera}^{ns Claims}
^Bankru^ptcy^J^udges^145,⁵⁰^{0 149,}¹³²^151,⁹⁸^{4 151,}⁹⁸^{4 155,}⁷⁵⁶^155,⁷⁵⁶
^Magistrate^Judges^145,⁵⁰^{0 149,}¹³²^151,⁹⁸^{4 151,}⁹⁸^{4 155,}⁷⁵⁶^155,⁷⁵⁶
^{Director, Administrative}^158,¹⁰^{0 162,}¹⁰⁰^165,²⁰^{0 165,}²⁰^{0 169,}³⁰⁰^169,³⁰⁰
^{Office of U.S. Courts}
^{Deputy Director,}^145,⁵⁰^{0 149,}¹³²^151,⁹⁸^{4 151,}⁹⁸^{4 155,}⁷⁵⁶^155,⁷⁵⁶
^{Administrative Office of U.S.}
^Courts
^{Director, Federal Judicial}^158,¹⁰^{0 162,}¹⁰⁰^165,²⁰^{0 165,}²⁰^{0 169,}³⁰⁰^169,³⁰⁰
^Center
^{Deputy Director, Federal}^145,⁵⁰^{0 149,}¹³²^151,⁹⁸^{4 151,}⁹⁸^{4 155,}⁷⁵⁶^155,⁷⁵⁶
^{Judicial Center}
^{Administrative Assistant to}^{up to}^{up to}^{up to}^{up to}^{up to}^{up to}
^{the Chief J}^ustice^158,¹⁰⁰^162,¹⁰⁰^165,²⁰⁰^165,²⁰⁰^169,³⁰⁰^169,³⁰⁰
^{Circuit Exec}^utives^145,⁶⁰⁰^{up to}^{up to}^{up to}^{up to}^{up to}
^162,¹⁰⁰^165,²⁰⁰^165,²⁰⁰^169,³⁰⁰^169,³⁰⁰
^Notes:^Secti^{on 115 of}^{P.L. 110-}⁵^{denied a pay adjustme}^{nt in}²⁰⁰⁷^{to the Speaker of t}^{he Ho}^{use of}
^{Representatives, t}^{he President}^pr^{o tempore of the Se}^{nate, the maj}^{ority and minority leaders of the}^{House and}
^{Senate, and the Senators, Rep}^res^{entatives, Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico, and Delegates. (}^{P.L. 110-5,}
^{§115, Feb. 1}^{5, 2}⁰⁰^{7, 12}^{1 Stat. 8, a}^t^12;^{2 U.S.C. §31 note.)}
^{The salaries for the Director a}ⁿ^d^{Deputy Director of t}^{he Congre}^s^{sional Budget Office (CBO) also were not}
^{adjusted in Janua}^ry²⁰^{07, beca}^use^Membe^{r of Congres}^{s pay}^{was n}^{ot adjusted. By statute (2 U.S.C.}
^{§601(a)(5)(A)(B)), the annual rate}^{of compensation for}^{the Directo}^{r of CBO is equal to t}^{he lower of the high}^est
^{annual ra}^{te of compe}^{nsation of a}^{ny officer of t}^{he Senate or t}^he^{highest an}^{nual rate}^{of compe}^{nsation of any}
^{officer of the Ho}^{use. The an}^nual^{rate of compe}^{nsation for the}^{Deputy Director of CBO is}^$1,0^{00 l}^{ess tha}^{n that}

^{of the Director. The Depu}^{ty Director continued as A}^{cting Direct}^{or, at the Deput}^{y salary, u}^{ntil Jan}^uary^{18, 2}⁰⁰^7,
^{when t}^{he CBO Director ass}^ume^{d office. As of this writing, neithe}^{r the Senat}^{e nor}^House^{pay orde}^{rs for 2}⁰⁰⁹
^{have be}^{en iss}^{ued, therefore, th}^e²⁰⁰^{8 salary}^{remains in}^{effect. (I}^nf^{ormation provided to CRS by CB}^{O staff}^by
^{telephone a}^{nd electronic mail on November}^19,²⁰^{07, b}^y^electroni^{c mail on Janua}^{ry 2}^{3, 2}⁰⁰^{8, and b}^y^electronic
^{mail on January}¹^{2, 20}^{09.) Speake}^{r of the}^{House, Na}^{ncy Pelosi, and House Committee on t}^{he Budge}^{t Chairman,}
^{Representative}^{John Sp}^{ratt, Jr., an}^{nounced on}^Decembe^{r 3}^{0, 20}^08,^{that Douglas W. Elmendorf will be the}^new
^{Director of CBO, but his te}^nur^e^{has not yet}^beg^un.
^{The salary for t}^{he Arc}^{hitect of th}^{e Capitol also was not adjusted i}ⁿ^Jan^uary²⁰^07,^becau^{se Mem}^ber^{of Congress}
^{pay was}^{not adjusted. By statute (}²^U.S.C.^{§1802), th}^{e an}^{nual rate}^{of compensation for t}^{he Arc}^hitec^{t is equal to}
^{the lesser of t}^{he an}^{nual salary}^for^{the Sergean}^{t at Arms}^{of the}^Hou^{se of Represe}^{ntatives or th}^{e Serg}^{eant at Arms}
^{and Doorkeeper of th}^{e Senate. A}^s^{of this writing, neither}^{the Se}^na^{te nor House}^{pay order}^{s for}²⁰⁰⁹^have^beeⁿ
^{issued, therefore, the}²⁰⁰⁸^salary^{remains in e}^ffect.
^{Salaries for the Comptroller Gen}^{eral of the United States (3}^{1 U.S.}^{C. §703(f)(1)), the Deput}^{y Comp}^troller
^{General (3}^{1 U.S.C. §703(f)(2)), the Librarian of Cong}^{ress (2}^U.S.C.^§136a-2(^{1)), the Dep}^{uty Libra}^{rian (2 U.S.C.}
^§136a-2(^{2)), the Register of Copy}^{rights (17}^U.S.C.^{§701(f)), the Director of the Congre}^{ssional Research Service}
^{(2 U.S.C.}^{§166(c)(1)), the Public P}^{rinter (4}^{4 U.S.C. §303), and the}^{Deputy Pu}^{blic Printer (4}^{4 U.S.C.}^{§303) are}^tied
^{to the E}^{xecutive Sc}^{hedule by law.}^{For an analysis of congr}^{essional staff salaries which}^{are tied to Me}^{mber of}
^{Congress pay}^{rates, see CRS Me}^morandum,^{Effect of Congressional}^{Pay Freeze on Officer and}^Staff^Sal^aries^{, by Ida A.}
^{Brudnick (available to Member}^{s of Congress a}^{nd their sta}^{ff f}^{rom th}^{e author).}
^{The President’s cur}^rent^{salary be}^{came effective at}^{noon on Ja}^nua^r^y^20,²⁰^{01, and was}^{established b}^y^the
^{Treasury a}^{nd Ge}^{neral Gover}^nme^{nt Ap}^{propriations Act, 2}⁰⁰^{0, P.L. 10}^{6-58, Title VI, §644, Sept. 2}^{9, 199}^{9; 1}¹³
^{Stat. 430, at 4}^78;^{3 U.S.C. §102. For a discussion of the President’s}^{salary, see CRS Report RS201}¹⁵^,^{President of}
^{the United States: Compen}^sation^{, b}^y^Barbara^{L. Schwemle.}
^{The salary for t}^{he Director of th}^{e Administrative Office (AO) of}^{U.S. C}^{ourts is the same}^{as that}^{of U.S. D}^istrict
^{Court Ju}^{dges (}^{28 U.S.C. §603). The salary for t}^{he Dep}^{uty Directo}^{r of the AO}^{is 92}^{% of th}^{e AO Director’s salary}
^{(28 U.S.C. §603). The salary for t}^{he Director of the Federal J}^{udicial Center (FJC) is the same a}^s^the^AO
^{Director’s salary (28 U.S.C. §626). The salary for the De}^{puty Dire}^{ctor of the FJC is t}^{he same as}^the^{Deputy A}^O
^{Director’s salary (28 U.S.C. §626). The salary for the Administrati}^{ve Assistant to the}^{Chief J}^{ustice c}^{annot ex}^ceed
^{the AO Director’s salary (2}^{8 U.S.C. §677). Salaries for Circuit Exe}^{cutives are es}^{tablished by}^the^Jud^icial
^Conference^{and may}^{not exc}^eed^{EX Level IV (2}^{8 U.S.C. §332(f)(1)). The salaries for Circuit Exec}^uti^{ves included}
^{in this report}^were^{provided to CRS by the AO}^{by electronic mai}^{l on Janua}^{ry 2}^{9, 2}⁰⁰^8.
^{Total compensation for Circuit E}^{xecutives, the}^{AO Director, and}^{the Dep}^{uty AO Director ma}^{y be}^{up to t}^he
^{Vice President’s salary. (Homelan}^{d Security Act of 2}⁰⁰^{2, P.L. 107-}^{296, Title XIII, §13}^{22, Nov. 2}^{5, 2}^002;¹¹^{6 Stat.}
²¹³^{5, at 2}²⁹^7-2²⁹^{8; 5 U.S.C. §5307(d)). This provision also applies to employees paid unde}^{r 2}⁸^{U.S.C. §604}
^{which aut}^{horizes the AO}^{Director to set compensation for}^clerk^{s of court, deputies, librarians, c}^riers,
^messenger^{s, law clerks, secretari}^{es, stenograp}^{hers, clerical assistants, and other}^{employees of t}^he^{courts whose}
^{compensation is not othe}^{rwise fixed by law. Performa}^{nce ap}^praisa^{l systems for em}^{ployees, “as designed and}
^{applied,” must make “mea}^ningf^{ul distinctions based on relative per}^{formance.” The AO}^{Director is r}^esponsible
^{for any reg}^{ulations (which m}^ust^b^e^{consistent with t}^{he O}^{ffice of Pe}^{rsonnel Ma}^nageme^{nt and O}^ffice^of
^Manageme^{nt and B}^{udget regulati}^{ons for mem}^{bers of t}^{he SES a}^{nd SL and ST employees), certificati}^{ons, or other}
^measures^neces^{sary to impleme}ⁿ^t^{the p}^{rovision. Certification is fo}^{r a period of two calendar year}^{s, but may}^be
^{terminated at any}^{time u}^{pon a fin}^{ding of nonconforma}^{nce with a}^p^p^{licable requireme}^{nts. This provision is under}
^{study by}^the^{Judicial Conference}^{Committee on Judicial Resources.}
^{Justices and judges}^{did not receive a pay adjustme}^{nt in}²⁰⁰⁷^beca^u^{se it was not aut}^{horized by Cong}^{ress. S. 197,}
^{to provide the aut}^{horization, passed the Senate}^by^una^{nimous con}^{sent on Ja}^nua^{ry 8,}²⁰^{07, and wa}^s^{referred to}
^{the House}^{Committee on the}^Jud^{iciary, but no f}^urthe^{r action occu}^{rred. Justices a}^{nd judges have}^not^{received the}
^2.8%^{pay adjustme}^{nt aut}^{horized for Janua}^{ry 2}⁰⁰^{9, beca}^{use Congr}^e^{ss has}^{not aut}^{horized the salary increase a}^s
^{required by}^law.
^{Under Article I, Section 6 of the}^{Constitution of the United States}^{, “No Senator or Represe}^{ntative s}^h^{all, during the}
^{Time for which he}^{was elected, b}^e^{appointed to any}^{civil Office un}^{der the A}^{uthority of the}^{United States, which}
^{shall have bee}^{n c}^{reated, or the E}^{moluments wh}^{ereof s}^{hall have be}^{en increas}^{ed during s}^uch^time....^{” This is}
^{commonly referred to as t}^he^Em^{oluments Clause. P.L. 110-}⁴⁵^{5 (S.J.Res. 46) enacted on Dece}^mber^{19, 2}⁰⁰^8,
^{provides that th}^{e Secretary}^{of State’s salary in 20}⁰⁹^{will be $1}^86,6^{00 (th}^{e salary in ef}^{fect on}^Jan^uary^{1, 20}^07).
^S.J.Res^{. 3}^{, as passed b}^y^{the Se}^nate^{on Jan}^uary^{6, 20}^{09, a}^{nd the}^Hou^{se of Represe}^{ntatives on Ja}^nua^ry^{7, 20}^09,
^{provides that th}^{e Secretary}^{of th}^{e Interior’s salary in}²⁰^{09 will be}^$18^0,10^{0, the salary}^{in effe}^{ct on J}^anuary^1,
²⁰⁰^5.

The Federal Judicial Salary Restoration Act of 2008, S. 1638, as reported, amended, by the Senate
Committee on the Judiciary, and H.R. 3753, as ordered to be reported, amended, by the House
Committee on the Judiciary, would have authorized a 28.7%-28.8% pay increase over January ¹¹
2008 salaries to federal justices and judges. S. 2353, the Fair Judicial Compensation Act of
2007, introduced by Senator Richard Durbin on November 14, 2007, would have authorized a

16.5% pay increase over January 2008 salaries.

Both S. 1638 and H.R. 3753 would have repealed the provision of law, codified at 28 U.S.C. §461
note, that requires Congress to specifically authorize any salary increases for justices and judges
and amended 28 U.S.C. §461(a) to provide that justices and judges would have received the same
percentage pay adjustment as is authorized each year for base pay under the General Schedule.
The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) prepared cost estimates for H.R. 3753, as ordered to be
reported, on February 1, 2008, and for S. 1638, as reported, on March 28, 2008. According to the
estimates, the salary increases and annual cost of living adjustments for judges appointed under
Article III of the Constitution and bankruptcy judges would have
ⁱⁿ^creas^{e[d] direct s}^p^en^din^g^b^y^$556^mⁱ^llion^ov^{er t}^h^{e 2009-}²⁰^{13 peri}^{od an}^{d by}^{$1.4 billion}¹²
^ov^{er t}^h^{e 2009-}²⁰¹⁸^peri^o^d^.
All the bills would have authorized to be appropriated such sums as necessary to carry out the act.
S. 1638 and H.R. 3753 would have become effective upon enactment. S. 2353 would have
become effective as of the first applicable pay period beginning on or after the act’s enactment.
The legislation would have authorized the following salaries:
• Chief Justice of the United States—$279,900 (S. 1638 and H.R. 3753), and
$253,300 (S. 2353);
• Associate Justices of the Supreme Court—$267,900 (S. 1638 and H.R. 3753),
and $242,400 (S. 2353);
• Courts of Appeals Judges—$231,100 (S. 1638 and H.R. 3753), and $209,100 (S.

2353);

¹⁰^For^aⁿ^aⁿ^a^l^y^s^is^of^othe^r^pr^ov^is^io^nsⁱⁿ^the^le^gⁱ^s^l^a^tio^{n, s}^e^e^C^R^S^R^e^p^o^r^t^R^L³⁴²⁸^1,^J^u^dicⁱ^al^S^a^lar^y^:^C^u^r^r^e^{nt I}^s^s^u^e^s^an^d
^Op^tion^s^fo^{r C}^o^ng^ress^{, by}^D^e^nis^Ste^v^eⁿ^R^u^tk^us^.
¹¹^Se^na^tor^P^a^tric^k^L^e^a^h^y^introduc^e^d^S.¹⁶³⁸^oⁿ^J^u^ne¹⁵^,²⁰^07.^Hⁱ^s^s^t^a^t^em^eⁿ^{t up}^{on i}ⁿ^tr^od^uc^tio^{n of}^the^{bill e}^x^pre^s^s^e^{d his}
^vⁱ^e^w^s^tha^t^“^[^t^]^heⁱⁿ^de^pe^nde^nc^e^of^the^j^udicⁱ^a^r^y^is^c^o^m^p^ro^mⁱ^s^e^{d ... i}^f^judg^e^s^le^a^v^e^the^be^nc^{h f}^o^{r f}ⁱ^naⁿ^c^ia^{l re}^a^s^ons^”^a^nd
^“[^t^]^h^e^q^u^a^lⁱ^t^y^o^f^t^h^{e j}^u^dⁱ^ci^aryⁱ^s^t^h^reat^en^edⁱ^f^j^u^d^g^{es’ sal}^a^ri^{es are i}ⁿ^ad^eq^u^a^t^e^t^o^at^t^r^act^and^ret^aⁱⁿ^o^u^r^b^e^st^l^e^gal^mⁱⁿ^d^s^.^”
^S^ee,^S^t^at^em^en^t^o^f^S^eⁿ^a^t^o^r^P^a^t^rⁱ^c^{k L}^eah^y^,^C^ongr^e^s^sⁱ^on^{al Re}^c^o^r^d^{, d}^a^ily^e^d^ition^,^v^o^l.¹^53,^June¹⁵^{, 2}⁰^07,^p.^S⁷⁷⁹^3.
^Du^riⁿ^g^{a Dece}^m^b^{er 1}³^,²⁰⁰⁷^,^m^a^rku^p^o^f^S^.¹⁶³⁸^,^t^h^e^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^Co^m^mⁱ^t^t^{ee o}ⁿ^t^h^{e Ju}^di^ci^ary^,^b^y^voⁱ^ce^vo^t^e^,^agreed^t^o^an
^am^e^ndm^eⁿ^{t of}^f^e^r^e^{d by}^Se^na^tor^Dⁱ^a^nne^Fe^ins^t^eⁱ^{n t}^o^a^m^e^{nd the}^bi^{ll t}^o^pr^ov^ide^t^h^e^s^a^m^e^c^o^m^p^eⁿ^s^a^tion^pr^ov^is^io^ns^a^s^H^.^R^.
³⁷⁵^{3. T}^h^e^c^o^m^m^itte^e^r^e^s^u^m^e^{d c}^ons^ide^r^a^tio^{n of}^S.¹⁶³⁸^oⁿ^J^aⁿ^u^a^r^y^31,²⁰⁰⁸^.^Se^na^tor^Rⁱ^c^h^a^r^{d D}^u^r^bⁱⁿ^of^f^e^r^e^{d a}ⁿ
^a^m^e^ndm^eⁿ^{t to}^prov^ide^a¹⁶^.5%^p^a^y^a^d^justm^e^{nt, but t}^h^e^c^o^m^m^itte^e^re^je^c^t^e^d^{it on}^a⁴^to¹³^v^o^te^{. T}^h^e^c^o^m^m^itte^e^orde^re^d
^{S. 1}⁶³⁸^t^o^be^re^porte^d^,^a^s^a^m^e^nde^{d, o}ⁿ^a¹⁰^to^{7 v}^o^te^{on Ja}ⁿ^u^a^r^y^{31, 20}⁰⁸^{. T}^h^e^c^o^m^m^itte^e^re^porte^{d th}^e^bill^{on A}^p^ril^1,
²⁰⁰^{8 (}^S^.R^e^p^t.¹^10-²⁷⁷⁾^{. R}^e^pr^e^s^eⁿ^ta^tiv^e^J^ohn^C^o^ny^e^r^s^intr^oduc^e^d^H^.^R^.³⁷⁵³^oⁿ^O^c^to^be^r^4,²⁰⁰⁷^{. T}^h^e^H^ous^e
^C^o^m^m^itte^e^{on the}^J^u^dicⁱ^a^r^y^m^a^r^k^e^d^up^the^bill^a^nd^or^de^r^e^{d it t}^o^be^r^e^por^te^d,^a^s^a^m^e^nde^d,^{on a}²⁸^to^{5 v}^o^te^oⁿ
^Dece^m^b^{er 1}²^,²⁰⁰⁷^.
¹²^U^.^{S. C}^ong^r^e^s^sⁱ^ona^{l B}^udg^e^t^O^f^fⁱ^ce^,^C^o^s^t^Es^tim^ate^,^H^.^R.³⁷⁵³^Fe^de^r^a^{l J}^u^dⁱ^cⁱ^al^Sa^lar^y^Re^s^t^or^a^tio^{n A}^c^{t of}²⁰⁰⁷^,
^Fe^br^ua^r^y^{1, 20}⁰⁸^{, p}^.³^.^U^.^S^.^C^o^ng^r^e^s^sⁱ^ona^{l B}^u^dg^e^t^O^f^fⁱ^c^e^,^C^o^s^t^Es^tim^ate^,^S.¹⁶³⁸^Fe^de^r^a^l^J^u^dⁱ^cⁱ^al^Sa^lar^y^Re^s^t^or^ati^oⁿ
^Ac^{t of}²⁰⁰⁷^,^Ma^r^c^{h 28,}²⁰⁰⁸^{, p. 3}^.

• District Court Judges—$218,000 (S. 1638 and H.R. 3753), and $197,200 (S.
2353); and
• Court of International Trade Judges—$218,000 (S. 1638 and H.R. 3753), and
$197,200 (S. 2353).
The Senate Committee on the Judiciary report that accompanied S. 1638 stated that the bill
^w^o^u^l^{d in}^creas^e^th^e^s^a^laries^o^f^{Federal j}^u^dg^es^{to ens}^u^{re t}^h^{at t}^h^{e des}ⁱ^gⁿ^o^f^li^f^e^teⁿ^u^r^{e i}^sⁿ^o^t
^{eroded bu}^{t ... is}^al^s^o^balaⁿ^ced^wⁱ^t^h^prov^is^ioⁿ^s^{to ens}^u^{re t}^h^at^ou^{r f}^e^{deral j}^u^d^g^es^m^aⁱⁿ^taiⁿ^th^e¹³
^hⁱ^gh^e^s^t^et^hi^cal^s^t^aⁿ^dards^t^o^pr^om^ot^{e conf}ⁱ^d^eⁿ^{ce i}ⁿ^t^h^ei^{r i}^m^p^a^rtⁱ^a^lⁱ^t^y^.

S.Con.Res. 70, the Concurrent Resolution on the Budget for FY2009, as agreed to or passed by
the House and Senate included a provision at Section 229 on a deficit-neutral reserve fund for
judicial pay:
^T^h^{e Ch}^air^m^aⁿ^o^f^t^h^e^Sen^a^te^Co^m^m^ittee^oⁿ^th^e^B^u^d^g^et^m^a^y^r^e^vⁱ^se^th^e^allo^catioⁿ^s^o^f^a
^co^m^mⁱ^{ttee o}^r^co^m^m^ittee^s^{, ag}^g^r^eg^ate^s^{, an}^d^o^t^h^e^r^lev^e^l^sⁱⁿ^t^h^{is r}^e^so^l^u^tioⁿ^f^o^r^oⁿ^{e o}^r^m^o^r^e
^b^{ills, j}^oⁱⁿ^{t r}^e^so^lu^tioⁿ^s^{, a}^m^eⁿ^d^m^en^ts,^m^o^tioⁿ^s^{, o}^r^coⁿ^f^er^en^ce^r^e^p^o^r^t^{s th}^at^w^o^u^l^d^au^th^o^r^ize
^s^a^lar^y^adj^u^s^t^m^eⁿ^t^s^f^o^{r j}^u^s^tices^an^{d j}^u^dg^es^of^th^{e U}ⁿ^{ited States}^...^by^t^h^{e a}^m^oun^t^s^prov^ide^dⁱⁿ
^s^u^c^h^le^gⁱ^s^l^at^ion^f^o^{r th}^os^{e pu}^r^pos^es^{, prov}^{ided th}^{at s}^u^c^h^le^gⁱ^s^l^ation^w^o^u^l^{d n}^o^{t i}ⁿ^creas^{e t}^h^e
^defⁱ^ci^t^ov^{er e}ⁱ^t^h^{er t}^h^{e peri}^{od of}^t^h^{e t}^o^t^a^l^o^f^fⁱ^s^cal^y^{ears 2008 t}^h^roug^h^{2013 or t}^h^{e peri}^{od of}¹⁴
^t^h^{e t}^o^t^a^l^of^fⁱ^s^cal^y^ears^{2008 t}^h^rou^g^h^2018.

Maximum basic pay rates for members of the Senior Executive Service (SES) and certain senior-
level positions are tied to the Executive Schedule. An individual in an SES position: (1) directs
the work of an organizational unit; (2) is held accountable for the success of one or more specific
programs or projects; (3) monitors progress toward organizational goals and periodically
evaluates and makes appropriate adjustments to such goals; (4) supervises the work of employees
other than personal assistants; or (5) otherwise exercises important policy-making, policy-¹⁵
determining, or other executive functions. Salaries for members of the SES are determined
annually by agency heads “under a rigorous performance management system,” and range from
the minimum rate of basic pay for a senior level (SL) employee (120% of the minimum basic pay

¹³^{U.S. C}^ong^re^{ss, Se}^na^te^Com^m^itte^e^{on t}^h^e^Ju^dicⁱ^a^r^y^,^Fe^de^r^a^{l J}^udicⁱ^{al S}^a^l^a^r^y^Re^s^t^or^ati^oⁿ^Ac^{t o}^f²⁰⁰⁸^{, r}^e^por^t^to
^acco^m^p^an^y^S^.¹⁶³⁸^,¹¹⁰^th^Co^ng^.,²^nd^s^e^s^s^{., S.R}^e^{pt. 1}¹⁰^-²^{77 (}^W^a^s^hi^ng^ton:^G^P^O^,²⁰⁰⁸⁾^,^p.^3.^A^Sta^r^Pr^int^of^the^r^e^por^t
^w^a^{s o}^r^d^e^r^e^d^on^A^p^rⁱ^l^7,²⁰⁰⁸^.
¹⁴^S.C^o^n.R^e^s^.⁷⁰^,^Enr^o^lle^d,^J^u^ne^5,²⁰⁰^{8, a}^s^a^g^r^e^e^d^to^by^the^H^ous^e^a^nd^Se^na^te^{, p}^.²⁸^{. A}^s^pa^s^s^e^{d by}^the^Se^na^te^on
^Ma^r^c^{h 14}^{, 2}⁰⁰⁸^,^on^a⁵¹^-⁴^{4 (}^R^e^c^o^r^d^N^o^.⁸⁵⁾^v^o^t^e^,^S.C^on.R^e^s^.⁷⁰ⁱⁿ^c^l^ude^{d the}^pr^ov^isⁱ^{on a}^t^Se^c^tion³^08.^Se^e^a^l^s^o^{, U}^.^S^.
^Cong^re^{ss, Conf}^e^r^eⁿ^c^e^Com^m^itte^e^s^{, 20}⁰⁸^,^C^o^nc^ur^r^e^{nt Re}^s^o^luti^on^oⁿ^the^Bu^dge^{t f}^o^r^Fis^c^al^Ye^ar²⁰⁰⁹^,^coⁿ^f^eren^{ce rep}^o^r^t^th^nd
^t^o^acco^m^p^an^y^S^.^Coⁿ^.^Res.⁷⁰^,¹¹⁰^Cong^.,²^s^e^s^s^{., H}^.^R^e^pt.¹¹^0-⁶^{59 (}^W^a^s^hing^to^{n: G}^P^O^,²⁰⁰⁸⁾^,^pp.^29,¹^16,¹^24.^T^h^e
^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^agreed^t^o^t^h^{e con}^f^eren^{ce rep}^o^r^t^oⁿ^a⁴⁸^-⁴⁵^(Reco^rd^N^o^.¹⁴²⁾^v^o^te^on^J^une^4,²⁰⁰⁸^{. T}^h^e^H^ous^e^a^g^r^e^e^d^{to the}
^c^onf^e^r^eⁿ^c^e^r^e^por^{t on}^a²^14-²¹^{0 (}^R^{oll N}^o^{. 3}⁸²⁾^v^o^te^oⁿ^J^u^ne^5,²⁰⁰⁸^.
¹⁵^{5 U}^.^S^.^C^.^§3¹³²⁽^a⁾⁽²⁾^.

rate for GS-15; $117,787, as of January 2009) to either EX Level III ($162,900, as of January
2009), in agencies whose performance appraisal systems have not been certified by the Office of
Personnel Management (OPM) as making “meaningful distinctions based on relative
performance,” or EX Level II ($177,000, as of January 2009), in agencies whose performance ¹⁶¹⁷
appraisal systems have been so certified. Total compensation for members of the SES in
agencies whose performance appraisal systems “as designed and applied” have been certified by ¹⁸
OPM may be up to the Vice President’s salary ($227,300, as of January 2009) and up to EX
Level I ($196,700, as of January 2009) in agencies whose performance appraisal systems have ¹⁹
not been so certified. Table 2, below, shows January 2004 through January 2009 salaries for the
SES.
Table 2. Senior Executive Service (SES) Pay
^Minimum^Maximum^Performa^{nce ap}^{praisal system status}
^{Effective January 2004}
^$10^4,92⁷^$14^5,60⁰^{Agencies without a ce}^{rtified perf}^{ormance ap}^{praisal system}
^$10^4,92⁷^$15^8,10⁰^{Agencies with a ce}^{rtified perform}^{ance ap}^{praisal system}
^{Effective January 2005}
^$10^7,55^{0 $14}^9,20⁰^{Agencies without a ce}^{rtified perf}^{ormance ap}^{praisal system}
^$10^7,55⁰^$16^2,10⁰^{Agencies with a ce}^{rtified perform}^{ance ap}^{praisal system}
^{Effective January 2006}
^$10^9,80⁸^$15^2,00⁰^{Agencies without a ce}^{rtified perf}^{ormance ap}^{praisal system}
^$10^9,80⁸^$16^5,20⁰^{Agencies with a ce}^{rtified perform}^{ance ap}^{praisal system}
^{Effective January 2007}
^$11^1,67⁶^$15^4,60⁰^{Agencies without a ce}^{rtified perf}^{ormance ap}^{praisal system}

¹⁶^N^a^tiona^{l D}^e^f^e^ns^e^A^u^thoriz^a^tion^A^c^t^f^o^{r Fis}^c^a^l^Y^e^a^r²⁰⁰⁴^,^P^.^L^.¹⁰^8-1^36,^Dⁱ^v^.^A^,^T^itle^X^I^{, §}¹¹^25(a⁾^{(2), N}^o^v^e^m^b^e^r
^24,²⁰⁰³^{; 1}¹⁷^Sta^t^.¹³⁹²^{, a}^t¹⁶^38-¹⁶³^9;^{5 U}^.^S.C^.^§5³⁸^{2. T}^h^e^O^f^fⁱ^{ce of}^P^e^r^s^o^nne^l^Ma^na^g^e^m^e^{nt pu}^blis^he^{d i}ⁿ^te^rⁱ^m
^r^e^g^u^la^tions^oⁿ^J^aⁿ^u^a^r^y^{13, 2}⁰⁰⁴^,^pr^o^pos^e^d^r^e^g^u^la^ti^ons^{on J}^u^ly^29,²⁰⁰^{4, a}^{nd f}ⁱ^na^{l r}^e^g^u^la^ti^ons^{on D}^e^c^e^m^b^e^r^{6, 2}⁰⁰⁴^{, t}^o
^im^plem^eⁿ^{t the}^pa^y^sy^s^t^em^{. U}^.^{S. O}^f^fⁱ^ce^of^P^e^r^s^on^ne^{l Ma}^na^g^e^m^e^{nt, “}^S^eⁿ^ior^Ex^e^c^u^tiv^e^Se^r^v^ic^e^P^a^y^and^P^e^r^f^or^m^a^nc^e
^Award^s,^”^Fe^de^{ral Re}^giste^r^{, v}^o^l^.⁶⁹^{, n}^o^.^{8, J}^aⁿ^u^a^r^y^{13, 2}⁰⁰⁴^,^pp^{. 2}⁰^47-²⁰^52.^U^.^{S. O}^f^fⁱ^c^e^of^P^e^r^s^onne^{l Ma}^na^g^e^m^e^nt,
^“S^enⁱ^o^{r E}^x^ecu^tⁱ^v^{e S}^e^rvi^{ce P}^a^y^an^d^P^e^rf^o^r^m^aⁿ^ce^Award^{s an}^d^A^ggr^egat^e^Lⁱ^mⁱ^t^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^on^P^a^y^,^”^Fe^de^{ral Re}^giste^r^{, v}^o^l.⁶⁹^,
^no.¹⁴^{5, J}^u^ly^29,²⁰^04,^p^p^.⁴⁵⁵³⁵^-⁴⁵⁵⁴^{6. U}^.^S^.^O^f^fⁱ^ce^of^P^e^r^s^on^ne^l^Ma^na^g^e^m^e^{nt, “}^S^eⁿ^ior^Ex^e^c^u^tiv^e^Se^r^v^ic^e^P^a^y^a^nd
^P^e^rf^o^r^m^aⁿ^{ce Award}^s;^A^g^gre^g^at^{e L}ⁱ^mⁱ^t^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^on^P^a^y^,^”^Fe^de^{ral Re}^gi^ste^r^{, v}^o^{l. 6}⁹^,^no.²^33,^D^e^c^e^m^b^e^r^{6, 20}⁰⁴^{, p}^p^.⁷⁰³⁵^5-
⁷⁰³⁶⁷^{. Se}^e^C^R^S^R^e^por^t^R^L³³¹²⁸^,^S^eⁿⁱ^o^r^E^xecu^tⁱ^{ve S}^e^rvi^{ce (}^S^E^S⁾^P^a^{y f}^o^r^P^e^rf^o^r^maⁿ^ce^S^y^st^em^{, by}^L^.^Elaⁱ^ne^H^a^lc^hin,
^f^o^{r an}^an^al^y^sⁱ^s^o^f^t^h^{e S}^E^S^p^a^y^ad^j^u^st^m^eⁿ^t^p^r^o^cess.
¹⁷^T^h^{e t}^e^r^m^t^o^t^a^l^co^m^p^en^satⁱ^oⁿ^as^usedⁱⁿ^t^hⁱ^s^repo^rt^ref^e^{rs t}^o^t^h^{e aggregat}^{e o}^f^al^l^o^w^aⁿ^ces,^dⁱ^ff^er^en^tⁱ^a^l^s^,^b^oⁿ^u^s^es,
^a^w^a^r^ds^{, or}^o^t^he^r^sⁱ^m^ila^r^c^a^s^{h pa}^y^m^eⁿ^ts^{, a}^nd^ba^sⁱ^c^pa^y^.^I^t^doe^sⁿ^o^{t i}ⁿ^c^l^ude^a^d^v^a^nc^e^pa^y^m^eⁿ^ts^{, pa}^y^m^ents^to^mⁱ^s^sⁱ^ng
^e^m^p^l^o^y^e^e^s,^o^r^b^{ack p}^a^y^.^T^h^{e t}^e^r^m^al^so^do^{es n}^o^tⁱⁿ^cl^u^d^e^t^r^avel^an^d^t^r^an^sp^o^r^t^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^al^l^o^w^aⁿ^ces,^exc^e^p^t^f^o^{r recru}ⁱ^t^m^en^t^,
^r^e^loc^a^tion,^aⁿ^d^r^e^te^ntioⁿ^bo^nus^e^s^,^s^upe^r^v^is^or^y^dif^f^e^r^eⁿ^tia^ls^{, a}^{nd e}^x^pe^ns^e^s^{to o}^b^taⁱⁿ^pr^of^e^s^sⁱ^ona^{l c}^r^e^d^eⁿ^tia^ls^{, o}^r
^a^llow^a^nc^e^s^{, ge}^ne^r^a^ll^y^,^e^x^ce^{pt f}^o^r^f^o^r^e^ig^{n a}^r^e^a^pos^{t dif}^f^e^r^e^ntia^ls^aⁿ^d^da^ng^e^r^pa^y^,^nonf^or^eⁱ^gⁿ^a^r^e^a^pos^t^dif^f^e^r^eⁿ^tia^ls^{, a}^nd
^phy^sicⁱ^aⁿ^{s c}^o^m^p^a^r^a^b^ility^a^llowa^nc^e^s^{. (5 U.S.C.}^§⁵³^07(a^)).
¹⁸^H^o^m^e^la^{nd Se}^c^u^rity^A^c^{t of}^2002,^P.L^.¹⁰^7-2^96,^T^itle^X^III,^§¹³^22,^N^o^v^e^m^b^e^r^25,²⁰^02;¹¹⁶^Sta^t^.²¹^{35, a}^t²²⁹⁷^-2²⁹^8;
^{5 U}^.^S.C^.^§⁵³⁰⁷⁽^d)^pr^ov^ide^d^f^o^r^O^P^{M c}^e^r^tif^ic^a^{tion of}^a^g^eⁿ^cy^pe^r^f^or^m^a^nc^e^a^ppr^aⁱ^s^a^{l sy}^s^t^em^s^w^{ith the}^c^onc^ur^r^e^nc^e^of
^the^O^f^fⁱ^c^e^of^Ma^na^g^e^m^e^{nt a}^{nd B}^udg^e^t⁽^O^MB⁾^.^Se^e^f^ootno^te¹⁶^f^o^r^the^r^e^g^u^la^tio^ns^im^ple^m^eⁿ^ting^the^pr^ov^is^io^{n. A}ⁿ
^a^g^eⁿ^cy^’^s^c^e^r^ti^fⁱ^c^a^{tion is}^f^o^r^a^pe^rⁱ^od^of^tw^{o c}^a^l^e^nda^r^y^e^a^r^s^,^{but m}^a^y^be^te^r^m^ina^t^e^d^a^t^aⁿ^y^ti^m^e^{upon a}^fⁱ^nding^tha^t^the
^a^g^eⁿ^cy^ha^s^{not c}^onf^or^m^e^{d w}^{ith a}^pplic^a^b^le^r^e^quir^e^m^e^nts^.
¹⁹^{5 U}^.^S^.^C^.^§5³⁰⁷⁽^a⁾⁽¹⁾^.

^{Minimum Maximum}^Performa^{nce ap}^{praisal system status}
^$11^1,67⁶^$16^8,00⁰^{Agencies with a ce}^{rtified perform}^{ance ap}^{praisal system}
^{Effective January 2008}
^$11^4,46⁸^$15^8,50⁰^{Agencies without a ce}^{rtified perf}^{ormance ap}^{praisal system}
^$11^4,46⁸^$17^2,20⁰^{Agencies with a ce}^{rtified perform}^{ance ap}^{praisal system}
^{Effective January 2009}
^$11^7,78⁷^$16^2,90⁰^{Agencies without a ce}^{rtified perf}^{ormance ap}^{praisal system}
^$11^7,78⁷^$17^7,00⁰^{Agencies with a ce}^{rtified perform}^{ance ap}^{praisal system}
Currently, basic pay for certain senior-level positions—positions classified above GS-15 (SL pay
schedule) and scientific or professional positions (ST pay schedule)—ranges from 120% of the
minimum rate of basic pay for GS-15 ($117,787, as of January 2009) to EX Level IV ($153,200, ²⁰
as of January 2009). The upper level limitation will increase as of April 12, 2009, as discussed
in the section on “Basic Pay Limitation for SL and ST Positions” below. Currently, SL and ST
employees (unlike individuals in positions on the EX schedule or members of the SES) receive
locality-based comparability payments. The total of base pay and locality pay cannot exceed EX ²¹
Level III ($162,900, as of January 2009). As of April 12, 2009, SL and ST employees will not
receive locality pay. Total compensation for SL and ST employees in agencies whose
performance appraisal systems “as designed and applied” have been certified by OPM may be up ²²
to the Vice President’s salary ($227,300, as of January 2009) and up to EX Level I ($196,700, as ²³
of January 2009) in agencies whose performance appraisal systems have not been so certified.
Senator George Voinovich introduced S. 1046, the Senior Professional Performance Act of 2008, ^th
on March 29, 2007. (In the 109 Congress, similar provisions were included in S. 3492 at Section
6.) In his statement upon introducing the bills, Senator Voinovich stated that “employees should
receive annually a rigorous evaluation” with pay determined “by the productivity, effectiveness,
and the contributions of an employee.” He stated that the amendments proposed in S. 1046 would
keep SL and ST employees “on equal footing” with members of the Senior Executive Service in ²⁴
terms of pay and performance management. The bill was referred to the Senate Subcommittee
on Oversight of Government Management, the Federal Workforce, and the District of Columbia
of the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. It was marked up and
ordered reported without amendment by the full committee on June 13, 2007. The committee ²⁵
reported S. 1046, without amendment, on April 22, 2008 (S.Rept. 110-328). During Senate

²⁰^T^r^e^a^s^ur^y^,^P^o^s^t^a^l^Se^rv^ic^e^a^{nd G}^e^ne^ra^{l G}^ove^rnm^e^{nt A}^ppropria^ti^ons^A^c^{t, 1991,}^P^.^L^.¹^01-⁵⁰^{9, T}^itle^V^,^§52⁹^[^T^itle^I,
^§10²⁽^a⁾⁽¹⁾^]^{, N}^o^v^e^m^b^e^r^{5, 19}⁹⁰^{; 1}⁰⁴^Sta^t^.¹³^89,^a^t¹⁴²⁷^,¹⁴^43;^{5 U}^.^S.C^.^§⁵³⁷⁶^.
²¹^{5 U}^.^S^.^C^.^§5³⁰⁴⁽^g⁾⁽²⁾^.
²²^H^o^m^e^la^{nd Se}^c^u^rity^A^c^{t of}^2002,^P.L^.¹⁰^7-2^96,^T^itle^X^III,^§¹³^22,^N^o^v^e^m^b^e^r^25,²⁰^02;¹¹⁶^Sta^t^.²¹^{35, a}^t²²⁹⁷^-2²⁹^8;
^{5 U}^.^S.C^.^§⁵³⁰⁷⁽^d)^pr^ov^ide^d^f^o^r^O^P^{M c}^e^r^tif^ic^a^{tion of}^a^g^eⁿ^cy^pe^r^f^or^m^a^nc^e^a^ppr^aⁱ^s^a^{l sy}^s^t^em^s^w^{ith the}^c^onc^ur^r^e^nc^e^of
^the^O^f^fⁱ^c^e^of^Ma^na^g^e^m^e^{nt a}^{nd B}^udg^e^t⁽^O^MB⁾^.^Se^e^f^ootno^te¹⁶^f^o^r^the^r^e^g^u^la^tio^ns^im^ple^m^eⁿ^ting^the^pr^ov^is^io^{n. A}ⁿ
^a^g^eⁿ^cy^’^s^c^e^r^ti^fⁱ^c^a^{tion is}^f^o^r^a^pe^rⁱ^od^of^tw^{o c}^a^l^e^nda^r^y^e^a^r^s^,^{but m}^a^y^be^te^r^m^ina^t^e^d^a^t^aⁿ^y^ti^m^e^{upon a}^fⁱ^nding^tha^t^the
^a^g^eⁿ^cy^ha^s^{not c}^onf^or^m^e^{d w}^{ith a}^pplic^a^b^le^r^e^quir^e^m^e^nts^.
²³^{5 U}^.^S^.^C^.^§5³⁰⁷⁽^a⁾⁽¹⁾^.
²⁴^Sta^t^e^m^eⁿ^{t of}^Se^na^tor^G^e^or^g^e^Voinov^ic^h,^C^o^ng^ressioⁿ^a^l^Reco^rd^,^d^aⁱ^l^y^edⁱ^tⁱ^oⁿ^,^vo^l.¹⁵^3,^M^a^r^c^h²⁹^,²⁰⁰⁷^,^p.^S4¹⁸^0.
²⁵^{U.S. C}^ong^re^{ss, Se}^na^te^Com^m^itte^e^{on H}^o^m^e^la^{nd Se}^c^u^rity^a^{nd G}^ove^rnm^e^nta^l^Aff^a^irs,^Se^nior^Pr^o^f^e^s^sⁱ^on^al
⁽^c^onti^nue^d.^..)

consideration of the bill, a substitute amendment offered by Senator Voinovich was agreed to and ²⁶
the Senate passed S. 1046 by unanimous consent on July 11, 2008. The bill, as passed by the
Senate was referred to the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform on July 14,

2008. The Congressional Budget Office estimated that implementation of S. 1046 would cost ²⁷

“roughly $7 million between 2008 and 2012.” The House of Representatives passed S. 1046
under suspension of the rules on a 419 to 0 (Roll No. 659) vote on September 26, 2008. During
the House debate, Representative Christopher Shays stated that “the purpose of the bill is to align ²⁸
the pay system for ... [SL’s and ST’s] with that of the Senior Executive Service Members.”
President Bush signed the bill on October 8, 2008, and it became P.L. 110-372.
Among other provisions, the law amends 5 U.S.C. §5376(b)(1)(B) to provide that SL and ST
employees in agencies whose performance appraisal systems have been certified by OPM as
making meaningful distinctions in performance, may receive basic pay up to Level II of the
Executive Schedule ($177,000, as of January 2009). In agencies whose performance appraisal
systems have not been so certified by OPM, SL and ST employees may receive basic pay up to
Level III of the Executive Schedule ($162,900, as of January 2009). SL and ST employees will
not receive locality pay. According to OPM, guidance on implementing the law will be provided
to departments and agencies and the provisions will become effective on April 12, 2009.
Table 3, below, shows January 2004 through January 2009 salaries for SL and ST employees in ²⁹
the Washington, DC, and “Rest of the United States” locality pay areas.
Table 3. Pay for Senior-Level (SL) and Scientific and Professional (ST) Employees
^{Washington, DC}^{Pay Area}^{“Rest of the United Stat}^es”^{Pay Area}
^{Minimum Maximum}^Minimum^Maximum
^{Effective January 2004}
^{Basic Pay}^{Basic Pay}
^$10^4,92^{7 $13}^6,90⁰^$10^4,92⁷^$13^6,90⁰
^{With Locality Pay Adjustment}^{With Locality Pay Adjustment}
^$12^0,27^{8 $14}^5,60⁰^$11^6,36⁴^$14^5,60⁰
^{Effective January 2005}
^{Basic Pay}^{Basic Pay}
^$10^7,55^{0 $14}^0,30⁰^$10^7,55⁰^$14^0,30⁰
^{With Locality Pay Adjustment}^{With Locality Pay Adjustment}
^$12^4,73^{6 $14}^9,20⁰^$12^0,15⁵^$14^9,20⁰

^(...c^on^tin^ue^d)
^P^e^rf^o^r^maⁿ^{ce A}^c^t^of²⁰⁰⁷^,^re^p^o^r^t^t^o^acco^m^p^an^y^S^.¹⁰⁴⁶^,¹¹⁰^th^Co^ng^{., 2}^nd^s^e^s^s^.⁽^W^a^s^hing^{ton: G}^P^O^,²⁰⁰⁸⁾^.
²⁶^Co^ng^ressioⁿ^a^l^Reco^rd^{, da}^ily^e^d^it^ion,^v^o^l.¹⁵^{4, J}^u^ly^{11, 2}⁰⁰⁸^,^pp^{. S}⁶⁶⁰^9-^S⁶⁶¹⁰^.
²⁷^U^.^{S. C}^ong^r^e^s^sⁱ^ona^{l B}^udg^e^t^O^f^fⁱ^ce^,^C^o^s^t^Es^tim^ate^,^S^.¹⁰⁴⁶^Seⁿⁱ^or^Pr^ofe^s^sⁱ^on^{al Pe}^r^f^or^m^anc^e^Ac^t^of²⁰⁰⁷^{, Se}^pte^m^be^r
^{12, 20}⁰⁷^.
²⁸^Co^ng^ressioⁿ^a^l^Reco^rd^{, da}^ily^e^d^it^ion,^Se^pte^m^be^r^25,²⁰⁰⁸^,^{p. H}⁹⁸⁸^4.
²⁹^T^h^e^r^e^a^r^e^{32 loc}^a^lity^pa^y^a^r^e^a^s^f^o^{r the}^p^u^rp^ose^s^of^the^l^o^c^a^lity^-ba^s^e^d^c^o^m^p^a^r^a^b^ility^pa^y^m^eⁿ^{ts—31 di}^sc^re^te^pa^y^a^r^e^a^s
^an^d^{a “Rest}^o^f^t^h^{e Un}ⁱ^t^ed^S^t^at^es”^p^a^y^ar^{ea co}^veriⁿ^g^al^l^e^m^p^l^o^y^{ees n}^o^tⁱⁿ^on^{e o}^f^t^h^e³¹^areas.^S^a^l^a^ryⁱⁿ^f^o^rmatⁱ^oⁿ^f^o^{r S}^L
^a^{nd ST}^e^m^ploy^e^e^s^{in a}^{ll 32}^loc^a^lⁱ^t^y^pa^y^a^r^e^a^s^{is a}^v^a^ila^ble^{on t}^h^e^Int^e^rne^t^a^t^htt^p^://w^ww^.opm^.^g^ov^.

^{Washington, DC}^{Pay Area}^{“Rest of the United Stat}^es”^{Pay Area}
^{Effective January 2006}
^{Basic Pay}^{Basic Pay}
^$10^9,80^{8 $14}^3,00⁰^$10^9,80⁸^$14^3,00⁰
^{With Locality Pay Adjustment}^{With Locality Pay Adjustment}
^$12^9,02^{4 $15}^2,00⁰^$12^3,55⁶^$15^2,00⁰
^{Effective January 2007}
^{Basic Pay}^{Basic Pay}
^$11^1,67^{6 $14}^5,40⁰^$11^1,67⁶^$14^5,40⁰
^{With Locality Pay Adjustment}^{With Locality Pay Adjustment}
^$13^2,43^{7 $15}^4,60⁰^$12^5,79²^$15^4,60⁰
^{Effective January 2008}
^{Basic Pay}^{Basic Pay}
^$11^4,46^{8 $14}^9,00⁰^$11^4,46⁸^$14^9,00⁰
^{With Locality Pay Adjustment}^{With Locality Pay Adjustment}
^$13^8,38^{0 $15}^8,50⁰^$12^9,55⁵^$15^8,50⁰
^{Effective January 2009}
^{Basic Pay}^{Basic Pay}
^$11^7,78^{7 $15}^3,20⁰^$11^7,78⁷^$15^3,20⁰
^{With Locality Pay Adjustments}^{With Locality Pay Adjustment}
^$14^4,99^{6 $16}^2,90⁰^$13^4,11²^$16^2,90⁰
^Note:^{The Washington, DC, l}^{ocality pay area is officially named the Washington-Baltimore-North}^{ern Virginia,}
^DC-MD-VA-W^{V, Combined Stat}^{istical Area (CSA)}^{, plus the Hage}^{rstown-Martins}^bu^{rg, MD-WV, Metropolitan}
^{Statistical Area, the York-Hanover-Gettysb}^{urg, PA, CSA, and King George County, VA.}

The General Schedule (GS) is the basic pay schedule for federal white-collar employees. It is
divided into grades of difficulty and responsibility of work. There are 15 grades and 10 steps
within each grade. The duties attached to positions at each grade are stated in statute at 5 U.S.C.
§5104. Those for a GS-15, the top level of the schedule, are these:
⁽^A⁾^to^p^e^r^f^o^r^m^,^uⁿ^d^e^r^g^eⁿ^e^r^a^{l ad}^mⁱⁿⁱ^str^a^ti^v^e^dⁱ^r^ectioⁿ^,^wⁱ^t^h^v^e^r^y^wⁱ^d^e^latit^u^d^{e f}^o^r^th^e
^ex^er^{cise o}^fⁱⁿ^d^e^p^eⁿ^d^eⁿ^{t j}^u^d^g^m^en^t,^w^o^r^k^o^f^o^u^t^s^taⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^dⁱ^f^f^ic^u^l^t^y^aⁿ^d^r^e^sp^oⁿ^sib^ilit^y^a^l^oⁿ^g
^s^p^{ecial tech}^{nical, s}^u^pervis^or^y^,^or^a^d^mⁱⁿⁱ^s^t^r^a^ti^v^e^lin^e^s^w^h^ic^h^h^a^{s d}^e^m^oⁿ^s^tr^ated^lead^er^sh^ip^an^d
^ex^cep^tioⁿ^a^{l attai}ⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^s;
^(B^{) to}^s^e^rv^{e as}^h^{ead of}^{a m}^a^j^o^r^org^aⁿⁱ^zation^wⁱ^t^hⁱⁿ^{a bu}^reauⁱⁿ^v^o^l^vⁱⁿ^g^w^o^rk^of^co^m^p^arable
^lev^e^l;
^(C^{) t}^o^pl^an^aⁿ^{d di}^rect^{or t}^o^pl^an^aⁿ^{d ex}^ec^u^t^e^s^p^{ecialized prog}^ra^m^s^of^m^a^r^k^{ed diff}^ic^u^l^t^y^,
^r^e^sp^oⁿ^sib^ilit^y^,^an^dⁿ^a^tioⁿ^a^l^sigⁿ^if^ican^{ce, alo}ⁿ^g^p^r^o^f^es^sioⁿ^{al, scie}ⁿ^tⁱ^f^{ic, tech}ⁿⁱ^cal,
^admⁱⁿⁱ^s^t^ratⁱ^v^e^{, fi}^s^cal^{, or ot}^h^e^r^lⁱⁿ^es^{, requi}^ri^ng^e^x^ten^d^{ed trai}ⁿⁱⁿ^g^aⁿ^{d e}^x^perien^ce^w^h^{ich h}^a^s
^d^e^m^oⁿ^s^tr^ated^lead^er^sh^ip^aⁿ^d^uⁿ^u^s^u^a^l^attaiⁿ^m^eⁿ^t^{s i}ⁿ^p^r^o^f^e^s^sioⁿ^al,^scieⁿ^tⁱ^f^{ic, o}^r^tec^hⁿⁱ^ca^l

^res^earch^{, practice, or adm}ⁱⁿⁱ^s^t^ration^,^{or in}^ad^mⁱⁿⁱ^s^t^rativ^e,^fⁱ^s^{cal, or oth}^e^{r s}^p^ecialized
^activ^itie^{s; o}^r
^(D⁾^t^o^perf^orm^cons^u^l^tⁱⁿ^g^or^ot^h^e^r^prof^es^sⁱ^on^a^l^,^s^cⁱ^eⁿ^tⁱ^fⁱ^c^,^t^e^chⁿⁱ^c^a^l^,^a^d^mⁱⁿⁱ^s^t^r^a^tⁱ^v^e^,^fⁱ^s^c^a^l^,^o^r
^o^t^h^e^r^sp^ecialized^w^o^r^k^o^f^eq^u^a^{l i}^m^p^o^r^tan^{ce, d}ⁱ^f^f^ic^u^l^t^y^{, a}ⁿ^d^r^e^sp^oⁿ^sib^ilit^y^,^an^d^r^e^q^u^irⁱⁿ^g³⁰
^com^p^{arable qu}^ali^f^icatioⁿ^s^.
GS employees receive an annual adjustment to basic pay and a locality-based comparability
payment. EX pay rates provide limitations on GS pay. Basic pay cannot exceed EX Level V
($143,500, as of January 2009); basic pay and locality pay combined cannot exceed EX Level IV
($153,200, as of January 2009); and total compensation cannot exceed EX Level I ($196,700, as ³¹
of January 2009). GS-15 employees at the upper end of that pay grade in 16 areas are currently
affected by the EX Level IV cap on basic pay and locality pay combined as follows:
• employees at step 10 in the (1) Denver-Aurora-Boulder, CO, CSA, plus the Ft.
Collins-Loveland, CO, MSA; (2) Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL,
MSA, plus Monroe County, FL; (3) Minneapolis-St. Paul-St. Cloud, MN-WI,
CSA; (4) Philadelphia-Camden-Vineland, PA-NJ-DE-MD, CSA, plus Kent
County, DE, Atlantic County, NJ, and Cape May County, NJ; (5) Sacramento -
Arden-Arcade - Yuba City, CA-NV, CSA, plus Carson City, NV; (6) Seattle-
Tacoma-Olympia, WA, CSA, plus Whatcom County, WA; and (7) Washington-
Baltimore-Northern Virginia, DC-MD-VA-WV, CSA, plus the Hagerstown-
Martinsburg, MD-WV, MSA, the York-Hanover-Gettysburg, PA, CSA, and King
George County, VA.
• employees at steps 9 and 10 in the (1) Boston-Worcester-Manchester, MA-RI-
NH, Combined Statistical Area (CSA), plus Barnstable County, MA, and
Berwick, Eliot, Kittery, South Berwick, and York towns in York County, ME; (2)
Chicago-Naperville-Michigan City, IL-IN-WI, CSA; (3) Detroit-Warren-Flint,
MI, CSA, plus Lenawee County, MI; (4) Hartford-West Hartford-Willimantic,
CT, CSA, plus the Springfield, MA, MSA and New London County, CT; (5) Los
Angeles-Long Beach-Riverside, CA, CSA, plus the Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-
Goleta, CA, MSA and Edwards Air Force Base, CA; and (6) San Diego-
Carlsbad-San Marcos, CA, MSA.
• employees at steps 8, 9, and 10 in the (1) Houston-Baytown, Huntsville, TX,
CSA; and (2) New York-Newark-Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA, CSA, plus Monroe
County, PA, and Warren County, NJ.
• employees at steps 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 in the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA, ³²
CSA, plus the Salinas, CA, MSA and San Joaquin County, CA.
Table 4, below, shows January 2004 through January 2009 salaries for employees at GS grade 15 ³³
in the Washington, DC, and “Rest of the United States” locality pay areas.

³⁰^{5 U}^.^S^.^C^.^§5¹⁰⁴⁽¹⁵⁾^.
³¹^{5 U}^.^S^.^C^.^§5³⁰³⁽^f⁾^{, 5 U}^.^S.C^.^§⁵³⁰⁴⁽^g⁾⁽¹⁾^,^aⁿ^d^{5 U}^.^S.C^.^§⁵³⁰⁷⁽^a⁾⁽¹⁾^.^Se^e^C^R^S^R^e^p^o^r^t^R^L³³⁷³^2,^Fe^de^{ral W}^h^ite^-
^Collar^Pay^:^FY²⁰⁰⁸^S^a^lary^A^d^jus^t^me^nts^,^b^y^Barb^{ara L}^.^S^c^h^w^e^m^l^e^,^f^o^{r an}^an^al^y^sⁱ^s^o^f^t^h^{e p}^a^y^ad^j^u^st^men^t^p^r^o^{cess f}^o^r
^G^e^ne^r^a^{l Sc}^he^dule^pos^iti^ons^.
³²^For^aⁿ^aⁿ^a^l^y^s^is^of^the^pay^c^a^p^{, s}^e^e^C^R^S^R^e^por^t^R^L³⁴³^80,^T^h^e^E^xecu^tⁱ^{ve S}^c^h^e^du^l^e^IV^P^a^{y Cap}^oⁿ^G^eⁿ^e^ra^l^S^c^h^e^d^u^l^e
^Co^mp^en^sa^tⁱ^oⁿ^,^by^Curtis^W^.^Cop^e^la^nd.

Table 4. Pay for General Schedule Grade GS-15
^{Washington, DC, Pay}^Area^{“Rest of the United Stat}^es”^{Pay Area}
^{Minimum (Step}¹⁾^{Maximum (Step}¹⁰⁾^{Minimum (Step}¹⁾^{Maximum (Step}¹⁰⁾
^{Effective January 2004}
^{Basic Pay}^{Basic Pay}
^$87,4^{39 $11}^3,67⁴^$87,4³⁹^$11^3,67⁴
^{With Locality Pay Adjustment}^{With Locality Pay Adjustment}
^$10^0,23^{1 $13}^0,30⁵^$96,9⁷⁰^$12^6,06⁴
^{Effective January 2005}
^{Basic Pay}^{Basic Pay}
^$89,6^{25 $11}^6,51⁷^$89,6²⁵^$11^6,51⁷
^{With Locality Pay Adjustment}^{With Locality Pay Adjustment}
^$10^3,94^{7 $13}^5,13⁶^$10^0,12⁹^$13^0,17³
^{Effective January 2006}
^{Basic Pay}^{Basic Pay}
^$91,5^{07 $11}^8,95⁷^$91,5⁰⁷^$11^8,95⁷
^{With Locality Pay Adjustment}^{With Locality Pay Adjustment}
^$10^7,52^{1 $13}^9,77⁴^$10^2,96⁴^$13^3,85⁰
^{Effective January 2007}
^{Basic Pay}^{Basic Pay}
^$93,0^{63 $12}^0,98¹^$93,0⁶³^$12^0,98¹
^{With Locality Pay Adjustment}^{With Locality Pay Adjustment}
^$11^0,36^{3 $14}^3,47¹^$10^4,82⁶^$13^6,27³
^{Effective January 2008}
^{Basic Pay}^{Basic Pay}
^$95,3^{90 $12}^4,01⁰^$95,3⁹⁰^$12^4,01⁰
^{With Locality Pay Adjustment}^{With Locality Pay Adjustment}
^$11^5,31^{7 $14}^9,00⁰^$10^7,96²^$14^0,35⁵
^{Effective January 2009}
^{Basic Pay}^{Basic Pay}
^$98,1^{56 $12}^7,60⁴^$98,1⁵⁶^$12^7,60⁴
^{With Locality Pay Adjustments}^{With Locality Pay Adjustment}
^$12^0,83^{0 $15}^3,20⁰^$11^1,76⁰^$14^5,29⁰
^Note:^{The Washington, DC, l}^{ocality pay area is officially named the Washington-Baltimore-North}^{ern Virginia,}
^DC-MD-VA-W^{V, Combined Stat}^{istical Area (CSA)}^{, plus the Hage}^{rstown-Martins}^bu^{rg, MD-WV, Metropolitan}
^{Statistical Area, the York-Hanover-Gettysb}^{urg, PA, CSA, and King George County, VA.}

^(...c^on^tin^ue^d)
³³^Sa^la^ry^ta^ble^s^f^o^{r G}^S^{-15 e}^m^plo^y^e^e^{s in a}^{ll 3}²^l^o^c^a^lity^pa^y^a^r^e^a^{s a}^r^e^a^v^a^ila^ble^{on the}^Iⁿ^te^rne^t^a^t^htt^p^://^www^.op^m^.g^ov^.

^B^a^{rbara L}^.^Schw^e^m^le
^An^al^y^s^{t i}ⁿ^Am^erican^Natⁱ^on^al^Gov^e^rnm^e^nt
^bs^chw^e^m^l^e^@^crs^.^l^o^c.g^o^v^,^7-⁸⁶⁵⁵