Recess Appointments Made by President George W. Bush, January 20, 2001-October 31, 2008

Recess Appointments Made by President
George W. Bush, January 20, 2001-
October 31, 2008
Updated November 3, 2008
Henry B. Hogue
Analyst in American National Government
Government and Finance Division
Maureen Bearden
Information Research Specialist
Knowledge Services Group

Recess Appointments Made by President George W.
Bush, January 20, 2001-October 31, 2008
Summary
Under the Constitution, the President and the Senate share the power to make
appointments to the highest-level politically appointed positions in the federal
government. The Constitution also empowers the President unilaterally to make a
temporary appointment to such a position if it is vacant and the Senate is in recess.
Such an appointment, termed a recess appointment, expires at the end of the
following session of the Senate. This report identifies recess appointments made by
President George W. Bush from the time he took office on January 20, 2001, through
October 31, 2008. Basic descriptive statistics regarding these appointments are also
provided.
As of October 31, 2008, President Bush had made 171 recess appointments.
President William J. Clinton, in comparison, made a total of 139 recess appointments
during the course of his presidency. Of President Bush’s 171 recess appointments,

99 were to full-time positions, and the remaining 72 were to part-time positions.

Thirty were made during recesses between Congresses or between sessions of
Congress (intersession recess appointments). The remaining 141 were made during
recesses within sessions of Congress (intrasession recess appointments). The
duration of the 24 recesses during which President Bush made recess appointments
ranged from 10 to 47 days. The average (mean) duration of these recesses was 25
days, and the median duration was 26 days.
In 165 of the 171 cases in which President Bush made a recess appointment, the
individual was also nominated, by October 31, 2008, to the position to which he or
she had been appointed. In 162 of these 165 cases, the individuals being appointed
had previously been nominated to the position. In the three remaining cases, the
individuals were first nominated to the position after the recess appointment. Of the
165 cases in which the President submitted a nomination for the recess appointee, as
of October 31, 2008, 95 had resulted in confirmation, 6 were pending in the Senate,
and the remaining 64 had failed to be confirmed. In 31 of these 64 recess
appointment cases, the President withdrew the nominations of the appointees, and in
the remaining 33 cases, the nominations were returned to the President.
Additional information may be found in other CRS reports. For general
information on recess appointments practice, see CRS Report RS21308, Recess
Appointments: Frequently Asked Questions, by Henry B. Hogue. For information on
related legal issues, see CRS Report RL32971, Judicial Recess Appointments: A
Legal Overview, and CRS Report RL33009, Recess Appointments: A Legal
Overview, both by T.J. Halstead.
This report will be updated periodically, as additional recess appointments are
made.

Contents
Table 1. Recess Appointments by President George W. Bush to Full- and
Part-Time Positions, January 20, 2001- October 31, 2008..............2
Table 2. Summary Information Concerning Recess Appointments
by President George W. Bush, January 20, 2001- October 31, 2008.......4
Table 3. Senate Intersession Recesses, Intrasession Recesses of Four
or More Days, and Numbers of Recess Appointments,
January 20, 2001-October 31, 2008................................8
Table 4. Recess Appointments to Full-Time Positions
by President George W. Bush, January 20, 2001- October 31, 2008^a.....11
Table 5. Recess Appointments to Part-Time Positions
by President George W. Bush, January 20, 2001- October 31, 2008^a.....16

Recess Appointments Made by President
George W. Bush, January 20, 2001-
October 31, 2008
Under the Constitution, the President and the Senate share the power to make
appointments to the highest-level politically appointed positions in the federal
government.¹ The Constitution also empowers the President unilaterally to make a²
temporary appointment to such a position if it is vacant and the Senate is in recess.
Such an appointment, termed a recess appointment, expires at the end of the³
following session of the Senate. The records of debate at the Constitutional
Convention and the Federalist Papers provide little evidence of the framers’
intentions in the recess appointment clause. Opinions by later Attorneys General,
however, suggested that the purpose of the clause was to allow the President to
maintain the continuity of administrative government through the temporary filling
of offices during periods when the Senate was not in session, at which time his⁴
nominees could not be considered or confirmed. This interpretation is bolstered by
the fact that both Houses of Congress had relatively short sessions and long recesses^th
during the early years of the Republic. In fact, until the beginning of the 20 century,
the Senate was, on average, in session less than half the year.⁵
This report identifies recess appointments made by President George W. Bush⁶
from the time he took office on January 20, 2001, through October 31, 2008. Basic

¹ U.S. Constitution, Article 2, § 2, cl. 2.
² Article 2, Section 2, clause 3 reads, “The President shall have Power to fill up all
Vacancies that may happen during the Recess of the Senate, by granting Commissions
which shall expire at the End of their next Session.”
³ As discussed in detail later in this report, each Congress covers a two-year period,
generally composed of two sessions.
⁴ An opinion by Attorney General William Wirt in 1823 concerning the meaning of the word
“happen” in the clause provides one example. (The clause states, “[t]he President shall have
Power to fill up all Vacancies that may happen during the Recess of the Senate, by granting
Commissions which shall expire at the End of their next Session” [Article 2, Section 2, cl.
3].) In part, he stated, “The substantial purpose of the constitution was to keep these offices
filled; and the powers adequate to this purpose were intended to be conveyed.” 1 Op. A.G.
at 632.
⁵ U.S. Congress, Joint Committee on Printing, 2007-2008 Official Congressional Directory

110^th Congress, S. Pub. 110-13, 110^th Cong. (Washington: GPO, 2007), pp. 516-520.

⁶ Information was obtained from news releases from the White House website, available at
[http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/], the White House Executive Clerk, and the Legislative
Information System (LIS) nominations database, available at [http://www.congress.gov/

descriptive statistics regarding these appointments are also provided. Additional
information concerning recess appointment practice, judicial recess appointments,
and legal issues related to recess appointments may be found in other CRS reports.⁷
As of October 31, 2008, President Bush had made 171 recess appointments.
President William J. Clinton, in comparison, made a total of 139 recess appointments
during the course of his presidency. Of President Bush’s 171 recess appointments,

99 were to full-time positions, and the remaining 72 were to part-time positions.

Table 1 provides the number of recess appointments in each of these categories for
each year of the Bush presidency. In general, the top leadership positions in the
federal government are full-time positions to which appointments are made through
the advice and consent process. For example, among the full-time offices to which
President Bush made recess appointments, five were deputy secretary positions and
two were federal appeals court judgeships. Part-time positions can also be vested
with statutory policy-making authority that can have broad impact. The members of
the Defense Base Closure and Realignment Commission, who received recess
appointments from President Bush, could be considered among the positions in this
category.
Table 1. Recess Appointments by President George W. Bush to
Full- and Part-Time Positions, January 20, 2001-
October 31, 2008
P ositions 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008^a Tot a l
Full-time 1 19 14 30 8 23 4 0 99
Part-ime0 3241513170 072
Total122 3845214040171
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^a^.^T^h^r^o^{ugh O}^c^t^o^b^e^r³¹^.
The text of the Constitution states that the President has the authority to exercise
this power during “the Recess of the Senate.”⁸ The precise meaning of that phrase
has been a matter of some debate related to two types of congressional recess. The
Twentieth Amendment to the Constitution provides that Congress will meet annually

⁶ (...continued)
nomis/].
⁷ For information on recess appointments generally, see CRS Report RS21308, Recess
Appointments: Frequently Asked Questions, by Henry B. Hogue. For information on related
legal issues, see CRS Report RL32971, Judicial Recess Appointments: A Legal Overview,
and CRS Report RL33009, Recess Appointments: A Legal Overview, both by T.J. Halstead.
⁸ Article 2, § 2, cl. 3.

on January 3, “unless they shall by law appoint a different day.”⁹ In recent decades,
each Congress has consisted of two 9-12 month sessions separated by an intersession
recess. The period between the second session of one Congress and the first session
of the following Congress is also referred to as an intersession recess. Within each
of the sessions, Congress has typically adjourned for 5-11 intrasession recesses of
four days or longer, usually in conjunction with national holidays.
Some scholars have asserted that recess appointments may be made only during
intersession recesses.¹⁰ Others take a broader view of the meaning of “Recess” as
used in the recess appointments clause and assert that the President may also make
recess appointments during intrasession recesses.¹¹ Notwithstanding the ongoing
discourse in this area, recent Presidents have made recess appointments during both
kinds of recesses. Of the 171 recess appointments by President Bush, as of October
31, 2008, 30 were intersession recess appointments and 141 were intrasession recess
appointments. (See Table 2.)
In 165 of the 171 cases in which President Bush made a recess appointment, by
October 31, 2008, the individuals were also nominated to the position to which they
had been appointed.¹² Table 2 shows the disposition of these cases. In 162 of these
165 cases, the individuals being appointed had previously been nominated to the
position. In three additional cases, the individuals were first nominated to the
position after the recess appointment.
Of the 165 cases in which the President submitted a nomination for the recess
appointee, as of October 31, 2008, 95 had resulted in confirmation, 6 were pending
in the Senate, and the remaining 64 had failed to be confirmed. In 31 of these 64
cases, the President withdrew the nominations of the appointees. In the remaining
33 cases, the nominations were returned to the President. Table 2 shows the
disposition of these cases.
As Table 2 shows, nearly all of President Bush’s recess appointments, as of
October 31, 2008, had been to positions in the executive branch. Six of the 171
appointments had been to positions in the judicial branch. Two of these — those of
Charles W. Pickering and William H. Pryor — were to federal judgeships. The
remaining four were to full- and part-time membership positions on the United States
Sentencing Commission.¹³

⁹ U.S. Constitution, 20^th Amend., § 2.
¹⁰ See, for example, Michael B. Rappaport, “The Original Meaning of the Recess
Appointments Clause,” UCLA Law Review, vol. 52, June 2005, p. 1487.
¹¹ See, for example, Edward A. Hartnett, “Recess Appointments of Article III Judges: Three
Constitutional Questions,” Cardozo Law Review, vol. 26, January 2005, p. 377.
¹² The remaining 6 of the 171 recess appointees had not been nominated, by October 31,

2008, to the positions to which they had been appointed.

¹³ The chair and three vice chairs are full-time positions; the remaining member slots are
part-time positions.

Table 2. Summary Information Concerning Recess
Appointments by President George W. Bush, January 20, 2001-
October 31, 2008
Total Number of Recess Appointments171
Appointments during intersession recesses — between sessions of Congress30
Appointments during intrasession recesses — within sessions of Congress141
Appointments to executive branch positions165
Appointments to judicial branch positions6
Recess appointments for which a nomination was made by 165
October 31, 2008
Nomination timing
Recess appointments preceded by nomination162
Recess appointments followed by nomination3
Nomination disposition as of October 31, 2008^a
Resulted in confirmation95
Pending in the Senate6
Withdrawn by the President31
Returned to the President33
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In 17 of the 162 cases in which the President had previously submitted a
nomination to the Senate, the nominations had been under Senate consideration for
more than a year at the time of the recess appointment. In 25 cases, the nominations
had been under Senate consideration for less than a month at the time of the recess
appointment. The elapsed times between initial nomination and recess appointment
ranged from five days to 965 days (approximately 32 months).¹⁴ The mean elapsed

¹⁴ Beryl A. Howell and John R. Steer were recess-appointed to be members of the United
States Sentencing Commission five days after their initial nominations to those positions.
(Steer was also designated as the organization’s vice chair.) Charles W. Pickering was
recess-appointed to be a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit 965 days
after his first nomination to that position.

time for the 162 cases in which a nomination preceded the recess appointment was

184 days. The median elapsed time was 161 days (between five and six months).¹⁵

As previously noted, until the beginning of the 20^th century, the Senate was, on
average, in session for less than half the year. In recent decades, by contrast, the
Senate has been in session through most of the year, but has taken a series of recesses
within each session. As a result, recent recesses of the Senate, which have occurred
both within and between sessions, have been generally shorter than were the recesses
of earlier times, which occurred chiefly between sessions.¹⁶
The Recess Appointments Clause does not specify the length of time that the
Senate must be in recess before the President may make a recess appointment. Over
the last century, as shorter recesses have become more commonplace, Attorneys
General and the Office of Legal Counsel have offered differing views on this issue.
In 1993, a Department of Justice brief implied that the President may make a recess
appointment during a recess of more than three days.¹⁷ It stated, “The Constitution
restricts the Senate’s ability to adjourn its session for more than three days without
obtaining the consent of the House of Representatives.... It might be argued that this
means that the Framers did not consider one, two and three day recesses to be
constitutionally significant.”
It has become commonplace for Presidents to make recess appointments during
recesses of less than 30 days. Between January 20, 1981, the beginning of the
Reagan presidency, and October 31, 2008,¹⁸ it appears that the shortest intersession
recess during which a President made a recess appointment was 10 days,¹⁹ and the

¹⁵ Two measures of central tendency are presented here: the mean, or average, and the
median. The mean is the more familiar measure, and it was calculated by adding together
the elapsed times for all of the cases and dividing the resulting sum by the total number of
cases (162 — each appointment that had been preceded by a nomination is a case in this
instance). The median is the middle number in a set of observations (or, in this case,
because of an even number of observations, the average of the two middle numbers). In data
sets, such as this one, where the data are skewed because of a limited number of extreme
values, the median is often considered to be the more accurate of the two measures of central
tendency.
¹⁶ U.S. Congress, Joint Committee on Printing, 2007-2008 Official Congressional Directory

110^th Congress, S. Pub. 110-13, 110^th Cong. (Washington: GPO), pp. 516-532.

¹⁷ Mackie v. Clinton, Civil Action 93-0032-LFO, July 2, 1993, p. 25. The constitutional
provision to which the brief refers states, “Neither House, during the Session of the
Congress, shall, without the Consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to
any other Place than that in which the two Houses shall be sitting.”
¹⁸ This is the period for which comprehensive data on recesses during which recess
appointments have been made are readily available.
¹⁹ President Ronald W. Reagan recess appointed John C. Miller to be a member of the
National Labor Relations Board on December 23, 1982, during a recess that began that day
and lasted until the Senate reconvened on January 3, 1983. (U.S. President (Reagan),
“Digest of Other White House Announcements,” Weekly Compilation of Presidential
Documents, vol. 18, December 23, 1982, p. 1662.) Ten days elapsed between these two
(continued...)

shortest intrasession recess during which a President made a recess appointment was
nine days.²⁰
On November 16, 2007, the Senate Majority Leader announced that the Senate
would “be coming in for pro forma sessions during the Thanksgiving holiday to
prevent recess appointments.”²¹ The Senate recessed later that day and pro forma
meetings²² were convened on November 20, 23, 27, and 29, with no business
conducted. The Senate next conducted business after reconvening on December 3,
2007. The President made no recess appointments during that period. On December
19, 2007, the Senate Majority Leader announced that similar pro forma meetings
would be held in the following days, again for the purpose of preventing the
President from making recess appointments.²³ Later that day, the Senate agreed, by
unanimous consent, to hold a series of pro forma meetings until sine die adjournment
of the first session, and to hold another series beginning with the convening of the
second session.²⁴ The Senate recessed on December 19, 2007, and pro forma
meetings were held on December 21, 23, 26, 28, and 31. The Senate adjourned sine
die on December 31, 2007. On January 3, 2008, the Senate convened its second
session, but no other business was conducted. Pro forma meetings of the Senate were
held on January 7, 9, 11, 15, and 18. On January 22, the Senate reconvened and
conducted business. The President made no recess appointments between December

19, 2007, and January 22, 2008.

Similar procedures were followed during other periods, in 2008, that would
otherwise have been Senate recesses of a week or longer in duration.²⁵ On September

¹⁹ (...continued)
dates.
²⁰ On May 31, 1996, President William J. Clinton recess appointed Johnny H. Hayes to be
a member of the Tennessee Valley Authority. (U.S. President (Clinton), “Digest of Other
White House Announcements,” Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents, vol. 32,
May 31, 1996, p. 980.) The Senate had adjourned on May 24, 1996, and reconvened on
June 3. Nine days elapsed between these two days.
²¹ Sen. Harry Reid, “Recess Appointments,” remarks in the Senate, Congressional Record,
daily edition, vol. 153, November 16, 2007, p. S14609.
²² A pro forma session is a short meeting of the House or Senate during which it is
understood that no business will be conducted.
²³ Sen. Harry Reid, “Order of Business,” remarks in the Senate, Congressional Record, daily
edition, vol. 153, December 19, 2007, p. S15980.
²⁴ Sen. Harry Reid, “Order of Procedure,” remarks in the Senate, Congressional Record,
daily edition, vol. 153, December 19, 2007, p. S16069.
²⁵ See Sen. Harry Reid, “Order of Procedure,” remarks in the Senate, Congressional Record,
daily edition, vol. 154, February 14, 2008, p. S1085; Sen. Harry Reid, “Order of Procedure,”
remarks in the Senate, Congressional Record, daily edition, vol. 154, March 14, 2008, p.
S219; Sen. Harry Reid, “Orders of Procedure,” remarks in the Senate, Congressional
Record, daily edition, vol. 154, May 22, 2008, p. S4849; Sen. Carl Levin, “Orders for
Monday, June 30, and Monday July 7,2008,” remarks in the Senate, Congressional Record,
daily edition, vol. 154, June 27, 2008, p. S6336; and Sen. Harry Reid, “Order for Pro Forma
(continued...)

17, 2008, the Senate Majority Leader announced, with regard to the Senate, “We are
going to have to get some committee hearings underway, which is why we are not
going to adjourn. We will be in pro forma session so committees can still meet,
though we won’t have any activities here on the floor as relates to these markets.”²⁶
On October 2, 2008, the Senate agreed, by unanimous consent, to hold a series of pro
forma meetings between that date and November 17, 2008, when they would
reconvene and conduct business.²⁷
Table 3 identifies, for the period from January 20, 2001, to October 31, 2008,
(1) each intersession recess; (2) each intrasession recess of four or more days; (3) the
dates the Senate adjourned for, and reconvened from, each of these recesses; (4) the
number of days between those two dates; and (5) the number of recess appointments
made by the President during these days. The duration of the recesses in which
President Bush made recess appointments ranged from 10 to 47 days. The average
(mean) duration was 25 days, and the median duration was 26 days.
As of October 31, 2008, the elapsed time between the recess appointment and
the reconvening of the Senate ranged from one day to 36 days. The average elapsed
time was 14 days, and the median elapsed time was 11 days. President Bush made
29 recess appointments three days or less before the end of the recess. He made 50
recess appointments 21 or more days before the end of the recess.
The individual recess appointments are shown in Tables 4 and 5. Table 4
provides, for each appointment to a full-time position, the name of the appointee, the
position to which he or she was appointed, and the date on which the appointment
was made. Table 5 provides the same information for appointments to part-time
positions. For both tables, entries in bold are recess appointments that were made
during a recess within a session of Congress (intrasession recess appointments). All
other entries are recess appointments that were made during a recess between
Congresses or between sessions of Congress (intersession recess appointments).

²⁵ (...continued)
Sessions,” remarks in the Senate, Congressional Record, daily edition, vol. 154, August 1,

2008, p. S8077.

²⁶ Sen. Harry Reid, “The Economy,” remarks in the Senate, Congressional Record, daily
edition, vol. 154, September 17, 2008, p. S8907.
²⁷ Sen. Carl Levin, “Orders for Monday, October 6, 2008, through Monday, November 17,

2008,” remarks in the Senate, Congressional Record, daily edition, vol. 154, October 2,

2008, p. S10504.

Table 3. Senate Intersession Recesses, Intrasession Recesses
of Four or More Days, and Numbers of Recess Appointments,
January 20, 2001-October 31, 2008
^{Date adjourned}^D^{ate reconvened}^N^u^m^b^{er of d}^ays^a^d^j^o^urned^a^Num^b^{er of reces}^s^ap^p^oⁱⁿ^tm^en^ts
^(T^h^e^fⁱ^rs^t^s^e^s^sⁱ^on^of^t^h^{e 107}^th^C^oⁿ^g^r^es^s^con^v^eⁿ^e^{d on}^01/^03/^{01. T}^h^{e S}^eⁿ^a^t^e^adj^o^u^rⁿ^e^{d on}
^01/^08/^{01 an}^{d recon}^v^eⁿ^e^{d on}^01/^20/^01.)
^02/^15/⁰¹^02/^26/⁰¹¹⁰⁰
^04/^06/⁰¹^04/^23/⁰¹¹⁶⁰
^05/^26/⁰¹^06/^05/⁰¹⁹⁰
^06/^29/⁰¹^07/^09/⁰¹⁹⁰
^08/^03/⁰¹^09/^04/⁰¹³¹¹
^10/^18/⁰¹^10/^23/⁰¹⁴⁰
^11/^16/⁰¹^11/^27/⁰¹¹⁰⁰
^T^h^{e S}^eⁿ^a^t^e^adj^o^u^rⁿ^e^{d s}ⁱⁿ^e^di^{e on}^12/^20/^{01. T}^h^{e s}^econ^d^s^e^s^sⁱ^on^of^t^h^e^th⁹
¹⁰⁷^C^oⁿ^g^r^es^s^con^v^eⁿ^e^{d 01/}^23/^{02. T}^h^{e i}ⁿ^t^e^rs^es^sⁱ^on^(peri^{od bet}^w^een^a
^t^h^es^{e t}^w^{o dat}^e^s⁾^w^a^s^{33 day}^s^l^oⁿ^g^.
^01/^29/⁰²^02/^04/⁰²⁵⁰
^02/^15/⁰²^02/^25/⁰²⁹⁰
^03/^22/⁰²^04/^08/⁰²¹⁶⁵
^05/^23/⁰²^06/^03/⁰²¹⁰⁰
^06/^28/⁰²^07/^08/⁰²⁹⁰
^08/^01/⁰²^09/^03/⁰²³²⁷
^T^h^{e S}^eⁿ^a^t^e^adj^o^u^rⁿ^e^{d s}ⁱⁿ^e^di^{e on}^11/^20/^{02. T}^h^{e f}ⁱ^rs^t^s^e^s^sⁱ^on^of^t^h^e^th¹
¹⁰⁸^C^oⁿ^g^r^es^s^con^v^eⁿ^e^{d on}^01/^07/^{03. T}^h^{e i}ⁿ^t^e^rs^es^sⁱ^on^(peri^o^d^a
^bet^w^een^t^h^es^{e t}^w^{o dat}^e^s⁾^w^a^s^{47 day}^s^l^oⁿ^g^.
^02/^14/⁰³^02/^24/⁰³⁹⁰
^04/^11/⁰³^04/^28/⁰³¹⁶¹¹
^05/^23/⁰³^06/^02/⁰³⁹⁰
^06/^27/⁰³^07/^07/⁰³⁹⁰
^08/^01/⁰³^09/^02/⁰³³¹¹⁵
^10/^03/⁰³^10/^14/⁰³¹⁰⁰
^11/^25/⁰³^12/^09/⁰³¹³⁰

^{Date adjourned}^D^{ate reconvened}^N^u^m^b^{er of d}^ays^a^d^j^o^urned^a^Num^b^{er of reces}^s^ap^p^oⁱⁿ^tm^en^ts
^T^h^{e S}^eⁿ^a^t^e^adj^o^u^rⁿ^e^{d s}ⁱⁿ^e^di^{e on}^12/^09/^{03. T}^h^{e s}^econ^d^s^e^s^sⁱ^on^of^t^h^e^th¹³
¹⁰⁸^C^oⁿ^g^r^es^s^con^v^eⁿ^e^{d 01/}^20/^{04. T}^h^{e i}ⁿ^t^e^rs^es^sⁱ^on^(peri^{od bet}^w^een^a
^t^h^es^{e t}^w^{o dat}^e^s⁾^w^a^s^{41 day}^s^l^oⁿ^g^.
^02/^12/⁰⁴^02/^23/⁰⁴¹⁰¹
^03/^12/⁰⁴^03/^22/⁰⁴⁹⁰
^04/^08/⁰⁴^04/^19/⁰⁴¹⁰⁴
^05/^21/⁰⁴^06/^01/⁰⁴¹⁰¹²
^06/^09/⁰⁴^06/^14/⁰⁴⁴⁰
^06/^25/⁰⁴^07/^06/⁰⁴¹⁰⁴
^07/^22/⁰⁴^09/^07/⁰⁴⁴⁶²⁰
^10/^11/⁰⁴^11/^16/⁰⁴³⁵²
^11/^24/⁰⁴^12/^07/⁰⁴¹²⁰
^T^h^{e S}^eⁿ^a^t^e^adj^o^u^rⁿ^e^{d s}ⁱⁿ^e^di^{e on}^12/^08/^{04. T}^h^{e f}ⁱ^rs^t^s^e^s^sⁱ^on^of^t^h^e^th¹
¹⁰⁹^C^oⁿ^g^r^es^s^con^v^eⁿ^e^{d on}^01/^04/^{05. T}^h^{e i}ⁿ^t^e^rs^es^sⁱ^on^(peri^o^d^a
^bet^w^een^t^h^es^{e t}^w^{o dat}^e^s⁾^w^a^s^{26 day}^s^l^oⁿ^g^.
^01/^06/⁰⁵^01/^20/⁰⁵¹³⁴
^01/^26/⁰⁵^01/^31/⁰⁵⁴⁰
^02/^18/⁰⁵^02/^28/⁰⁵⁹⁰
^03/^20/⁰⁵^04/^04/⁰⁵¹⁴¹⁰
^04/^29/⁰⁵^05/^09/⁰⁵⁹⁰
^05/^26/⁰⁵^06/^06/⁰⁵¹⁰⁰
^07/^01/⁰⁵^07/^11/⁰⁵⁹⁰
^07/^29/⁰⁵^09/^01/⁰⁵³³⁷
^09/^01/⁰⁵^09/^06/⁰⁵⁴⁰
^10/^07/⁰⁵^10/^17/⁰⁵⁹⁰
^11/^18/⁰⁵^12/^12/⁰⁵²³⁰
^T^h^{e S}^eⁿ^a^t^e^adj^o^u^rⁿ^e^{d s}ⁱⁿ^e^di^{e on}^12/^22/^{05. T}^h^{e s}^econ^d^s^e^s^sⁱ^on^of^t^h^e^th⁰
¹⁰⁹^C^oⁿ^g^r^es^s^con^v^eⁿ^e^{d on}^01/^03/^{06. T}^h^{e i}ⁿ^t^e^rs^es^sⁱ^on^(peri^o^d^a
^bet^w^een^t^h^es^{e t}^w^{o dat}^e^s⁾^w^a^s^{11 day}^s^l^oⁿ^g^.
^01/^03/⁰⁶^01/^18/⁰⁶¹⁴²¹
^02/^17/⁰⁶^02/^27/⁰⁶⁹⁰
^03/^16/⁰⁶^03/^27/⁰⁶¹⁰⁰
^04/^07/⁰⁶^04/^24/⁰⁶¹⁶⁸
^05/^26/⁰⁶^06/^05/⁰⁶⁹⁰

^{Date adjourned}^D^{ate reconvened}^N^u^m^b^{er of d}^ays^a^d^j^o^urned^a^Num^b^{er of reces}^s^ap^p^oⁱⁿ^tm^en^ts
^06/^29/⁰⁶^07/^10/⁰⁶¹⁰⁰
^08/^04/⁰⁶^09/^05/⁰⁶³¹³
^09/^30/⁰⁶^11/^09/⁰⁶³⁹²
^11/^16/⁰⁶^12/^04/⁰⁶¹⁷⁰
^T^h^{e S}^eⁿ^a^{te adj}^o^u^rⁿ^e^{d s}ⁱⁿ^e^{die on}^Decem^{ber 9, 2006. T}^h^{e f}ⁱ^rs^{t s}^e^s^sⁱ^on^th⁶
^of^t^h^{e 110}^C^oⁿ^g^r^es^s^con^v^eⁿ^e^{d on}^Jan^u^a^ry^{4, 2007. T}^h^{e i}ⁿ^t^e^rs^es^sⁱ^on^a
^(peri^{od bet}^w^een^t^h^es^{e t}^w^{o dat}^e^s⁾^w^a^s^{25 day}^s^l^oⁿ^g^.
^02/^17/⁰⁷^02/^26/⁰⁷⁸⁰
^03/^29/⁰⁷^04/^10/⁰⁷¹¹⁴
^05/^25/⁰⁷^06/^04/⁰⁷⁹⁰
^06/^29/⁰⁷^07/^09/⁰⁷⁹⁰
^08/^03/⁰⁷^09/^04/⁰⁷³¹⁰
^10/^05/⁰⁷^10/^15/⁰⁷⁹⁰
^T^h^{e S}^eⁿ^a^{te adj}^o^u^rⁿ^e^{d s}ⁱⁿ^e^{die on}^Decem^{ber 31, 2007. T}^h^{e s}^econ^d^th⁰
^s^e^s^sⁱ^on^of^t^h^{e 110}^C^oⁿ^g^r^es^s^con^v^eⁿ^e^{d on}^Jan^u^a^ry^{3, 2008. T}^h^e^a
ⁱⁿ^t^e^rs^es^sⁱ^on^(peri^{od bet}^w^een^t^h^es^{e t}^w^{o dat}^e^s⁾^w^a^s^{2 day}^s^l^oⁿ^g^.
^Source:^T^a^{ble created by}^th^{e C}^oⁿ^g^r^es^sⁱ^on^{al R}^e^s^earch^Servⁱ^c^e^usⁱ^{ng data f}^r^om^th^e^C^ongr^es^sⁱ^onal
^Recor^d^.
^{a. T}^h^{e en}^tries^f^o^{r th}^{e n}^u^m^{ber of}^day^s^adj^o^u^rⁿ^e^{d in}^clu^d^{e all day}^s^betw^een^th^{e day}^th^{e Sen}^a^{te adj}^o^u^rⁿ^s
^an^d^th^{e day}^{it recon}^v^eⁿ^e^s^.^T^h^ey^{do n}^o^{t in}^clu^d^e^th^e^day^s^of^adj^o^u^rⁿ^m^en^{t or recon}^v^eⁿⁱⁿ^g^becau^s^e
^th^{e Sen}^a^{te is ab}^{le to}^{act o}ⁿⁿ^o^mⁱⁿ^a^tioⁿ^s^oⁿ^th^{ese d}^a^y^s^.

Table 4. Recess Appointments to Full-Time Positions by
President George W. Bush, January 20, 2001-
October 31, 2008^a
^(In^t^ras^e^s^sⁱ^on^appoiⁿ^t^m^eⁿ^t^s^bol^ded)
^Reces^s^appointee^Posⁱ^tion^Appo^int^m^ent^da^t^e
^{Peter J. Hurtgen}^M^em^{ber (des}ⁱ^gⁿ^a^ted^C^h^ai^rm^an^{), N}^a^ti^on^al^8/^31/²⁰⁰¹
^L^a^b^o^{r R}^e^l^a^ti^on^s^Board
^J^o^hⁿ^Mag^a^w^Uⁿ^d^{er Secretary}^{— Secu}^rity^{, Departm}^eⁿ^t^of^1/^7/²⁰⁰²
^T^r^an^sp^o^r^tatioⁿ
^{Otto J}^.^R^e^ich^A^s^sⁱ^s^t^an^{t Secretary}^{— W}^e^s^t^ern^Hemⁱ^s^p^h^e^re^1/^11/²⁰⁰²
^A^f^f^aⁱ^r^s^,^D^e^part^m^eⁿ^t^of^S^t^at^e
^Eu^g^eⁿ^e^S^calⁱ^a^S^o^lⁱ^cⁱ^t^o^{r, D}^e^part^m^eⁿ^t^of^L^a^bor^1/^11/²⁰⁰²
^Mi^ch^ael^{J. Bart}^l^e^t^t^Mem^b^{er, N}^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^a^l^L^a^{bor R}^e^l^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s^Board¹^/^22/²⁰⁰²
^W^illiam^B^.^C^o^w^eⁿ^M^em^{ber, Nation}^a^{l L}^a^{bor R}^e^lation^s^B^o^ard¹^/22/2002
^C^yⁿ^t^hⁱ^{a A}^.^Glas^s^m^an^Mem^b^{er, Secu}^rities^an^{d Ex}^ch^an^g^e^C^o^m^mⁱ^s^sⁱ^on^1/22/2002
^Is^{aac C}^.^Huⁿ^t^J^r^.^M^em^{ber, Secu}^rities^an^{d Ex}^ch^an^g^e^C^o^m^mⁱ^s^sⁱ^on^1/22/2002
^J^o^Aⁿⁿ^J^o^hⁿ^s^oⁿ^B^o^ar^d^Mem^b^er^{, Natio}ⁿ^a^{l Cr}^ed^{it Un}^ioⁿ^1/^22/²⁰⁰²
^A^d^mⁱⁿⁱ^str^a^tioⁿ
^Deb^o^r^ah^Matz^B^o^ar^d^Mem^b^er^{, Natio}ⁿ^a^{l Cr}^ed^{it Un}^ioⁿ^1/^22/²⁰⁰²
^A^d^mⁱⁿⁱ^str^a^tioⁿ
^E^m^{il H. Frank}^e^l^A^s^sⁱ^s^t^ant^{Secretary — T}^r^ans^p^ortation^3/^29/²⁰⁰²
^Polⁱ^c^{y, D}^e^p^a^rtm^eⁿ^t^{of T}^r^an^s^p^ortati^on
^G^{erald Reynolds}^As^sⁱ^s^t^ant^{Secretary — Civil Rights}^,^3/^29/²⁰⁰²
^Depa^rt^m^e^nt^o^f^Educa^t^ioⁿ
^{Dennis L. Scho}^rna^c^k^C^o^m^mⁱ^ssioⁿ^er^{on the Part of the United}^3/^29/²⁰⁰²
^S^t^ates^{, I}ⁿ^tern^ati^oⁿ^a^l^Joiⁿ^t^C^o^m^mⁱ^s^sⁱ^on^,
^Unit^{ed St}^a^t^{es a}^{nd Ca}^na^da
^{Jeffrey Shane}^As^s^o^{ciate Deput}^{y Secretary, Departm}^e^{nt of}^3/^29/²⁰⁰²
^T^r^an^s^p^ortati^on
^Mⁱ^ch^ael^E^.^T^oⁿ^e^r^M^em^b^{er, Fed}^eral^E^l^ecti^oⁿ^C^o^m^mⁱ^s^sⁱ^on^3/^29/²⁰⁰²
^T^h^om^as^{C. Dorr}^{Under Secretary — Rural Developm}^ent,^8/^6/²⁰⁰²
^Departm^e^{nt of Agriculture}
^T^oⁿ^y^Ham^m^oⁿ^d^C^o^m^mⁱ^s^sⁱ^on^{er, Pos}^t^al^R^a^{te C}^o^m^mⁱ^s^sⁱ^on^8/^6/²⁰⁰²
^S^u^s^anⁿ^e^T^.^M^a^rs^h^a^l^l^C^h^ai^rm^an^{, M}^eri^{t S}^y^s^t^em^s^Protecti^oⁿ^Board⁸^/⁶^/²⁰⁰²
^{W. Scott Railton}^M^e^m^b^{er (des}^{ignated Chairm}^an),^8/^6/²⁰⁰²
^Occu^p^a^ti^on^al^S^a^{fety an}^d^Heal^th^R^e^vi^ew
^C^o^mmi^s^sⁱ^oⁿ
^El^l^eⁿ^L^.^Weiⁿ^t^r^au^b^M^em^{ber, F}^e^deral^El^ectⁱ^oⁿ^C^o^m^mⁱ^s^sⁱ^on^12/^6/²⁰⁰²
^Naom^{i C. E}^a^rp^M^e^m^b^{er (des}^{ignated Vice Chairm}^{an), E}^qual^4/^22/²⁰⁰³
^Em^plo^y^m^ent^O^ppo^rt^unit^y^Co^m^mⁱ^ssioⁿ
^{Peter E}ⁱ^de^G^e^{neral Couns}^el,^{Federal L}^a^{bor Relations}^4/^22/²⁰⁰³
^Autho^r^ity
^A^p^ri^l^{H. Fol}^e^y^B^oard^M^e^m^b^{er, E}^x^p^o^rt-I^m^p^{ort Ban}^k^4/^22/²⁰⁰³

^Reces^s^appointee^Posⁱ^tion^Appo^int^m^ent^da^t^e
^{R. B}^r^{uce M}^a^t^t^h^ew^s^M^em^{ber, Def}^e^{nse Nuclea}^{r Fa}^cilit^{ies Sa}^f^e^t^y^4/^22/²⁰⁰³
^Board
^{Neil M}^c^Phie^M^e^m^b^{er (des}^{ignated Vice Chairm}^{an), M}^erit^4/^22/²⁰⁰³
^Sys^t^em^s^{Protection B}^oard
^St^aⁿ^ley^{C. Subo}^leskⁱ^M^em^{ber, F}^e^dera^{l M}ⁱ^{ne H}^e^a^l^t^h^a^{nd Sa}^f^e^t^y^4/^22/²⁰⁰³
^Revⁱ^ew^Co^m^mⁱ^ssioⁿ
^{A. Pa}^{ul Anderso}ⁿ^Co^m^mⁱ^ssi^{oner, Federal M}^a^ritim^e^8/^22/²⁰⁰³
^C^o^mmi^s^sⁱ^oⁿ
^Cha^r^lo^{tte A. L}^a^ne^M^e^m^b^{er, United}^S^t^ates^Iⁿ^tern^ati^oⁿ^a^l^T^r^ad^e^8/^22/²⁰⁰³
^C^o^mmi^s^sⁱ^oⁿ
^{Daniel Pears}^oⁿ^M^em^{ber, United}^S^t^ates^Iⁿ^tern^ati^oⁿ^a^l^T^r^ad^e^8/^22/²⁰⁰³
^C^o^mmi^s^sⁱ^oⁿ
^{John P. Woodley Jr.}^A^s^sⁱ^s^t^{ant Secretary — Civil Work}^s^,^8/^22/²⁰⁰³
^Depa^rt^m^e^nt^o^f^t^h^{e Arm}^y
^Cl^a^r^{k K}^.^E^r^viⁿ^I^nsp^e^c^t^o^r^G^e^ne^r^a^l^,^D^e^p^a^r^t^m^e^nt^o^f^H^o^m^e^l^a^nd^12/^23/²⁰⁰³
^Secu^rity
^Ro^b^e^r^t^L^e^rⁿ^er^Co^m^mⁱ^ssioⁿ^er^{— Ed}^u^catioⁿ^Statistics,^12/^23/²⁰⁰³
^D^e^part^m^eⁿ^t^of^Edu^catⁱ^oⁿ
^R^oⁿ^a^l^d^{E. Mei}^s^bu^rg^Mem^b^{er, N}^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^a^l^L^a^{bor R}^e^l^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s^Board^12/^23/²⁰⁰³
^R^a^y^m^on^{d Sim}^oⁿ^A^s^sⁱ^s^t^an^{t Secretary}^{— Elem}^en^tary^an^d^12/^23/²⁰⁰³
^Secon^d^ary^Edu^cation^,^Departm^eⁿ^t^of
^Ed^u^catioⁿ
^C^h^arles^W^.^Pⁱ^ck^erin^g^J^u^d^g^e^{, U.S. C}^o^u^r^{t of}^A^ppeals^f^o^{r th}^{e Fif}^t^h^1/^16/²⁰⁰⁴
^Cir^c^uit
^Willia^m^H^.^Pry^o^r^J^udg^{e, U.S. Co}^urt^o^f^Appea^l^{s f}^o^{r t}^h^e^2/^20/²⁰⁰⁴
^E^l^{eventh Circuit}
^Lⁱ^{nda M}^.^Com^b^s^A^s^sⁱ^s^t^{ant Secretary — B}^{udget and}^4/^16/²⁰⁰⁴
^Program^s^,^D^e^p^a^rtm^eⁿ^t^{of T}^r^an^s^p^ortati^on
^Lⁱⁿ^d^a^M^.^C^oⁿ^lⁱⁿ^Board^M^e^m^b^{er, E}^x^p^o^rt-I^m^p^{ort Ban}^k^4/^16/²⁰⁰⁴
^E^u^gen^e^Hick^ok^Dep^u^t^{y S}^{ecretary, De}^p^a^rtm^eⁿ^t^{of E}^d^u^c^ation⁴^/16/2004
^Edw^a^r^d^R^.^Un^d^{er S}^{ecretary, Dep}^a^rtm^eⁿ^t^{of E}^d^u^c^ation⁴^/18/2004
^M^c^Phers^on
^Rom^o^{lo A. B}^ernardi^{Deputy Secret}^{ary, Departm}^e^{nt of Hous}^ing^5/^28/²⁰⁰⁴
^a^{nd Urba}^{n Dev}^e^lo^pm^ent
^Charles^Johns^on^{Chief Financ}^{ial Officer, E}ⁿ^vironm^ental^5/^28/²⁰⁰⁴
^{Protection Agency}
^{Ann R. Klee}^As^sⁱ^s^t^{ant Adm}ⁱ^nis^t^{rator (G}^{eneral Couns}^el),^5/^28/²⁰⁰⁴
^Eⁿ^vironm^{ental Pr}^{otection Agency}
^Ca^thy^M^.^As^sⁱ^s^t^{ant Secretary — Public Affairs}^,^5/^28/²⁰⁰⁴
^Ma^c^F^a^r^l^aⁿ^e^Depa^rt^m^e^nt^o^f^H^o^using^a^{nd Urba}ⁿ
^Dev^e^lo^pm^ent
^Dennis^{C. Shea}^A^s^sⁱ^s^t^{ant Secretary — Policy Developm}^ent^5/^28/²⁰⁰⁴

^a^{nd Resea}^{rch, Depa}^rt^m^e^nt^o^f^H^o^using^aⁿ^d
^Urba^{n Dev}^e^lo^pm^ent

^Reces^s^appointee^Posⁱ^tion^Appo^int^m^ent^da^t^e
^D^e^b^o^rah^A^.^S^p^agn^olⁱ^C^om^mⁱ^s^sⁱ^on^{er, U}^.^S^.^Parol^e^C^o^m^mⁱ^s^sⁱ^on^5/^28/²⁰⁰⁴
^Kirk^{Van T}ⁱ^ne^{Deputy Secretary, Departm}^e^{nt of}^5/^28/²⁰⁰⁴
^T^r^an^s^p^ortati^on
^{Sue Ellen}^S^o^lⁱ^cⁱ^t^{or, D}^e^p^a^rtm^eⁿ^t^{of th}^{e I}ⁿ^teri^or^5/^28/²⁰⁰⁴
^W^ool^d^rⁱ^d^ge
^Mi^c^h^a^e^l^D^.^As^sⁱ^s^t^{ant Secretary —}^Com^m^unications^and^7/^2/²⁰⁰⁴
^G^a^l^l^agh^er^Iⁿ^form^{ation, Depa}^rtm^e^{nt of Com}^m^erce
^T^h^{eodore W.}^{Deputy Secretary, Departm}^e^{nt of}^7/^2/²⁰⁰⁴
^K^a^ssing^e^r^Com^m^erce
^{Carin M}^.^B^a^rth^C^{hief Financ}^{ial Officer, Departm}^e^{nt of}^8/^2/²⁰⁰⁴
^H^o^using^a^{nd Urba}^{n Dev}^e^lo^pm^ent
^{Jonathan W. Dudas}^U^{nder Secret}^{ary — I}ⁿ^{tellectual Property/}^8/^2/²⁰⁰⁴
^{Director — U.S. Patent and T}^r^adem^ark
^{Office, Departm}^e^{nt of Com}^m^erce
^{Albert A. Frink}^Jr.^A^s^sⁱ^s^t^ant^{Secretary — M}^a^{nufacturing and}^8/^2/²⁰⁰⁴
^Services^{, Departm}^e^{nt of Com}^m^erce
^Sus^{an J. G}^r^ant^C^{hief Financ}^{ial Officer, Departm}^e^{nt of}^8/^2/²⁰⁰⁴
^Eⁿ^ergy
^{Ricardo H. Hinojos}^a^Chairm^{an, United States}^Sentencing^8/^2/²⁰⁰⁴
^C^o^mmi^s^sⁱ^oⁿ
^St^{ephen L. J}^o^hnsoⁿ^Deput^y^Admⁱ^nist^ra^t^o^{r, Env}ⁱ^ro^nm^ent^a^l^8/^2/²⁰⁰⁴
^{Protection Agency}
^J^a^m^{es R. K}^under^A^ssist^aⁿ^t^Admⁱ^nist^ra^t^o^{r — B}^u^rea^{u f}^o^{r Asia}^8/^2/²⁰⁰⁴
^a^{nd the Nea}^r^E^a^{st, U.S. Ag}^ency^fo^r
^Int^erna^t^io^na^{l Dev}^e^lo^pm^ent
^J^o^{hn D. Ro}^o^d^Am^ba^ssa^do^{r, Co}^m^m^o^nw^ea^lt^{h o}^f^t^h^e^8/^2/²⁰⁰⁴
^Bah^a^m^a^s
^Cha^r^{les G}^.^A^m^b^a^s^s^a^d^o^{r, S}^t^{ate of Q}^a^tar⁸^/²^/²⁰⁰⁴
^Unterm^eyer
^G^a^{ry L}^.^Vis^s^c^her^M^em^{ber, Ch}^em^{ical Safety and Hazard}^8/^2/²⁰⁰⁴
^Iⁿ^ves^tⁱ^gati^oⁿ^Board
^A^l^d^oⁿ^a^W^o^s^A^m^b^as^s^a^d^o^{r, R}^e^p^u^b^lⁱ^c^{of E}^s^tonⁱ^a⁸^/²^/²⁰⁰⁴
^Debo^ra^{h P}^.^M^a^j^o^ra^s^C^o^m^mⁱ^ssi^{oner (des}^{ignated Chairm}^an),^8/^16/²⁰⁰⁴
^{Federal T}^r^{ade Com}^mⁱ^s^sⁱ^on
^Jon^D^.^L^eⁱ^b^owⁱ^t^z^C^om^mⁱ^s^sⁱ^on^{er, Fed}^eral^T^r^ad^{e C}^o^m^mⁱ^s^sⁱ^on^9/^1/²⁰⁰⁴
^R^oⁿ^a^{ld R}^o^s^eⁿ^f^eld^D^{irector (des}^igⁿ^a^{ted C}^h^airm^an^{), Federal}^12/^14/²⁰⁰⁴
^H^o^usi^{ng Fi}^na^nc^e^B^o^a^r^d
^G^{regory B. Jaczk}^o^M^em^b^{er, N}^u^cl^{ear R}^e^gu^l^a^{tory C}^o^m^mⁱ^s^sⁱ^on^1/^19/²⁰⁰⁵
^{Peter B. L}^yon^s^M^em^b^{er, N}^u^cl^{ear R}^e^gu^l^a^{tory C}^o^m^mⁱ^s^sⁱ^on^1/^19/²⁰⁰⁵
^Mⁱ^{chael W. Wynne}^{Under Secretar}^{y — Acquis}ⁱ^{tion, T}^echnology^4/^1/²⁰⁰⁵
^a^{nd Lo}^gⁱ^st^{ics, Depa}^rt^m^e^nt^o^f^Def^e^nse
^Johⁿ^R^.^Bol^t^on^R^e^p^res^en^tati^ve^{of the U.S. to the United}^8/^1/²⁰⁰⁵

^Na^tioⁿ^s

^Reces^s^appointee^Posⁱ^tion^Appo^int^m^ent^da^t^e
^{Peter C. W. Flory}^A^s^sⁱ^s^t^{ant Secretary — I}ⁿ^ternational^8/^2/²⁰⁰⁵
^{Security Policy, Departm}^e^{nt of Defens}^e
^E^r^{ic S. E}^d^elm^aⁿ^U^{nder Secretary — Policy, Departm}^e^{nt of}^8/^9/²⁰⁰⁵
^Defense
^Alic^e^S.^Fⁱ^she^r^Assist^aⁿ^t^At^{torney G}^e^{neral — Crim}^inal^8/^31/²⁰⁰⁵
^Dⁱ^vi^sⁱ^on^{, D}^e^p^a^rtm^eⁿ^t^{of Ju}^s^tⁱ^c^e
^{Peter S}^c^h^a^u^m^b^e^r^M^em^b^{er, N}^a^ti^on^al^L^a^b^o^{r R}^e^l^a^ti^on^s^Board⁸^/^31/²⁰⁰⁵
^G^o^rd^on^Eⁿ^glan^d^D^ep^u^t^{y S}^{ecretary of Defen}^s^e¹^/4/2006
^T^r^{acy A. Henk}^e^E^x^{ecutive Di}^{rector — Office of State and}^1/^4/²⁰⁰⁶
^L^o^cal^G^overn^m^eⁿ^t^C^oordⁱⁿ^a^ti^on^an^d
^P^repa^{redness, Depa}^rt^m^e^nt^o^f^H^o^m^e^la^nd
^Security
^{Peter N}^.^Ki^rs^an^ow^M^e^m^b^{er, N}^a^ti^on^al^L^a^b^o^{r R}^e^l^a^ti^on^s^Board^1/^4/²⁰⁰⁶
^R^o^b^{ert D}^.^L^eⁿ^h^a^rd^M^e^m^b^{er, Fed}^eral^E^l^ecti^oⁿ^C^o^m^mⁱ^s^sⁱ^on^1/^4/²⁰⁰⁶
^Ro^na^{ld E. M}^e^isburg^G^enera^{l Co}^{unsel, Na}^tⁱ^oⁿ^a^l^La^bo^{r Rela}^tⁱ^oⁿ^s^1/^4/²⁰⁰⁶
^Board
^{Julie L}^.^M^y^ers^As^sⁱ^s^t^{ant Secretary — B}^u^{reau of}^1/^4/²⁰⁰⁶
^I^m^mⁱ^{gration and Cus}^t^om^s^Eⁿ^forcem^ent,
^Depa^rt^m^e^nt^o^f^H^o^m^e^la^{nd Securit}^y
^B^e^njam^{in A. Pow}^e^ll^G^e^{neral Co}^uns^{el, Office of the Director of}^1/^4/²⁰⁰⁶
^Na^tⁱ^oⁿ^a^l^Int^e^llig^ence
^{Arthur F. Ros}^e^nfeld^D^irect^{or, Federal M}^e^{diation and}^1/^4/²⁰⁰⁶
^Co^ncilia^tⁱ^oⁿ^Serv^ice
^E^{llen R. Sauerbrey}^As^sⁱ^s^t^{ant Secretary — Population,}^1/^4/²⁰⁰⁶
^Ref^u^g^{ees, a}^{nd M}ⁱ^g^r^a^t^io^{n, Depa}^rt^m^e^nt^o^f
^St^a^t^e
^{Dorrance Sm}^ith^A^s^sⁱ^s^t^{ant S}^{ecretary — Public Affairs}^,^1/^4/²⁰⁰⁶
^Depa^rt^m^e^nt^o^f^Def^e^nse
^Han^s^von^S^p^a^k^ovs^k^y^M^e^m^b^{er, Fed}^eral^E^l^ecti^oⁿ^C^o^m^mⁱ^s^sⁱ^on^1/^4/²⁰⁰⁶
^S^t^even^T^.^W^a^l^t^h^e^r^M^em^b^{er, Fed}^eral^E^l^ecti^oⁿ^C^o^m^mⁱ^s^sⁱ^on^1/^4/²⁰⁰⁶
^{Steven K. M}^u^llins^U^{.S. Attorney,}^Dis^t^{rict of South Dak}^o^ta^1/9/2006
^C^.^Boyd^en^G^r^ay^A^m^b^a^s^s^a^d^o^{r, E}^u^rop^e^an^Uⁿⁱ^oⁿ¹^/^17/²⁰⁰⁶
^D^eⁿⁿⁱ^s^{P. W}^a^l^s^h^M^em^b^{er, N}^a^ti^on^al^L^a^b^o^{r R}^e^l^a^ti^on^s^Board¹^/^17/²⁰⁰⁶
^B^{ertha K. M}^a^dras^{Deputy Director — Dem}^a^{nd Reduction,}^4/^19/²⁰⁰⁶
^Offi^{ce of N}^a^ti^on^al^D^r^u^g^C^oⁿ^t^rol^Polⁱ^c^y
^J^a^m^{es F. X. O}^’^G^a^ra^Deputy^Directo^r^{— Supply}^Reductioⁿ^,^4/^19/²⁰⁰⁶
^Offi^{ce of N}^a^ti^on^al^D^r^u^g^C^oⁿ^t^rol^Polⁱ^c^y
^P^a^{ul DeCa}^m^p^Admⁱ^nist^ra^t^o^{r — Wa}^g^e^a^{nd H}^o^{ur Div}ⁱ^sioⁿ^,^8/^31/²⁰⁰⁶
^Depa^rt^m^e^nt^o^f^La^bo^r
^Mⁱ^{chael F. Duffy}^M^em^{ber (des}^ig^na^t^e^{d Cha}ⁱ^rm^aⁿ⁾^,^F^e^dera^l^8/^31/²⁰⁰⁶
^Mⁱ^{ne Sa}^f^e^t^y^a^{nd H}^e^a^l^t^h^Revⁱ^ew
^C^o^mmi^s^sⁱ^oⁿ
^{Daniel M}^eron^G^{eneral Couns}^el,^D^e^p^a^rtm^eⁿ^t^{of Heal}^th^an^d^8/^31/²⁰⁰⁶

^Hum^a^{n Services}

^Reces^s^appointee^Posⁱ^tion^Appo^int^m^ent^da^t^e
^{Richard E}^.^Stick^l^er^As^sⁱ^s^t^ant^{Secretary - M}ⁱ^{ne Safety and}^10/^19/²⁰⁰⁶
^H^e^a^l^t^h^Admⁱ^nist^ra^tⁱ^oⁿ^{, Depa}^rt^m^e^nt^o^f
^La^bo^r
^J^o^hⁿ^R^.^Steer^Mem^b^{er (des}^igⁿ^a^{ted Vice C}^h^{air), Un}^ited^12/^12/²⁰⁰⁶
^States^Sen^t^en^cin^g^C^o^m^mⁱ^s^sⁱ^on
^Wayⁿ^{e C}^.^Bey^e^r^M^em^{ber, F}^e^deral^L^a^{bor R}^e^l^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s^A^u^t^h^ori^t^y^12/^20/²⁰⁰⁶
^Andrew^G^.^Bⁱ^g^g^s^Deput^y^Co^m^mⁱ^s^sⁱ^{oner, Social Security}^04/^04/²⁰⁰⁷
^Admⁱ^nistra^tioⁿ
^Susaⁿ^{E. Dudley}^Admⁱ^nist^ra^t^o^r^{- Offi}^{ce of I}ⁿ^form^ati^oⁿ^an^d^04/^04/²⁰⁰⁷
^R^e^gu^l^a^{tory A}^f^fai^r^s^,^Offi^{ce of M}^aⁿ^agem^eⁿ^t
^a^{nd B}^udg^et
^S^a^m^Fox^A^m^b^as^s^a^d^o^{r, Bel}^gⁱ^u^m^04/^04/²⁰⁰⁷
^{Carol W. Pope}^M^e^m^b^{er, Fe}^{deral L}^a^{bor Relations}^04/^04/²⁰⁰⁷
^Autho^r^ity
^Sources^:^T^a^{ble created by}^th^{e C}^oⁿ^g^r^es^sⁱ^on^{al R}^e^s^earch^Se^r^vⁱ^c^e^usi^{ng d}^a^t^a^fr^o^m^va^rⁱ^o^u^s^vo^l^u^m^e^s^o^f
^th^e^W^{eekly C}^o^{mpilation of Pr}^es^{idential Documents}^{; th}^{e Sen}^a^{te n}^o^mⁱⁿ^a^tioⁿ^s^d^a^tab^a^{se o}^f^th^e
^L^e^gⁱ^s^l^a^tⁱ^v^e^Iⁿ^f^o^r^m^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^S^y^s^t^e^m^,^f^o^uⁿ^d^a^t^[^h^t^t^p^:^/^/^www.^c^oⁿ^g^r^e^s^s^.^g^o^v^/ⁿ^o^mi^s^/^]^,^acces^s^e^{d October}³¹^,
^{2008; W}^h^{ite Hou}^s^{e pres}^s^releas^es^{, f}^o^uⁿ^d^{at [h}^ttp://^www.^whⁱ^t^e^h^o^u^s^e^.^g^o^v^/ⁿ^e^w^s^/^]^,^acces^s^e^{d October 31,}
^2008;^an^{d t}^e^l^e^ph^on^{e con}^v^e^rs^atⁱ^oⁿ^s^wⁱ^t^h^t^h^{e Wh}ⁱ^t^e^H^o^u^s^{e Ex}^ecu^tⁱ^v^{e C}^l^erk^’^s^O^f^fⁱ^ce.
^{a. T}^h^is^{table cov}^e^rs^th^{e period f}^r^om^the^d^a^y^P^r^es^iden^{t B}^u^s^h^took^of^fⁱ^{ce u}ⁿ^{til October 31, 2008.}
^En^triesⁱⁿ^{bold are reces}^s^appoin^t^m^eⁿ^t^s^th^{at w}^e^re^m^a^de^du^rin^g^{a reces}^s^w^ithⁱⁿ^{a s}^e^s^sⁱ^on^of
^Co^ngr^e^{ss (}ⁱⁿ^tra^s^essioⁿ^reces^s^appoin^t^m^eⁿ^t^s⁾^{. A}^{ll oth}^e^{r en}^tries^are^reces^s^appoin^t^m^eⁿ^t^s^th^at
^w^e^r^e^m^a^d^e^d^u^rⁱ^{ng a}^r^e^c^e^{ss b}^e^t^w^e^eⁿ^Co^ngr^e^sse^{s o}^r^b^e^t^w^e^eⁿ^se^ssⁱ^oⁿ^s^of^C^ongr^e^{ss (}ⁱⁿ^te^rse^ssioⁿ
^reces^s^appoiⁿ^t^m^eⁿ^t^s⁾^.

Table 5. Recess Appointments to Part-Time Positions by
President George W. Bush, January 20, 2001-
October 31, 2008^a
^(In^t^ras^e^s^sⁱ^on^appoiⁿ^t^m^eⁿ^t^s^bol^ded)
^{Recess a}^ppo^int^e^e^P^o^s^it^ioⁿ^Appo^int^m^ent^da^t^e
^A^l^b^{ert C}^a^s^e^y^G^overn^{or, U}ⁿⁱ^t^ed^S^t^ates^Pos^t^al^S^ervi^c^e⁸^/⁶^/²⁰⁰²
^T^h^om^as^{C. Dorr}^B^{oard M}^e^m^b^{er, Com}^m^o^{dity Credit}^8/^6/²⁰⁰²
^C^o^rp^orati^oⁿ
^{Cheryl F. Halpern}^B^{oard M}^e^m^b^{er, Corporation for Public}^8/^6/²⁰⁰²
^Broad^cas^tⁱⁿ^g
^L^{illian R. B}^e^Vier^B^{oard M}^e^m^b^{er, L}^e^{gal Services}^Co^rporation⁴^/22/2003
^T^h^om^as^A^.^Fu^en^tes^B^oard^M^e^m^b^{er, L}^e^gal^S^ervi^ces^C^o^rp^orati^oⁿ⁴^/^22/²⁰⁰³
^Jam^es^C^.^Mⁱ^l^l^{er I}^I^I^G^overn^{or, U}ⁿⁱ^t^ed^S^t^ates^Pos^t^al^S^ervi^c^e⁴^/^22/²⁰⁰³
^Willia^m^{A. Scha}^m^b^ra^B^o^a^r^{d M}^e^m^b^{er, Co}^rpo^r^a^t^io^{n f}^o^{r Na}^tⁱ^oⁿ^a^l^4/^22/²⁰⁰³
^a^{nd Co}^m^m^unit^y^Serv^ice
^Do^nna^{N. Willia}^m^s^B^o^a^r^{d M}^e^m^b^{er, Co}^rpo^r^a^t^io^{n f}^o^{r Na}^tⁱ^oⁿ^a^l^4/^22/²⁰⁰³
^a^{nd Co}^m^m^unit^y^Serv^ice
^Ephraⁱ^m^B^a^t^a^m^buze^B^o^a^r^{d M}^e^m^b^{er, Af}^rica^{n Dev}^e^lo^pm^ent^8/^22/²⁰⁰³
^F^o^unda^tⁱ^oⁿ
^Da^vⁱ^{d W. F}^l^em^ing^M^em^{ber (}^public)^{— B}^o^a^r^{d o}^f^Trust^ees,^8/^22/²⁰⁰³
^J^a^m^{es M}^a^diso^{n M}^e^m^o^ria^l^F^e^llo^w^s^hip
^F^o^unda^tⁱ^oⁿ
^Jos^{e A. Fourquet}^B^{oard M}^e^m^b^{er, I}ⁿ^ter-Am^{erican Foundation}^8/22/2003
^A^d^ol^{fo A}^.^Fran^co^Board^M^e^m^b^{er (governm}^e^{nt repres}^entative),^8/^22/²⁰⁰³
^Int^er-^Am^erica^{n F}^o^unda^tⁱ^oⁿ
^{Jay P. G}^reen^e^M^em^b^{er (acad}^e^mⁱ^{c) — Board}^{of T}^r^u^s^tees^,^8/^22/²⁰⁰³
^J^a^m^{es M}^a^diso^{n M}^e^m^o^ria^l^F^e^llo^w^s^hip
^F^o^unda^tⁱ^oⁿ
^{Walter H. Kans}^teiner^B^{oard M}^e^m^b^{er, African Developm}^ent^8/^22/²⁰⁰³
^F^o^unda^tⁱ^oⁿ
^Patrick^L^.^M^c^Crory^M^em^{ber — B}^{oard of T}^r^us^tees^{, Harry S.}^8/^22/²⁰⁰³
^Trum^aⁿ^Scho^la^{rship F}^o^unda^tⁱ^oⁿ
^{Roger F. Noriega}^B^{oard M}^e^m^b^er^(governm^e^{nt repres}^entative),^8/^22/²⁰⁰³
^Int^er-^Am^erica^{n F}^o^unda^tⁱ^oⁿ
^{John R. Petrocik}^M^e^m^b^{er (academ}ⁱ^{c) — B}^{oard of T}^r^us^tees^,^8/^22/²⁰⁰³
^J^a^m^{es M}^a^diso^{n M}^e^m^o^ria^l^F^e^llo^w^s^hip
^F^o^unda^tⁱ^oⁿ
^{Daniel Pipes}^B^{oard M}^e^m^b^{er, United States}^Iⁿ^s^t^{itute of}^8/^22/²⁰⁰³
^Peace
^Ju^anⁱ^t^{a A}^.^V^a^s^q^u^ez-^M^e^m^b^{er — B}^{oard of T}^r^us^tees^{, Harry S.}^8/^22/²⁰⁰³
^G^a^rdner^Trum^aⁿ^Scho^la^{rship F}^o^unda^tⁱ^oⁿ
^Bradl^e^y^D^.^Bel^t^Mem^b^{er, S}^o^ci^al^S^ecu^ri^t^y^A^d^vⁱ^s^o^ry^Board^12/^23/²⁰⁰³
^Cyⁿ^t^hⁱ^{a B}^o^ich^B^o^a^r^d^Mem^b^er^{, Co}^r^p^o^r^atioⁿ^f^o^r^Natioⁿ^a^{l an}^d^12/^23/²⁰⁰³
^Co^m^m^uⁿ^ity^Ser^v^ice
^A^l^bert^C^a^s^e^y^G^ov^ern^o^{r, U}ⁿⁱ^t^e^{d S}^t^at^es^Pos^t^al^S^e^rvⁱ^c^e^12/^23/²⁰⁰³

^{Recess a}^ppo^int^e^e^P^o^s^it^ioⁿ^Appo^int^m^ent^da^t^e
^Gay^Har^t^Gain^es^B^o^ar^d^Mem^b^er^{, Co}^r^p^o^r^atioⁿ^f^o^r^P^u^b^lic^12/^23/²⁰⁰³
^Broadcas^tⁱⁿ^g
^Do^r^o^th^y^A^.^J^o^hⁿ^s^oⁿ^B^o^ar^d^Mem^b^er^{, Co}^r^p^o^r^atioⁿ^f^o^r^Natioⁿ^a^{l an}^d^12/^23/²⁰⁰³
^Co^m^m^uⁿ^ity^Ser^v^ice
^Hen^r^y^L^o^zan^o^B^o^a^r^d^Mem^b^er^{, Co}^r^p^o^r^atioⁿ^f^o^r^Natioⁿ^a^{l an}^d^12/^23/²⁰⁰³
^Co^m^m^uⁿ^ity^Ser^v^ice
^C^l^au^{dia P}^u^ig^B^o^{ard Mem}^b^{er, C}^o^rporation^f^o^{r P}^u^blic^12/^23/²⁰⁰³
^Broadcas^tⁱⁿ^g
^F^a^y^{za V}^.^{B. R}^odm^an^Mem^b^{er, Broadcas}^tⁱⁿ^g^{Board of}^G^o^v^e^rn^ors^12/^23/²⁰⁰³
^E^d^w^a^{rd B}^rehm^B^{oard M}^e^m^b^er^(des^{ignated Chairpers}^on),^5/^28/²⁰⁰⁴
^Af^rica^{n Dev}^e^lo^pm^ent^F^o^unda^tⁱ^oⁿ
^Ada^m^M^.^Lindem^aⁿⁿ^M^e^m^b^{er, Adv}ⁱ^so^ry^B^o^a^r^{d f}^o^{r Cuba}^5/^28/²⁰⁰⁴
^Broad^cas^tⁱⁿ^g
^Ki^ron^{K. S}^kⁱⁿⁿ^e^r^M^em^b^{er, N}^a^ti^on^al^S^ecu^ri^{ty E}^d^u^c^ati^oⁿ^Board⁵^/^28/²⁰⁰⁴
^Ju^anⁱ^t^{a A}^.^V^a^s^q^u^ez-^M^e^m^b^{er — B}^{oard of T}^r^us^tees^{, Harry S.}^5/^28/²⁰⁰⁴
^G^a^rdner^Trum^aⁿ^Scho^la^{rship F}^o^unda^tⁱ^oⁿ
^Fl^oyd^Hal^l^M^e^m^b^{er, R}^e^form^Board^(A^m^t^rak⁾^7/^2/²⁰⁰⁴
^Jack^E^.^M^c^G^regor^M^e^m^b^{er — Advis}^o^{ry B}^{oard, Saint L}^a^w^rence^7/^2/²⁰⁰⁴
^S^e^aw^{ay D}^e^vel^o^p^m^en^{t C}^o^rp^orati^oⁿ
^N^a^dⁱⁿ^e^Hogan^Board^M^e^m^b^{er (d}^esⁱ^gⁿ^a^ted^Vⁱ^{ce C}^h^ai^rm^an^8/^2/²⁰⁰⁴
^{[private repres}^entative^{]), I}ⁿ^ter-Am^erican
^F^o^unda^tⁱ^oⁿ
^{Paul Jones}^M^e^m^b^{er, I}ⁿ^{ternal Revenue Service Overs}^ight^8/^2/²⁰⁰⁴
^Board
^Eⁿ^ri^q^u^e^{J. S}^o^s^a^M^e^m^b^{er, R}^e^form^Board^(A^m^t^rak⁾^8/^2/²⁰⁰⁴
^Jack^V^a^u^g^hⁿ^Board^M^e^m^b^er^{(private repres}^entative),^8/^2/²⁰⁰⁴
^Int^er-^Am^erica^{n F}^o^unda^tⁱ^oⁿ
^Rⁱ^ch^ard^{K. W}^agn^er^M^e^m^b^{er —}^A^d^vi^s^o^{ry Board}^,^N^a^ti^on^al^8/^2/²⁰⁰⁴
^Iⁿ^s^t^{itute for L}ⁱ^teracy
^{Scott K. Walk}^er^M^e^m^b^{er — Advis}^o^{ry B}^{oard, Saint L}^a^w^rence^8/^2/²⁰⁰⁴
^S^e^aw^{ay D}^e^vel^o^p^m^en^{t C}^o^rp^orati^oⁿ
^{Roger W. Wallace}^B^{oard M}^e^m^b^{er, (des}^{ignated Chairm}^an^8/^2/²⁰⁰⁴
^{[private repres}^entative^{]), I}ⁿ^ter-Am^erican
^F^o^unda^tⁱ^oⁿ
^C^a^rol^yⁿ^L^.^G^a^l^l^agh^er^G^overn^{or, U}ⁿⁱ^t^ed^S^t^ates^Pos^t^al^S^ervi^c^e^11/^3/²⁰⁰⁴
^L^o^uⁱ^s^{J. G}ⁱ^u^lⁱ^aⁿ^o^G^overn^{or, U}ⁿⁱ^t^ed^S^t^ates^Pos^t^al^S^ervi^c^e^11/^3/²⁰⁰⁴
^A^d^ol^{fo A}^.^Fran^co^Board^M^e^m^b^{er (governm}^e^{nt repres}^entative),^1/^19/²⁰⁰⁵
^Int^er-^Am^erica^{n F}^o^unda^tⁱ^oⁿ
^{Roger F. Noriega}^B^{oard M}^e^m^b^er^(governm^e^{nt repres}^entative),^1/^19/²⁰⁰⁵
^Int^er-^Am^erica^{n F}^o^unda^tⁱ^oⁿ
^Jam^es^{H. B}^ilbray^M^em^{ber, Defens}^{e B}^a^s^e^Clos^{ure and}^4/^1/²⁰⁰⁵
^Rea^lig^nm^{ent Co}^m^mⁱ^ssioⁿ
^{Philip Co}^y^l^e^M^em^{ber, Def}^e^{nse B}^a^{se Clo}^s^{ure a}ⁿ^d^4/^1/²⁰⁰⁵

^Rea^lig^nm^{ent Co}^m^mⁱ^ssioⁿ

^{Recess a}^ppo^int^e^e^P^o^s^it^ioⁿ^Appo^int^m^ent^da^t^e
^Harol^d^W^.^G^e^h^m^an^M^e^m^b^{er, Defens}^{e B}^a^s^e^Clos^{ure and}^4/^1/²⁰⁰⁵
^Jr.^Rea^lig^nm^{ent Co}^m^mⁱ^ssioⁿ
^Jam^es^{V. Hans}^en^M^e^m^b^{er, Defens}^{e B}^a^s^e^Clos^{ure and}^4/^1/²⁰⁰⁵
^Rea^lig^nm^{ent Co}^m^mⁱ^ssioⁿ
^Jam^es^T^.^Hill^M^e^m^b^{er, Defens}^{e B}^a^s^e^Clos^{ure and}^4/^1/²⁰⁰⁵
^Rea^lig^nm^{ent Co}^m^mⁱ^ssioⁿ
^L^l^oyd^W^.^N^e^w^t^on^M^e^m^b^{er, D}^e^fen^s^{e Bas}^e^C^l^os^u^{re an}^d^4/^1/²⁰⁰⁵
^Rea^lig^nm^{ent Co}^m^mⁱ^ssioⁿ
^Aⁿ^th^on^{y J. Pri}ⁿ^ci^pⁱ^M^e^m^b^{er (d}^esⁱ^gⁿ^a^ted^C^h^ai^rm^an^{), D}^e^fen^s^e^4/^1/²⁰⁰⁵
^B^a^{se Clo}^s^{ure a}^{nd Rea}^lig^nm^ent^Co^m^mⁱ^ssioⁿ
^Sam^u^{el K. Sk}^inner^M^em^{ber, Defens}^{e B}^a^s^e^Clos^{ure and}^4/^1/²⁰⁰⁵
^Rea^lig^nm^{ent Co}^m^mⁱ^ssioⁿ
^{Sue E}^{llen T}^u^rner^M^e^m^b^{er, Defens}^{e B}^a^s^e^Clos^{ure and}^4/^1/²⁰⁰⁵
^Rea^lig^nm^{ent Co}^m^mⁱ^ssioⁿ
^Johⁿ^R^.^Bol^t^on^R^e^p^res^en^tati^ve^{of the U.S. in the United}^8/^1/²⁰⁰⁵
^Nations^{Security Council}
^Johⁿ^R^.^Bol^t^on^R^e^p^res^en^tati^{ve of th}^{e U}^.^S^.^{to S}^e^s^sⁱ^on^s^{of th}^e^8/^1/²⁰⁰⁵
^Unit^{ed Na}^tⁱ^oⁿ^{s G}^e^nera^{l Assem}^b^ly
^St^{ephen G}^o^ldsm^it^h^B^o^a^r^{d M}^e^m^b^{er, Co}^rpo^r^a^t^io^{n f}^o^{r Na}^tⁱ^oⁿ^a^l^1/^4/²⁰⁰⁶
^a^{nd Co}^m^m^unit^y^Serv^ice
^Fl^oyd^Hal^l^M^e^m^b^{er, R}^e^form^Board^(A^m^t^rak⁾^1/^4/²⁰⁰⁶
^N^a^dⁱⁿ^e^Hogan^Board^M^e^m^b^{er (d}^esⁱ^gⁿ^a^ted^Vⁱ^{ce C}^h^ai^rm^an^1/^4/²⁰⁰⁶
^{[private repres}^entative^{]), I}ⁿ^ter-Am^erican
^F^o^unda^tⁱ^oⁿ
^Eⁿ^ri^q^u^e^{J. S}^o^s^a^M^e^m^b^{er, R}^e^form^Board^(A^m^t^rak⁾^1/^4/²⁰⁰⁶
^{Roger W. Wallace}^B^{oard M}^e^m^b^{er (des}^{ignated Chairm}^an^1/^4/²⁰⁰⁶
^{[private repres}^entative^{]), I}ⁿ^ter-Am^erican
^F^o^unda^tⁱ^oⁿ
^Johⁿ^G^a^rdⁿ^e^r^G^overn^{or, U}ⁿⁱ^t^ed^S^t^ates^Pos^t^al^S^ervi^ce^1/^6/²⁰⁰⁶
^{John L}^.^Palm^er^M^e^m^b^{er, B}^{oard of T}^r^us^tees^{of the Federal}^4/^19/²⁰⁰⁶
^O^l^d-^Ag^{e a}^{nd Surv}ⁱ^v^o^r^{s Insura}^{nce Trust}
^{Fund a}^{nd t}^h^{e Federa}^{l Disa}^bilit^y^Trust^Fund
^{John L}^.^Palm^er^M^e^m^b^{er, B}^{oard of T}^r^us^tees^{of the Federal}^4/^19/²⁰⁰⁶
^H^o^spit^a^l^Insur^a^nc^e^Tr^ust^F^und
^Johⁿ^L^.^Pal^m^er^M^e^m^b^{er, Board}^{of T}^r^u^s^tees^{of th}^e^4/^19/²⁰⁰⁶
^Supplem^ent^a^ry^M^e^dica^{l Insura}^{nce Trust}
^F^und
^T^h^om^as^R^.^S^aviⁿ^g^M^e^m^b^{er, Board}^{of T}^r^u^s^tees^{of th}^{e Fed}^eral^4/^19/²⁰⁰⁶
^O^l^d-^Ag^{e a}^{nd Surv}ⁱ^v^o^r^{s Insura}^{nce Trust}
^{Fund a}^{nd t}^h^{e Federa}^{l Disa}^bilit^y^Trust^Fund
^T^h^om^as^R^.^S^aviⁿ^g^M^e^m^b^{er, Board}^{of T}^r^u^s^tees^{of th}^{e Fed}^eral^4/^19/²⁰⁰⁶
^H^o^spit^a^l^Insur^a^nc^e^Tr^ust^F^und
^T^h^om^as^R^.^S^aviⁿ^g^M^e^m^b^{er, Board}^{of T}^r^u^s^tees^{of th}^e^4/^19/²⁰⁰⁶

^Supplem^ent^a^ry^M^e^dica^{l Insura}^{nce Trust}
^F^und

^{Recess a}^ppo^int^e^e^P^o^s^it^ioⁿ^Appo^int^m^ent^da^t^e
^{Jeffrey R}^.^Browⁿ^M^em^b^{er, S}^o^ci^al^S^ecu^ri^{ty A}^d^vi^s^o^{ry Board}^10/^19/²⁰⁰⁶
^D^a^bn^ey^L^.^F^rⁱ^e^dri^c^h^M^em^{ber, U}ⁿⁱ^t^e^{d S}^t^at^es^S^eⁿ^t^en^ciⁿ^g^C^o^m^mⁱ^s^sⁱ^on^12/^12/²⁰⁰⁶
^Bery^l^A^.^H^o^w^e^l^l^Mem^b^{er, U}ⁿⁱ^t^e^{d S}^t^at^es^S^eⁿ^t^en^ciⁿ^g^C^o^m^mⁱ^s^sⁱ^on^12/^12/²⁰⁰⁶
^W^a^r^r^eⁿ^B^e^ll^B^o^ar^d^Mem^b^er^{, Co}^r^p^o^r^atioⁿ^f^o^r^P^u^b^lic^12/^20/²⁰⁰⁶
^Broadcas^tⁱⁿ^g
^Mark^McKⁱⁿⁿ^oⁿ^M^em^{ber, Board of}^Broadcas^tⁱⁿ^g^G^o^v^e^rn^ors^12/^20/²⁰⁰⁶
^Sources^:^T^a^{ble created by}^th^{e C}^oⁿ^g^r^es^sⁱ^on^{al R}^e^s^earch^Se^r^vⁱ^c^e^usi^{ng d}^a^t^a^fr^o^m^va^rⁱ^o^u^s^vo^l^u^m^e^s^o^f
^th^e^W^{eekly C}^o^{mpilation of Pr}^es^identia^l^Documents^{; th}^{e Sen}^a^{te n}^o^mⁱⁿ^a^tioⁿ^s^d^a^tab^a^{se o}^f^th^e
^L^e^gⁱ^s^l^a^tⁱ^v^e^Iⁿ^f^o^r^m^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^S^y^s^t^e^m^,^f^o^uⁿ^d^a^t^[^h^t^t^p^:^/^/^www.^c^oⁿ^g^r^e^s^s^.^g^o^v^/ⁿ^o^mi^s^/^]^,^acces^s^e^{d October 31,}
^{2008; W}^h^it^e^H^o^u^s^{e pres}^s^releas^es^{, f}^o^uⁿ^d^{at [h}^ttp://^www.^whⁱ^t^e^h^o^u^s^e^.^g^o^v^/ⁿ^e^ws^/^]^,^acces^s^e^{d October 31,}
^2008;^an^{d t}^e^l^e^ph^on^{e con}^v^e^rs^atⁱ^oⁿ^s^wⁱ^t^h^t^h^{e Wh}ⁱ^t^e^H^o^u^s^{e Ex}^ecu^tⁱ^v^{e C}^l^erk^’^s^O^f^fⁱ^ce.
^{a. T}^h^is^{table cov}^e^rs^th^{e period f}^r^om^th^{e day}^P^r^es^iden^{t B}^u^s^h^t^o^o^k^o^f^fⁱ^{ce u}ⁿ^{til October 31, 2008.}
^En^triesⁱⁿ^bold^are^reces^s^appoin^t^m^eⁿ^t^s^th^{at w}^e^{re m}^a^{de du}^rin^g^{a reces}^s^w^ithⁱⁿ^{a s}^e^s^sⁱ^on^of
^Co^ngr^e^{ss (}ⁱⁿ^tra^s^essioⁿ^reces^s^appoin^t^m^eⁿ^t^s⁾^.^A^{ll oth}^e^{r en}^tries^{are reces}^s^appoin^t^m^eⁿ^t^s^th^at
^w^e^{re m}^a^{de du}^rin^g^{a reces}^s^b^e^t^w^e^eⁿ^C^oⁿ^g^r^es^s^e^s^{or betw}^een^s^e^s^sⁱ^on^s^of^C^oⁿ^g^r^es^s⁽ⁱⁿ^te^rse^ssioⁿ
^reces^s^appoiⁿ^t^m^eⁿ^t^s⁾^.