Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education: FY2007 Appropriations

Labor, Health and Human Services,
and Education: FY2007 Appropriations
Updated March 21, 2007
Paul M. Irwin
Specialist in Social Legislation
Domestic Social Policy Division

The annual consideration of appropriations bills (regular, continuing, and supplemental) by
Congress is part of a complex set of budget processes that also encompasses the
consideration of budget resolutions, revenue and debt-limit legislation, other spending
measures, and reconciliation bills. In addition, the operation of programs and the spending
of appropriated funds are subject to constraints established in authorizing statutes.
Congressional action on the budget for a fiscal year usually begins following the submission
of the President’s budget at the beginning of each annual session of Congress.
Congressional practices governing the consideration of appropriations and other budgetary
measures are rooted in the Constitution, the standing rules of the House and Senate, and
statutes, such as the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974.
This report is a guide to one of the regular appropriations bills that Congress considers each
year. It is designed to supplement the information provided by the House and Senate
Appropriations Subcommittees on Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and
Related Agencies. It summarizes the status of the bill, its scope, major issues, funding
levels, and related congressional activity, and is updated as events warrant. The report lists
the key CRS staff relevant to the issues covered and related CRS products.
NOTE: A Web version of this document with active links is
available to congressional staff at [http://apps.crs.gov/cli/cli.aspx?
P RDS_CLI_ITEM_ID=2347& f r om=3&f romId=73].

Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education:
FY2007 Appropriations
Summary
This report tracks FY2007 appropriations for the Departments of Labor, Health
and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies (L-HHS-ED). This
legislation provides discretionary funds for three major federal departments and 14
related agencies. The report, which will be updated, summarizes L-HHS-ED
discretionary funding issues but not authorization or entitlement issues.
On February 6, 2006, the President submitted the FY2007 budget request to
Congress, including $138.3 billion in discretionary L-HHS-ED funds; the comparable
FY2006 amount was $147.3 billion, enacted primarily through P.L. 109-149. The
Revised Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2007, H.J.Res. 20, provides an
estimated $144.4 billion in discretionary funds for L-HHS-ED activities; the bill was
signed into law on February 15, 2007, as P.L. 110-5. Actual FY2007 appropriations
for programs, projects, and activities were not specified by P.L. 110-5; these
amounts will become available at a later time. A series of continuing resolutions,
beginning with P.L. 109-289, provided temporary L-HHS-ED funding from October

1, 2006, through February 15, 2007.

Department of Labor (DOL). DOL discretionary appropriations were $11.7
billion in FY2006; $11.0 billion was requested for FY2007. FY2007 funding for
Workforce Investment Act (WIA) programs would be decreased by $822 million.
Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). HHS discretionary
appropriations were $66.7 billion in FY2006; $61.8 billion was requested for
FY2007. Funding would be increased by $181 million for Community Health
Centers. Funding would be decreased by $198 million for the Children’s Hospital
Graduate Medical Education (CHGME). The Low-Income Home Energy Assistance
Program (LIHEAP) would be decreased by $379 million. The $550 million Social
Services Block Grant (SSBG) and the $630 million Community Services Block
Grant (CSBG) would be eliminated. Pandemic Influenza Preparedness, funded at
$5.4 billion in FY2006, would receive no new funds.
Department of Education (ED). ED discretionary appropriations were $57.6
billion in FY2006; $54.3 billion was requested for FY2007. Funding would be
increased for Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) programs in
aggregate, and five K-12 initiatives, including $1.5 billion for High School Reform,
were proposed. Decreases of $385 million for Pell Grants and $448 million for
TRIO were requested. Funding would be eliminated for the $272 million
Educational Technology State Grants, the $303 million GEAR UP program, and the
$1.9 billion education hurricane recovery programs.
Related Agencies. Discretionary appropriations for L-HHS-ED related
agencies were $11.4 billion in FY2006; $11.2 billion was requested for FY2007.
Two-year advance funding for the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB) would
be eliminated. An increase of $271 million was requested for Supplemental Security
Income (SSI) discretionary activities.

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Contents
Most Recent Developments..........................................1
Public Law P.L. 110-5 (H.J.Res. 20) Enacted....................1
Senate Bill S. 3708 Reported.................................1
House Bill H.R. 5647 Reported...............................1
President’s Budget Submitted................................1
Note on Most Recent Data...................................2
Overview and Key Issues............................................3
Program Level and Current Year Appropriations.....................3
President’s Request............................................5
House Bill...................................................6
Senate Bill...................................................8
Public Law...................................................9
Major Discretionary Programs, FY2006-FY2007....................10
“Across-the-Board” Rescission for FY2006........................11
302(a) and 302(b) Allocation Ceilings.............................11
Advance Appropriations.......................................12
Major Funding Trends.........................................13
Earmarks for Specific Projects...................................14
Department of Labor..............................................16
Key Issues..................................................16
President’s Request.......................................16
House Bill..............................................17
Senate Bill..............................................17
CRS Products................................................17
Websites ....................................................18
Detailed Appropriations Table...................................18
Department of Health and Human Services.............................21
Key Issues..................................................21
President’s Request.......................................21
House Bill..............................................22
Senate Bill..............................................22
Abortion: Funding Restrictions..............................23
Embryonic Stem Cell Research: Funding Restrictions............23
CRS Products................................................24
Websites ....................................................25
Detailed Appropriations Table...................................25

Department of Education...........................................28
Key Issues..................................................28
President’s Request.......................................28
House Bill..............................................29
Senate Bill..............................................30
ESEA Funding Shortfall?..................................30
IDEA Funding Shortfall?...................................31
Forward Funding and Advance Appropriations..................31
CRS Products................................................33
Websites ....................................................33
Detailed Appropriations Table...................................33
Related Agencies.................................................36
Key Issues..................................................36
President’s Request.......................................36
House Bill..............................................36
Senate Bill..............................................37
CRS Products................................................37
Websites ....................................................37
Detailed Appropriations Table...................................38
Appendix A. Terminology and Web Resources.........................41
Websites ....................................................42
Appendix B. Context of L-HHS-ED Appropriations.....................43
List of Tables
Table 1. Legislative Status of L-HHS-ED Appropriations, FY2007..........1
Table 2. L-HHS-ED Appropriations Summary, FY2006-FY2007............4
Table 3. Major Discretionary Programs, FY2006-FY2007................10
Table 4. FY2007 302(b) Discretionary Allocations......................12
Table 5. Discretionary Funding Trends, FY2002-FY2006.................14
Table 6. Estimated Earmarks, Selected Years, FY1996-FY2006............15
Table 7. Department of Labor Discretionary Appropriations...............16
Table 8. Detailed Department of Labor Appropriations...................19
Table 9. Department of Health and Human Services
Discretionary Appropriations....................................21
Table 10. Detailed Department of Health and Human Services
Appropriations ...............................................26
Table 11. Department of Education Discretionary Appropriations..........28
Table 12. Detailed Department of Education Appropriations..............34
Table 13. Related Agencies Discretionary Appropriations.................36
Table 14. Detailed Related Agencies Appropriations.....................39
Table B.1. L-HHS-ED Budget Authority by Agency, FY2006.............43
Table B.2. L-HHS-ED Budget Authority by Source, FY2006..............43

Labor, Health and Human Services,
and Education: FY2007 Appropriations
Most Recent Developments
Public Law P.L. 110-5 (H.J.Res. 20) Enacted. Following a series of three
continuing resolutions, the Revised Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2007
(P.L. 110-5), was enacted into law on February 15, 2007. According to the
Congressional Budget Office (CBO), the resolution provides an estimated $144.4
billion in discretionary appropriations for Labor, Health and Human Services, and
Education, and Related Agencies (L-HHS-ED) activities. The FY2006 L-HHS-ED
discretionary amount was $147.3 billion, which included $4.2 billion for 2005 Gulf
Coast hurricane relief and pandemic influenza preparedness. Actual FY2007
appropriations for programs, projects, and activities were not specified by P.L. 110-

5; these amounts will become available at a later time.

Senate Bill S. 3708 Reported. On July 20, 2006, the Senate Committee on
Appropriations reported S. 3708 (S.Rept. 109-287), its proposal for FY2007 L-HHS-
ED appropriations. The bill would provide $142.9 billion in FY2007 discretionary
funds for L-HHS-ED.
House Bill H.R. 5647 Reported. On June 20, 2006, the House Committee
on Appropriations reported H.R. 5647 (H.Rept. 109-515), its proposal for FY2007
appropriations for L-HHS-ED programs. The bill would provide $142.4 billion in
discretionary funds for L-HHS-ED programs.
President’s Budget Submitted. On February 6, 2006, the President
submitted the FY2007 budget to Congress; the request was for $138.3 billion in
discretionary funds for L-HHS-ED programs.
Table 1 summarizes the legislative status of FY2007 L-HHS-ED appropriations.
Table 1. Legislative Status of L-HHS-ED Appropriations, FY2007
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^6/^07/⁰⁶^7/^18/⁰⁶^6/^20/⁰⁶^7/^20/⁰⁶^2/^15/⁰⁷
^(a)^(b)^(c)^(d)^(e)
^{a. T}^h^{e Hou}^s^{e Su}^bcom^m^{ittee on}^L^a^{bor, Health}^an^{d H}^u^m^aⁿ^S^e^rvⁱ^ces^{, an}^{d Edu}^catⁱ^oⁿ^A^ppropri^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s
^beg^aⁿ^{FY2007 h}^earin^g^s^on^{Feb. 16, 2006}^.^T^h^{e Su}^bcom^m^{ittee m}^a^rk^{ed u}^p^its^v^e^rs^ion^of^th^e
^F^Y^{2007 L}^-^H^H^S^-^E^D^appropri^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s^on^Juⁿ^e^{7, 2006, an}^{d approv}^{ed i}^t^by^{a v}^o^t^e^of^{9 t}^o^7.

^{b. T}^h^{e S}^eⁿ^a^t^e^S^u^bcom^mⁱ^t^t^{ee on}^L^a^{bor, H}^eal^t^h^an^{d H}^u^m^aⁿ^S^e^rvⁱ^ces^{, an}^{d Edu}^catⁱ^oⁿ^A^ppropri^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s
^beg^aⁿ^{FY2007 h}^earin^g^s^on^{Mar. 1, 2006. T}^h^{e Su}^bcom^m^{ittee m}^a^rk^{ed u}^p^its^v^e^rs^ion^of^th^e
^{FY2007 L}^-^HHS-^E^{D bill on}^J^u^ly^{18, 2006, an}^{d approv}^{ed it by}^v^o^{ice v}^o^te.^th
^{c. H}^.^R^.⁵⁶⁴⁷⁽¹⁰⁹^Coⁿ^g^r^ess)^{: T}^h^{e Ho}^u^s^{e Co}^m^m^{ittee o}ⁿ^A^p^p^r^o^p^r^iatioⁿ^s^ap^p^r^o^v^ed^its^v^e^r^s^ioⁿ^o^f^th^e
^L^-^H^H^S^-^E^D^appropri^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s^f^o^{r F}^Y^{2007 on}^Juⁿ^e^{13, 2006, by}^v^oⁱ^{ce v}^o^t^e^{, an}^{d ordered t}^h^{e bi}^l^l
^report^e^d.^S^u^bs^equ^eⁿ^t^l^y^{, H}^.^R^.^{5647 (H}^.R^ept^.^109-^{515) w}^a^sⁱⁿ^t^r^odu^{ced an}^{d report}^e^{d on}^Juⁿ^e^20,
^{2006. T}^h^{e f}^u^{ll Hou}^s^{e did n}^o^{t con}^s^{ider th}^is^bill.^th
^{d. S}^.^{3708 (109}^C^oⁿ^g^r^es^s⁾^:^T^h^{e S}^eⁿ^a^t^e^C^o^m^mⁱ^t^t^{ee on}^A^p^p^r^o^p^rⁱ^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s^approv^{ed an}^{d report}^e^{d i}^t^s
^v^e^rsⁱ^oⁿ^of^t^h^{e F}^Y^{2007 L}^-^H^H^S^-^E^D^appropri^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s^on^Ju^l^y^{20, 2006, by}^{a v}^o^t^e^of^{28 t}^o^{0. T}^h^e
^f^u^{ll Sen}^a^{te d}ⁱ^dⁿ^o^{t co}ⁿ^s^id^er^th^{is b}^ill.^th
^e.^P^.^L^.^110-^{5: Du}^rin^g^th^{e in}^{itial w}^eek^s^of^th^e¹¹⁰^C^oⁿ^g^r^es^s^,^t^h^{e H}^o^u^s^{e pas}^s^e^{d H}^.^R^e^s^.^{116 (H}^.R^ept^.
^110-^{6), t}^h^{e ru}^l^e^f^o^{r f}^l^{oor con}^sⁱ^d^eratⁱ^oⁿ^of^H^.^J.R^e^s^.^{20, by}^{a v}^o^t^e^of^225-^{191 (R}^ol^l^C^a^l^lⁿ^o^{. 67);}
^s^ee^C^ongr^es^sⁱ^onal^Recor^d^,^Daily^Edition^,^J^aⁿ^.^{31, 2007, pp. H1059-}^{68, H1070-}^71.^T^h^e^Hou^s^e
^pas^s^e^{d H}^.^J.R^e^s^.^{20 by}^a^v^o^t^e^of^286-^{140 (R}^ol^l^C^a^l^lⁿ^o^{. 72);}^s^ee^C^ongr^es^sⁱ^onal^Recor^d^{, Daily}
^Edition^,^J^aⁿ^.^{31, 2007, pp. H1071-}^{1113. T}^h^{e Sen}^a^{te pas}^s^e^d^H^.^J^.^R^e^s^.^{20 by}^{a v}^o^{te of}^81-¹⁵
⁽^R^o^{ll Call n}^o^{. 4}⁸⁾^.^Fo^r^Sen^a^{te co}ⁿ^s^id^er^atioⁿ^,^see^C^ongr^es^sⁱ^onal^Recor^d^{, Daily}^Ed^itioⁿ^,^Feb^.⁸^,
^{2007, pp.}^S1⁷^46-^50;^F^e^{b. 13, pp. S}^1889-^97;^F^e^{b. 14, pp. S}^{1933, S}^{1937, S}^1942-^{53. O}ⁿ^F^e^b.
^{15, 2007, t}^h^{e Pres}ⁱ^d^en^t^sⁱ^gⁿ^e^{d H}^.^J.R^e^s^.^{20 i}ⁿ^t^o^l^a^w^,^as^P.L^.^110-^5.^T^h^{ree F}^Y^{2007 con}^tⁱⁿ^uⁱⁿ^g
^res^o^l^u^tⁱ^oⁿ^s,^b^e^giⁿⁿⁱⁿ^g^wⁱ^t^h^Dⁱ^vⁱ^sⁱ^on^{B of}^P.L^.^109-^{289 (H}^.R^{. 5631), prov}ⁱ^d^{ed t}^e^m^porary
^{FY2007 f}^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^f^o^{r m}^o^s^t^L^-^HHS-^E^{D activ}^ities^f^o^{r th}^e^p^e^rⁱ^o^d^O^c^{tober 1, 2006, th}^rou^g^h
^F^e^bru^a^ry^{15, 2007.}
Note on Most Recent Data. In this report, unless stated otherwise, data on
FY2006 appropriations and FY2007 appropriations proposals are based on the June
13, 2006, table of the House Committee on Appropriations, except FY2007 Senate
amounts are based on S.Rept. 109-287. In most cases, data represent net funding for
specific programs and activities, and take into account current and forward funding
and advance appropriations; however, all data are subject to additional budgetary
scorekeeping. Except where noted, data refer only to those programs within the
purview of L-HHS-ED appropriations, and not to all programs within the jurisdiction
of the relevant departments and agencies. Funding from other appropriations bills,
and entitlements funded outside of the annual appropriations process, are excluded.
The FY2007 data in this report reflect the provisions of H.R. 5647, as reported
by the House Committee on Appropriations on June 20, 2006 (H.Rept. 109-515), and
the provisions of S. 3708, as reported by the Senate Committee on Appropriations
on July 20, 2006 (S.Rept. 109-287). Actual FY2007 appropriations for programs,
projects, and activities were not specified by P.L. 110-5; these amounts will become
available at a later time.
The FY2006 data in this report are post-rescission, and take into account the 1%
cut of most FY2006 discretionary amounts required by P.L. 109-148 (see the section
titled “‘Across-the-Board Rescission’ for FY2006,” later in this report). The FY2006
amounts include funding from some — but not all — FY2006 supplemental
appropriations; amounts shown are those provided by the June 13, 2006, table of the
House Committee on Appropriations. Specifically, these amounts include funding
provided by P.L. 109-148 for relief from the 2005 Gulf Coast hurricanes and for
pandemic influenza preparedness, as well as other supplemental funding provided by
P.L. 109-13, P.L. 109-171, and P.L. 109-204. However, FY2006 data do not yet take
into account the supplemental appropriations for the 2005 Gulf Coast hurricanes and
pandemic influenza enacted through P.L. 109-234, the Emergency Supplemental
Appropriations Act for Defense, the Global War on Terror, and Hurricane Recovery,
2006 (signed into law on June 15, 2006). The FY2006 amounts in this report differ
from those shown for FY2006 in the H.R. 3010 conference report (H.Rept. 109-337,

December 13, 2005) for L-HHS-ED appropriations, because the conference amounts
were pre-reduction and excluded FY2006 supplemental appropriations.
Overview and Key Issues
This report describes the President’s proposal for FY2007 appropriations for
L-HHS-ED programs, as submitted to Congress on February 6, 2006, and the
congressional response to that proposal. It compares the President’s FY2007 request
to the FY2006 L-HHS-ED amounts. It tracks legislative action and congressional
issues related to the L-HHS-ED appropriations bill, with particular attention paid to
discretionary programs. However, the report does not follow specific funding issues
related to mandatory L-HHS-ED programs — such as Medicare or Social Security
— nor does it follow any authorizing legislation that may be needed prior to funding
some of the President’s budget initiatives. For a glossary of budget terms and
relevant websites, see Appendix A, “Terminology and Web Resources.” For
funding sources for L-HHS-ED agencies, see Appendix B, “Context of L-HHS-ED
Appropriations.”
The L-HHS-ED bill typically is one of the more controversial of the regular
appropriations bills, not only because of the size of its funding total and the scope of
its programs, but also because of the continuing importance of various related issues,
such as restrictions on the use of federal funds for abortion, stem cell research, and
human cloning. This bill provides discretionary funds for three federal departments
and 14 related agencies including the Social Security Administration (SSA).
Among the various appropriations bills, L-HHS-ED is the largest single source
of discretionary funds for domestic federal programs; the Department of Defense
(DOD) bill is the largest source of discretionary funds among all federal programs.
According to the Budget of the United States Government Fiscal Year 2007, Table
S-4, the FY2006 L-HHS-ED bill accounted for $141.8 billion (16.8%) and the DOD
bill accounted for $399.2 billion (47.3%) of the estimated $843.3 billion total for all
federal discretionary budget authority in FY2006, excluding supplemental and
emergency funding. This section summarizes major funding changes proposed for
L-HHS-ED and related issues such as 302(b) allocations, advance appropriations, and
earmarks for specific projects. Later sections provide details on individual
L-HHS-ED departments and agencies.
Program Level and Current Year Appropriations
Table 2 summarizes the L-HHS-ED appropriations for FY2007, including both
discretionary and mandatory appropriations. The table shows various aggregate
measures of L-HHS-ED appropriations enacted for FY2006 and proposed for
FY2007, including the discretionary program level, current year, and advance
appropriations, as well as scorekeeping adjustments.

Table 2. L-HHS-ED Appropriations Summary, FY2006-FY2007
(dollars in billions)
^Ty^{pe o}^f^budg^et^a^u^t^h^o^r^it^y^FY²⁰⁰⁶^enacted^FY²⁰⁰⁷^request^FY²⁰⁰⁷^Hou^s^e^FY²⁰⁰⁷^Sena^t^e^FY²⁰⁰⁷^fiⁿ^a^l
^Dis^cretionary^{appropriations}
^P^r^o^g^r^a^m^lev^e^{l: cu}^r^r^en^{t b}^{ill f}^o^r^$147.3^$138.3^$142.4^$142.9
^an^y^y^ear
^C^u^rren^t^y^{ear: cu}^rren^{t y}^ear^141.2^137.8^141.9^142.8
^f^r^om^an^y^bi^l^l
^A^d^v^aⁿ^ces^f^o^{r f}^u^tu^{re y}^ears^19.3^18.9^19.3^19.3
⁽^f^r^o^m^th^{e cu}^r^r^eⁿ^t^b^ill)
^A^d^v^aⁿ^ces^f^r^om^{prior y}^ears^19.1^19.3^19.3^19.3
⁽^f^r^o^m^p^r^ev^io^u^s^b^ills)
^S^c^orek^eepiⁿ^g^adj^u^s^t^m^eⁿ^t^s^-^5.9^-^0.9^-^0.5^N^A
^{Current y}^e^a^r^discretio^na^ry^a^{nd m}^a^nda^to^ry^funding
^Dⁱ^s^c^retⁱ^oⁿ^a^ry^141.2^137.8^141.9^142.8
^Man^d^at^ory^460.3^454.7^454.6^N^A
^T^o^t^a^l^cu^rren^t^y^ear^601.5^592.5^596.5^N^A
^G^r^a^{nd t}^o^t^a^{l o}^f^f^unding^f^o^{r L-}^H^H^S^-^E^{D bill, a}ⁿ^y^y^e^a^r
^G^r^an^{d t}^o^t^a^l^an^y^y^ear^$606.8^$601.1^$605.0^$605.5
^Source:^A^m^ouⁿ^t^s^{are bas}^e^{d on}^th^{e J}^uⁿ^e^{13, 2006, table of}^th^{e Hou}^s^{e C}^o^m^m^ittee^on^A^ppropriation^s^,
^ex^cept^f^o^{r S}^eⁿ^a^t^e^am^ouⁿ^t^s^,^w^hⁱ^c^h^{are bas}^e^{d on}^S^.^R^e^pt^{. 109-}^{287. F}^Y²⁰⁰⁶^am^ouⁿ^t^s^ref^l^ect^t^h^e^1%^cu^t
^requ^{ired by}^P^.^L^.^109-^{148 (s}^{ee th}^{e s}^ection^{titled “}^‘^A^c^ros^s^-^th^e-^B^o^ard’^R^e^s^c^is^sⁱ^oⁿ^fo^r^{FY2006,” later}
ⁱⁿ^t^hⁱ^s^report⁾^{, bu}^t^t^h^ey^{do n}^o^t^y^e^tⁱⁿ^cl^u^d^{e al}^l^F^Y^{2006 s}^u^ppl^em^en^t^a^l^appropri^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s^{. A}^ppropri^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s
^a^r^e^give^{n o}ⁿ^ly^fo^r^p^r^o^g^r^a^m^s^inc^l^ud^e^d^{in the}^a^nnua^{l L}^-^HHS-E^{D b}^ill.
^No^te:^Bot^h^F^Y^{2006 an}^d^FY²^{007 m}^aⁿ^d^at^ory^am^ouⁿ^t^s^{are es}^tⁱ^m^at^es^t^h^at^{are s}^u^bj^ect^t^o^adj^u^s^t^m^eⁿ^t^s
^af^{ter th}^e^clos^e^of^th^{eir res}^p^ectiv^{e f}ⁱ^s^{cal y}^ears^.^A^{ll am}^ouⁿ^t^sⁱⁿ^th^{e table are s}^u^bj^{ect to ch}^an^g^e^th^rou^g^h
^t^h^{e en}^act^m^e^nt^of^f^u^rt^h^e^{r s}^u^ppl^em^en^t^a^l^s^an^{d res}^cⁱ^s^sⁱ^on^s^f^o^{r F}^Y^{2006 an}^{d s}^c^orek^eepiⁿ^g^adj^u^s^t^m^eⁿ^t^s^.
^“^N^A^”^m^ean^sⁿ^o^{t av}^ailable.
^!Program level appropriations reflect the total discretionary
appropriations in a given bill, regardless of the year in which they
will be spent, and therefore include advance funding for future years.
Unless otherwise specified, proposed FY2007 appropriations levels
in this report refer to program level amounts.
^!Current year appropriations represent discretionary appropriations
in a given bill for the current year, plus discretionary appropriations
for the current year that were enacted in prior years — for example,
FY2006 appropriations that were enacted in the FY2005 act.
Current year discretionary appropriations are similar to the amount
counted for the 302(b) allocation ceilings (discussed later in this
report).
^!Advance appropriations are funds that will not become available
until after the fiscal year for which the appropriations are enacted
(for example, funds for certain education programs like Title I Part
A Grants to Local Educational Agencies for the Education of the

Disadvantaged that were included in the FY2006 act that cannot be
spent before FY2007 at the earliest, discussed later in this report).
^!Scorekeeping adjustments are made to account for special funding
situations, as monitored by the Congressional Budget Office (CBO).
Because appropriations may consist of mixtures of budget authority enacted in
various years, two summary measures are frequently used — program level
appropriations and current year appropriations. How are these measures related? For
an “operational definition,” program level funding equals (a) current year, plus
(b) advances for future years, minus (c) advances from prior years, and minus
(d) scorekeeping adjustments. Table 2 shows each of these amounts, along with
current year funding for mandatory programs and the grand total for L-HHS-ED.
President’s Request
On February 6, 2006, the President’s FY2007 request was submitted to
Congress, less than two months after the regular FY2006 L-HHS-ED appropriations
were signed into law as P.L. 109-149 (enacted December 30, 2005). With regard to
the President’s budget, the primary issues raised during congressional consideration
of any appropriations request generally relate to proposed funding changes. The
following summary highlights changes of at least $100 million proposed in FY2007
discretionary budget authority in comparison with the FY2006 amount. Viewing this
list by itself should be done with caution, since the relative impact of a $100 million
funding change to a $500 million program (a 20% increase or decrease) is greater
than a $100 million change to a $5 billion program (a 2% increase or decrease).
Later in this report, the discussion of budgets for individual departments includes
tables to compare the FY2007 request with the FY2006 funding for many of the
major programs in the L-HHS-ED bill.
Budget Highlights. Overall, $138.3 billion in discretionary appropriations
was requested for L-HHS-ED for FY2007, $9.0 billion (6.1%) less than the FY2006
amount of $147.3 billion; the FY2006 amount includes extra funds for relief related
to the 2005 Gulf Coast hurricanes and for pandemic influenza preparedness.
^!For the Department of Labor (DOL), the FY2007 request included
a decrease of $822 million for job training programs authorized by
the Workforce Investment Act of 1998 (WIA), including $152
million less for WIA Adult Training, $100 million less for WIA
Youth Training, and $483 million less for WIA Dislocated Worker
Assistance. A decrease of $142 million was proposed for the
Unemployment Compensation. Overall, $11.0 billion in FY2007
discretionary appropriations was requested for DOL, 6.0% less than
the FY2006 amount of $11.7 billion.
^!For the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), the
FY2007 request proposed an increase of $181 million for
Community Health Centers. Decreases were proposed of $136
million for Health Professions programs other than those for nursing,
$198 million for Children’s Hospital Graduate Medical Education
(CHGME), and $128 million for Buildings and Facilities at the
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). A $118 million

initiative for Fraud and Abuse Control at the Centers for Medicare
and Medicaid Services (CMS) was proposed. A decrease of $379
million was requested for the Low-Income Home Energy Assistance
Program (LIHEAP). The $550 million funding for Social Services
Block Grant (SSBG) discretionary activities would be eliminated, as
would the $630 million for the Community Services Block Grant
(CSBG). Pandemic Influenza Preparedness would receive no
additional funds; $5.4 billion was provided in FY2006. Overall,
$61.8 billion in FY2007 discretionary appropriations was requested
for HHS, 7.3% less than the FY2006 amount of $66.7 billion.
^!For the Department of Education (ED), the FY2007 request
proposed an increase of $1.1 billion for Elementary and Secondary
Education Act of 1965 (ESEA) programs in aggregate. It proposed
five K-12 education initiatives of at least $100 million, including
$1.5 billion for High School Reform. The request proposed the
elimination of the $272 million Educational Technology State
Grants, and the $347 million Safe and Drug-Free Schools State
Grants. An increase of $100 million was requested for the Special
Education Part B Grants to States program under the Individuals
with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). It proposed the elimination
of the $1.3 billion Perkins Vocational Education program. A
decrease of $385 million was proposed for the Pell Grants program,
and a decrease of $448 million for TRIO programs. No funds were
requested for the $303 million GEAR UP program. A portion of the
Perkins Loan Assets would be recalled, producing a $664 million
offset. No additional funds were requested for education programs
funded at $1.9 billion in response to the 2005 Gulf Coast hurricanes.
Overall, $54.3 billion in FY2007 discretionary appropriations was
requested for ED, 5.7% less than the FY2006 amount of $57.6
billion.
^!For the related agencies, the FY2007 budget proposed to eliminate
the two-year advance appropriations for the Corporation for Public
Broadcasting (CPB), which was provided with a two-year advance
appropriation of $400 million in the FY2006 bill. An increase of
$271 million was requested for the Supplemental Security Income
(SSI) discretionary activities, and an increase of $114 million for
Social Security Administration (SSA) Administrative Expenses.
Overall, $11.2 billion in FY2007 discretionary appropriations was
requested for related agencies, 1.8% less than the FY2006 amount
of $11.4 billion.
House Bill
The House Committee on Appropriations reported its version of the FY2007
L-HHS-ED appropriations as H.R. 5647 (H.Rept. 109-515) by a voice vote on June
20, 2006. Consideration of the bill by the full House has not yet begun; the
Committee amendment to increase the minimum wage is reportedly one of the issues
causing delay. The White House has not issued a Statement of Administration Policy
regarding the bill.

House Highlights. Overall, the House bill, as reported, would provide
FY2007 discretionary appropriations of $142.4 billion for L-HHS-ED programs. The
President requested $138.3 billion; the FY2006 amount was $147.3 billion. The
House bill differs from the President’s request in a number of details.
^!For DOL, the House bill would provide $5.0 billion for WIA
programs in aggregate, $555 million more than requested. WIA
Adult Training would receive $854 million, $142 million more than
requested. WIA Dislocated Worker Assistance would receive $1.5
billion, $362 million more than requested. Dislocated Worker
Assistance State Grants would receive $1.2 billion, $318 million
more than requested. A rescission of $325 million of prior-year
appropriations for WIA and related programs would be made under
the House bill; no request was made for a rescission. Overall, the
House bill would provide $11.5 billion in discretionary funds for
DOL; $11.0 billion was requested; and $11.7 billion was provided
for FY2006.
^!For HHS, the House bill would fund Health Professions other than
nursing at $163 million, $154 million more than requested. The
CHGME would receive $300 million, $201 million more than
requested. Health Care-Related Facilities and Activities would
receive $248 million; no funds were requested. The Preventive
Health and Health Services Block Grant (PHBG) would receive
$100 million; no funds were requested. The National Institutes of
Health (NIH) would receive $28.25 billion, $100 million less than
requested. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
(AHRQ) would receive a specific appropriation of $319 million; the
request was for indirect funding of $319 million. The CMS Fraud
and Abuse Control initiative would not be funded; $118 million was
requested. LIHEAP would receive $2.1 billion, $329 million more
than requested. The CSBG would be funded at $449 million; no
funds were requested. Overall, the House bill would provide $63.7
billion in discretionary funds for HHS; $61.8 billion was requested;
and $66.7 billion was provided for FY2006.
^!For ED, the House bill would fund ESEA programs in aggregate at
$22.8 billion, $1.6 billion less than requested. Of the President’s
five major education initiatives requested in the budget, only the
School Improvement Grants would receive funding, at $200 million,
the same as requested. Teacher Quality State Grants would receive
$2.6 billion, $300 million less than requested. Safe and Drug-Free
Schools State Grants would receive $310 million; no funds were
requested. Perkins Vocational Education would receive $1.3 billion;
no funds were requested. Pell Grants would receive $13.0 billion,
$349 million more than requested. No portion of the Perkins Loan
Assets would be recalled; the President proposed a $664 million
recall. TRIO programs would receive $828 million, $448 million
more than requested. GEAR UP would receive $303 million; no
funds were requested. Overall, the House bill would provide $56.1
billion in discretionary funds for ED; $54.3 billion was requested;
and $57.6 billion was provided for FY2006.

^!For the related agencies, the House bill would provide $6.3 billion
for SSA Administrative Expenses, $141 million less than requested.
Overall, the House bill would provide $11.0 billion in discretionary
funds for the related agencies; $11.2 billion was requested; and
$11.4 billion was provided for FY2006.
Senate Bill
The Senate Committee on Appropriations reported its version of the FY2007
L-HHS-ED appropriations as S. 3708 (S.Rept. 109-287) by a vote of 28 to 0 on July
20, 2006. Consideration of the bill by the full Senate has not yet begun. Unlike the
House bill, the Senate version does not amend minimum wage provisions. The
White House has not issued a Statement of Administration Policy regarding the bill.
Senate Highlights. Overall, the Senate bill, as reported, would provide
FY2007 discretionary appropriations of $142.9 billion for L-HHS-ED programs. The
House bill, as reported, would provide $142.4 billion; the President requested $138.3
billion. The comparable FY2006 amount was $147.3 billion. The Senate bill differs
from the House proposal in a number of ways.
^!For DOL, the Senate bill would fund Unemployment Compensation
at a level $103 million less than the House amount. The bill does
not include the House provision for a $325 million rescission of
funds for WIA and related programs. Overall, the Senate bill would
provide $11.6 billion in discretionary appropriations for DOL
programs, $0.1 billion more than the House and $0.6 billion more
than the request, but $0.1 billion less than DOL funding in FY2006.
^!For HHS, the Senate bill would provide $100 million less than the
House bill for CHGME, $116 million less for Infectious Diseases at
the CDC, $301 million more for NIH, and $181 million more for the
CSBG. Overall, the Senate bill would provide $64.2 billion in
discretionary appropriations for HHS programs, $0.5 billion more
than the House, $2.4 billion more than the request, but $2.5 billion
less than HHS funding in FY2006.
^!For ED, the Senate bill would provide $116 million more for ESEA
programs in aggregate, $100 million less for the School
Improvement Grants Initiative, $160 million more for Teacher
Quality State Grants, $150 million less for IDEA Part B Grants to
States, and $402 million less for Pell Grants. The Pell Grant
maximum award would not be increased; the House bill proposed a
$100 increase to $4,150 for FY2007. Educational Technology State
Grants would be funded at $272 million; no funds would be
provided by the House bill. The Innovative Education Block Grant
would receive no funds; the House bill would provide $150 million.
Overall, the Senate bill would provide $55.8 billion in discretionary
appropriations for ED programs, $0.3 billion less than the House,
$1.5 billion more than the request, and $1.8 billion less than ED
funding in FY2006.
^!For the related agencies, the Senate bill would provide $400 million
for the CPB for FY2009; no FY2009 funds would be provided by

the House bill. The Senate bill would provide $158 million less than
the House bill for SSA Administrative Expenses. Overall, the
Senate bill would provide $11.3 billion in discretionary
appropriations for related agencies, $0.3 billion more than the
House, $0.1 billion more than the request, and $0.1 billion less than
funding for the related agencies of L-HHS-ED in FY2006.
Public Law
P.L. 110-5 (H.J.Res. 20), the Revised Continuing Appropriations Resolution,
2007, provides FY2007 appropriations for most L-HHS-ED activities. However, it
does not specify the actual amount for most programs, projects, and activities.
Rather, within limits, it allows agencies flexibility to make some adjustments to the
FY2006 funding levels, and also provides additional funds to pay for 50% of the
mandatory salary increases for FY2007 (§111). The Office of Management and
Budget (OMB) must report to the appropriations committees within 15 days of
enactment regarding the FY2007 amount for each appropriation account (§114);
major agencies must report to the appropriations committees within 30 days of
enactment regarding the FY2007 amounts at the subaccount level (§113).
Prior to the enactment of P.L. 110-5, a series of three continuing resolutions,
beginning with P.L. 109-289, was necessary because the regular L-HHS-ED
appropriations were not enacted by the start of FY2007 on October 1, 2006. Under
these resolutions, the funding level for each activity was provided at a rate of
operations not to exceed the “current rate” under FY2006 conditions and authority
[§101(d)]. Only the most limited funding actions were authorized in order to provide
for the continuation of projects and activities (§110). New initiatives were prohibited
(§104). For programs with high spend-out rates that normally would occur early in
the fiscal year, special restrictions prohibited spending levels that would impinge on
final FY2007 funding decisions (§109). For entitlements and other mandatory
activities, obligations were allowed to be made for payments due during the duration
of the resolutions [§114(b)]. The amounts that would have been provided by either
the House-reported or Senate-reported FY2007 L-HHS-ED appropriations —
including recommendations for both program terminations and other funding changes
— were excluded from the funding calculation under the continuing resolution
because the bills were not passed by either the House or the Senate by October 1,
2006. For additional information, please see CRS Report RL30343, Continuing
Appropriations Acts: Brief Overview of Recent Practices, by Sandy Streeter.
^!1^st Continuing Resolution, P.L. 109-289 (H.R. 5631), provided
temporary appropriations for the period October 1, 2006, through
November 17, 2006, as long as regular appropriations were not
enacted sooner (§106 of Division B of P.L. 109-289). H.R. 5631
was passed by the House on September 26 and by the Senate on
September 29, and signed into law by the President on September

29, 2006, as P.L. 109-289.

^!2^nd Continuing Resolution, P.L. 109-369 (H.J.Res. 100), extended
the provisions of P.L. 109-289 through December 8, 2006. H.J.Res.

100 was passed by the House and the Senate on November 15, and

signed into law by the President on November 17, 2006, as P.L.

109-369.

^!3^rd Continuing Resolution, P.L. 109-383 (H.J.Res. 102), extended
the provisions of P.L. 109-289 through February 15, 2007. H.J.Res.
102 was passed by the House on December 8 and the Senate on
December 9, and signed into law by the President on December 9,

2006, as P.L. 109-383.

Major Discretionary Programs, FY2006-FY2007
Table 3 shows the L-HHS-ED discretionary programs with the highest funding
levels in FY2006; nine programs accounted for at least 60% of all L-HHS-ED
discretionary appropriations. Each of the programs shown in Table 3 received more
than $3.0 billion in FY2006, and the aggregate funding for this group was $89.3
billion. As previously shown in Table 2, L-HHS-ED discretionary funding totaled
$147.3 billion in FY2006. For FY2007, under the budget request and the House and
Senate bills, as reported, and despite a significant reduction in FY2007 funds
proposed for Pandemic Influenza Preparedness, these nine programs still account for
at least 60% of the discretionary appropriations for L-HHS-ED programs.
Table 3. Major Discretionary Programs, FY2006-FY2007
(dollars in millions)
^M^a^{jor Program}^FY²⁰⁰⁶^enacted^FY²⁰⁰⁷^request^FY²⁰⁰⁷^Hou^s^e^FY²⁰⁰⁷^Sena^t^e^FY²⁰⁰⁷^conf.
^Nation^a^{l In}^s^titu^tes^of^Health^(NIH)^$28,349^$28,350^$28,250^$28,551
^Pel^l^G^r^an^t^s^13,045^12,660^13,009^12,607
^T^{itle I}^P^a^r^t^A^Ed^u^catioⁿ^f^o^r^th^e^12,713^12,713^12,713^12,713
^Disad^v^an^tag^e^d^,^Gr^an^{ts to}^L^E^A^s
^IDEA^{Special Edu}^cation^,^P^a^{rt B}^10,583^10,683^10,733^10,583
^Gran^ts^{to States}
^H^{ead S}^t^art⁶^,879^6,786^6,789^6,789
^S^S^A^A^d^mⁱⁿⁱ^s^t^ratⁱ^v^{e Ex}^pen^s^es^6,376^6,490^6,349^6,191
^WIA^,^al^l^prog^ram^s^5,242^4,419^4,974^5,091
^C^M^S^Prog^ram^Man^a^g^e^m^eⁿ^t^3,080^3,148^3,154^3,149
^P^aⁿ^d^em^{ic In}^f^l^u^eⁿ^{za P}^r^eparedn^e^s^s^3,082⁷⁹⁷⁹⁷⁹
^Maj^o^{r L}^-^H^H^S^-^E^D^s^u^bt^ot^al^89,349^85,328^86,050^85,753
^O^t^h^e^{r L}^-^H^H^S^-^E^D^di^s^c^retⁱ^oⁿ^a^ry^57,974^53,017^56,321^57,163
^L^-^H^H^S^-^E^D^di^s^c^retⁱ^oⁿ^a^ry^t^o^t^a^l^147,323^138,345^142,371^142,916
^Maj^o^{r prog}^ram^s^as^{a %}^of^t^o^t^a^l^60.6%^61.7%^60.4%^60.0%
^Source:^A^m^ouⁿ^t^s^{are bas}^e^{d on}^th^{e J}^uⁿ^e^{13, 2006, table of}^th^e^Hou^s^e^C^o^m^m^{ittee on}^A^ppropriation^s^,
^ex^cept^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^am^ouⁿ^t^s^{are bas}^e^{d on}^S^.^R^e^pt^{. 109-}^{287. F}^Y^{2006 am}^ouⁿ^t^s^ref^l^ect^t^h^e^1%^cu^t^requⁱ^r^ed
^by^P.L^.^109-^148,^as^w^e^l^l^as^s^o^m^e^F^Y^{2006 s}^u^ppl^em^en^t^a^l^appropri^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s^{. H}^o^w^e^v^e^{r, F}^Y²⁰⁰⁶^dat^a^do
ⁿ^o^{t y}^e^{t r}^e^f^l^{ect th}^{e $}²^.³^b^illⁱ^oⁿ^s^u^p^p^l^e^m^en^{tal ap}^p^r^o^p^r^iatioⁿ^f^o^r^p^aⁿ^d^em^{ic in}^f^l^u^eⁿ^{za an}^d^ad^d^itioⁿ^a^l
^f^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^gⁱⁿ^res^pon^s^e^t^o^t^h^{e 2005 G}^u^l^f^C^o^as^t^h^u^r^ri^can^es^f^r^om^P.L^.^109-^{234, en}^act^{ed Ju}ⁿ^e^{15, 2006.}

“Across-the-Board” Rescission for FY2006
Some of the FY2006 emergency appropriations for hurricane disaster assistance
and avian flu preparedness were offset by an “across-the-board” rescission. Section
3801 of P.L. 109-148 required a 1% cut from most FY2006 discretionary
appropriations for each program, project, or activity. No federal agency was
exempted except for the Department of Veterans Affairs. Emergency FY2006
appropriations were excluded from the rescission, as were advance appropriations for
FY2007 and beyond. The House Committee on Appropriations estimated that this
cut would reduce total federal spending by approximately $8.5 billion.
Congress specified the process for the calculation of these reductions but did not
specify the actual amounts. The application of the reduction to individual accounts
and line items was required to be undertaken by the Office of Management and
Budget (OMB) and the individual agencies. Within 30 days of enactment, OMB was
required to report back to Committees on Appropriations specifying for each account
the amount of reduction resulting from the 1% rescission. Please note that the
FY2006 funding levels stated in P.L. 109-149 (and the related conference report,
H.Rept. 109-337) are pre-reduction amounts, whereas the FY2006 funding levels
stated in the tables of this report are post-reduction amounts as determined by OMB.
302(a) and 302(b) Allocation Ceilings
The maximum budget authority for annual L-HHS-ED appropriations is
determined through a two-stage congressional budget process. In the first stage,
Congress establishes the 302(a) allocations — the maximum spending totals for
Congress for a given fiscal year. This task is sometimes accomplished through the
concurrent resolution on the budget, where spending totals are specified through the
statement of managers in the conference report. In years when the House and Senate
do not reach a budget agreement, these totals may be set through leadership
arrangements in each chamber. The 302(a) allocations determine spending totals for
each of the various committees, as well as the total discretionary budget authority
available for enactment in annual appropriations through the House and Senate
Committees on Appropriations.
Congress has not yet reached agreement on the FY2007 budget resolution — the
House passed H.Con.Res. 378 on May 18, 2006, and the Senate passed S.Con.Res.
83 on March 16, 2006. The House resolution established a 302(a) discretionary
budget allocation of $872.8 billion; the Senate allocation was somewhat higher.
However, §7035 of the Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act for Defense,
the Global War on Terror, and Hurricane Recovery, 2006, P.L. 109-234 (enacted
June 15, 2006), established $872.8 billion as the 302(a) amount for the Senate
Committee on Appropriations, the same as the House amount. For the purpose of
comparison, the 302(a) discretionary allocation for FY2006, established through the
conference agreement on H.Con.Res. 95 (H.Rept. 109-62), was $843.0 billion. For
additional information, please see CRS Report RL33291, Congressional Budget
Actions in 2006, by Bill Heniff Jr.
In the second stage of the annual congressional budget process, the House and
Senate Committees on Appropriations separately establish the 302(b) allocations —

the maximum discretionary budget authority available to each subcommittee for each
annual appropriations bill. The total of these allocations must not exceed the 302(a)
discretionary total. This process creates the basis for enforcing discretionary budget
discipline, since any appropriations bill reported with a total above the ceiling is
subject to a point of order. The 302(b) allocations can and often do get adjusted
during the year as the various appropriations bills progress toward final enactment.
Table 4 shows the 302(b) discretionary allocations for the FY2007 L-HHS-ED
appropriations determined by the House and Senate Committees on Appropriations.
Comparable amounts for the FY2006 appropriations and the President’s FY2007
budget request are also shown. Both the 302(a) and 302(b) allocations regularly
become contested issues in their own right.
Table 4. FY2007 302(b) Discretionary Allocations
(budget authority in billions of dollars)
^FY²⁰⁰⁶^FY²⁰⁰⁷^request^FY²⁰⁰⁷^Hou^s^e^FY²⁰⁰⁷^Sena^t^e^FY²⁰⁰⁷^enacted
^com^p^arab^l^e^com^p^arab^l^e^a^llo^ca^tⁱ^oⁿ^a^llo^ca^tⁱ^oⁿ^com^p^arab^l^e
^$141.2^$137.8^$141.9^$142.8
^Sources^:^T^h^{e F}^Y^{2007 H}^o^u^s^{e a}^l^l^o^c^a^tⁱ^oⁿⁱ^s^bas^e^{d on}^H^.^R^e^pt^{. 109-}^{488, Ju}ⁿ^e^{6, 2006;}^t^h^{e F}^Y²⁰⁰⁷
^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^al^l^o^catⁱ^oⁿⁱ^s^bas^e^{d on}^S^.^R^e^pt^.^109-^350,^S^e^pt^.^26,^2006.^T^h^{e com}^p^arabl^e^am^ouⁿ^t^s^f^o^{r F}^Y²⁰⁰⁶
^bu^dg^et^au^t^h^ori^t^y^an^d^t^h^e^F^Y²⁰⁰⁷^bu^dg^et^requ^es^t^{are bas}^e^{d on}^t^h^{e Ju}ⁿ^e^{13, 2006 t}^a^bl^{e of}^t^h^{e H}^o^u^s^e
^C^o^m^mⁱ^t^t^{ee on}^A^ppropri^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s^.
Advance Appropriations
Advance appropriations occur when funds enacted in one fiscal year are not
available for obligation until a subsequent fiscal year. For example, P.L. 109-149,
which enacted FY2006 L-HHS-ED appropriations, provided $400 million for the
Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB) for use in FY2008. Advance
appropriations may be used to meet several objectives. These might include the
provision of long-term budget information to recipients, such as state and local
educational systems, to enable better planning of future program activities and
personnel levels. The more contentious aspect of advance appropriations, however,
involves how they are counted in budget ceilings.
Advance appropriations avoid the 302(a) and 302(b) allocation ceilings for the
current year, but must be counted in the year in which they first become available for
obligation. This procedure uses up ahead of time part of what will be counted against
the allocation ceiling in future years. In FY2002, the President’s budget proposed the
elimination of advance appropriations for federal discretionary programs, including
those for L-HHS-ED programs. Congress rejected that proposal, and the proposal
has not been repeated. For an example of the impact of advance appropriations on
program administration, see the discussion titled “Forward Funding and Advance
Appropriations,” later in this report.
The FY1999 and FY2000 annual L-HHS-ED appropriations bills provided
significant increases in advance appropriations for discretionary programs.
Following FY2000, advanced appropriations generally have been provided at $19.3

billion, with the exception of $21.5 billion in FY2003. At $19.3 billion, advance
appropriations accounted for 13.7% of the L-HHS-ED current year discretionary total
of $141.2 billion in FY2006. For FY2007, the President requested $18.9 billion in
advance appropriations for L-HHS-ED; the House and Senate bills, as reported,
would each provide $19.3 billion.
From FY1998 to the present, advance appropriations included in L-HHS-ED
bills have been as follows:
^!FY1998, $4.0 billion;
^!FY1999, $8.9 billion;
^!FY2000, $19.0 billion;
^!FY2001, $18.8 billion;
^!FY2002, $19.3 billion;
^!FY2003, $21.5 billion;
^!FY2004, $19.3 billion;
^!FY2005, $19.3 billion;
^!FY2006, $19.3 billion;
^!FY2007, President’s budget request, $18.9 billion;
^!FY2007, House bill, as reported, $19.3 billion; and
^!FY2007, Senate bill, as reported, $19.3 billion.
Major Funding Trends
The L-HHS-ED appropriations bills include both mandatory and discretionary
funds; however, the Appropriations Committees fully control only the discretionary
funds. Mandatory funding levels for programs included in the annual appropriations
bills are modified through changes in the authorizing legislation. Typically, these
changes are accomplished through authorizing committees by means of reconciliation
legislation, and not through appropriations committees in annual appropriations bills.
Table 5 shows the trend in discretionary budget authority enacted in the
L-HHS-ED appropriations for FY2002 through FY2006. During the past five years,
L-HHS-ED discretionary funds have grown from $127.2 billion in FY2002 to an
estimated $147.2 billion in FY2006, an increase of $20.0 billion, or 15.7%. During
this same period — and using the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) deflator to adjust
for inflation — L-HHS-ED discretionary funds in estimated FY2006 dollars have
grown from $139.9 billion in FY2002 to $147.2 billion in FY2006, an increase of
$7.3 billion in estimated FY2006 dollars, or 5.2%. L-HHS-ED discretionary funds
as a percent of total federal discretionary funds decreased from a 17.3% share in
FY2002 to an estimated 14.9% share in FY2006. L-HHS-ED discretionary funds as
a percent of total federal budget authority decreased slightly from a 6.1% share in
FY2002 to an estimated 5.3% share in FY2006.

Table 5. Discretionary Funding Trends, FY2002-FY2006
⁽^b^u^d^g^e^{t au}^th^o^r^ityⁱⁿ^b^illioⁿ^s^o^f^d^o^llar^s⁾
^FY²⁰⁰⁶
^T^y^{pe of funds}^FY²⁰⁰²^FY2003^FY2004^FY2005^es^tim^a^te
^(a)
^L^-^H^H^S^-^E^D^di^s^c^retⁱ^oⁿ^a^ry^$127.2^$132.4^$139.7^$143.4^$147.2
^L^-^HHS-^E^{D d}ⁱ^scretioⁿ^a^ryⁱⁿ^$139.9^$142.8^$147.2^$147.0^$147.2
^es^tⁱ^m^at^{ed F}^Y^{2006 dol}^l^a^rs
^L^-^HHS-^E^{D % o}^f^to^{tal f}^e^d^e^r^a^l^17.3%^15.6%^15.4%^14.6%^14.9%
^dⁱ^sc^r^e^tⁱ^o^na^r^y^fund^{s (}^b⁾
^L^-^HHS-^E^{D % o}^f^to^{tal f}^e^d^e^r^a^l
^bu^dg^et^au^t^h^ori^t^y^(bot^h^6.1%^5.8%^5.8%^5.6%^5.3%
^dⁱ^sc^r^e^tⁱ^o^na^r^y^aⁿ^d^no^n-
^di^s^c^retⁱ^oⁿ^a^ry⁾
^T^o^{tal f}^e^d^e^r^a^{l d}ⁱ^scr^e^tioⁿ^a^r^y^$734.8^$849.5^$907.6^$984.9^$989.8
^fund^s
^T^o^{tal f}^e^d^e^r^a^{l b}^u^d^g^{et au}^th^o^r^ity
⁽^b^o^t^{h d}ⁱ^sc^r^e^tⁱ^o^na^r^y^aⁿ^d^no^n-^$2,090.3^$2,266.3^$2,408.³^$2,582.9^$2,757.8
^di^s^c^retⁱ^oⁿ^a^ry⁾
^G^D^P^def^l^at^or^1.0432^1.0638^1.0893^1.1193^1.147.5
^Sources^:^F^e^deral^t^o^t^a^l^s^an^{d t}^h^{e G}^D^P^def^l^at^{or are bas}^e^{d on}^t^h^{e Bu}^dg^et^of^t^h^{e U}ⁿⁱ^t^e^{d S}^t^at^es
^G^o^v^e^rn^m^eⁿ^t^{, H}ⁱ^s^t^ori^cal^T^a^bl^es^{, F}ⁱ^s^cal^Y^{ear 2007, T}^a^bl^es^{5.2, 5.4, an}^{d 10.1. L}^-^H^H^S^-^E^D^t^o^t^a^l^s^f^o^r
^dⁱ^sc^r^e^tⁱ^o^na^r^y^b^u^d^g^e^t^a^u^t^h^o^rⁱ^t^y^a^r^e^b^a^se^d^oⁿ^a^nnua^l^c^o^nfe^r^eⁿ^c^e^r^e^p^o^r^t^s^fo^r^L-H^H^S^-E^D^a^p^p^r^o^p^rⁱ^a^tⁱ^o^ns,
^an^{d th}^eref^{ore m}^a^yⁿ^o^{t be com}^p^letely^com^p^{arable f}^r^om^y^{ear to y}^ear.
^{a. F}^Y^{2006 es}^tⁱ^m^at^es^f^o^r^f^e^deral^bu^dg^et^au^t^h^ori^t^y^,^bot^h^t^o^t^a^l^an^{d di}^s^c^retⁱ^oⁿ^a^ry^{, are bas}^e^{d on}^am^ouⁿ^t^s
^pu^blⁱ^s^h^e^{d i}ⁿ^t^h^{e F}^Y^{2007 bu}^dg^et^requ^es^t^of^F^e^{b. 6,}^2006.^Es^tⁱ^m^at^es^ex^cl^u^d^e^s^u^ppl^em^en^t^a^l^s^an^d
^res^c^is^sⁱ^on^s^en^{acted af}^{ter th}^{at date, as}^w^e^{ll as}^re-^e^s^tim^ates^an^{d s}^c^orek^eepin^g^adj^u^s^t^m^eⁿ^t^s^.
^b^.^Discr^e^tioⁿ^a^r^y^f^uⁿ^d^{s in}^clu^d^{e b}^o^t^h^d^e^f^eⁿ^s^{e an}^dⁿ^oⁿ^-^d^e^f^eⁿ^s^{e activ}^ities.
Earmarks for Specific Projects
Earmarking of funds for specific projects in appropriations bills has become a
topic of contention for Congress and the Administration, and the issue extends to
L-HHS-ED projects. In the case of L-HHS-ED appropriations, earmarks may be
defined as funds set aside within an account for a specific organization or location,
either in the appropriation act or its conference report. Typically, the authorizing
statute gives the general purpose for use of appropriations, such as “projects for the
improvement of postsecondary education,” but an earmark designates a specific
amount for a specific recipient. Such designations bypass the usual competitive
distribution of awards by a federal agency, but otherwise require recipients to follow
standard federal financial and other administrative procedures. The President has
urged the elimination of congressional earmarks in appropriations in recent years,
but, with the possible exception of FY2006 L-HHS-ED appropriations, Congress
generally has continued the practice.
Earmarks in L-HHS-ED appropriations generally have increased during the past
decade, along with the total appropriation for L-HHS-ED programs. However, a
major change in direction occurred in FY2006. Virtually all earmarks were
eliminated from the FY2006 L-HHS-ED bill; in general, funding previously

associated with L-HHS-ED earmarks was eliminated as well. In particular, there
were estimated to be more than 3,000 in FY2005, totaling nearly $1.2 billion; for
FY2006, the estimate was eight earmarks for $28.5 million. Table 6 shows the total
annual L-HHS-ED appropriation, the estimated amount earmarked, the earmarked
amount as a percent of the total, and the estimated number of earmarks.
Table 6. Estimated Earmarks, Selected Years, FY1996-FY2006
($ in millions)
^Estⁱ^m^a^t^e^d^E^a^rm^ark^s^as^%^Estⁱ^m^a^t^e^d
^Fi^s^c^al^year^To^t^a^l^ap^p^r^op^ri^ati^oⁿ^val^u^e^of^{of total}^num^{ber o}^f
^earm^ark^s^ap^p^r^op^ri^ati^oⁿ^earm^ark^s
²⁰⁰⁶^$601,643^$28.5⁽^a)⁸
²⁰⁰⁵^501,346^1,179.5⁰^.24%^3,014
²⁰⁰⁴^479,818^875.5⁰^.18%^2,036
²⁰⁰²^411,822^1,018.7⁰^.25%^1,606
²⁰⁰⁰^328,230^461.0⁰^.14%⁴⁹¹
¹⁹⁹⁸^276,890^54.4⁰^.02%²⁵
¹⁹⁹⁶^265,533^14.9⁰^.01%⁷
^Sources^:^T^h^e^a^nnua^{l L}^-^HHS-E^{D b}^{ills a}ⁿ^d^c^o^nfe^r^eⁿ^c^e^r^e^p^o^r^{ts up}^oⁿ^w^h^ic^{h the}^a^b^o^v^e^num^b^e^r^s^a^r^e
^bas^e^{d w}^e^{re as}^f^o^l^l^o^w^s^:^f^o^{r F}^Y^{2006, P.L}^.¹⁰⁹^-^{149 (H}^.R^e^p^t^.^109-^337);^f^o^{r F}^Y^{2005, P.L}^.^108-⁴⁴⁷
^(H^.R^ept^.^108-^792);^f^o^{r F}^Y^{2004, P.L}^.^108-^{199 (H}^.R^ept^.^108-^401);^f^o^r^F^Y^2002,^P.L^.^107-^{116 (H}^.R^ept^.
^107-^342);^f^o^{r F}^Y^{2000, P.L}^.^106-^{113 (H}^.R^ept^.^106-^479);^f^o^{r F}^Y^{1998, P.L}^.^105-^{78 (H}^.R^ept^.^105-^390);
^an^{d f}^o^{r F}^Y^{1996, P.L}^.^104-^{134 (H}^.R^ept^.^104-^537).
^{a. T}^h^{e F}^Y^{2006 percen}^t^a^g^e^of^t^h^{e t}^o^t^a^l^appropri^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^w^a^s^l^e^s^s^t^h^an^0.005%^.

Department of Labor
FY2006 discretionary appropriations for the Department of Labor (DOL) were
$11.7 billion. For FY2007, the budget request was $11.0 billion, $0.7 billion (6.0%)
less than the FY2006 amount, as shown in Table 7. As reported, the House bill
would provide $11.5 billion, and, as reported, the Senate bill would provide $11.6
billion.
Table 7. Department of Labor Discretionary Appropriations
($ in billions)
^F^unding^FY²⁰⁰⁶^enacted^FY²⁰⁰⁷^request^FY²⁰⁰⁷^Hou^s^e^FY²⁰⁰⁷^Sena^t^e^FY²⁰⁰⁷^fiⁿ^a^l
^A^ppropri^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s^$11.7^$11.0^$11.5^$11.6
^Source:^A^m^ouⁿ^t^s^{are bas}^e^{d on}^th^{e J}^uⁿ^e^{13, 2006, table}^of^th^{e Hou}^s^{e C}^o^m^m^{ittee on}^A^ppropriation^s^,
^ex^cept^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^am^ouⁿ^t^s^are^bas^e^d^on^S^.^R^e^pt^.^109-^287.^F^Y²⁰⁰⁶^am^ouⁿ^t^s^ref^l^ect^t^h^{e 1%}^cu^t^requⁱ^r^ed
^by^P.L^.^109-^148;^h^o^w^e^v^e^{r, t}^h^ey^{do n}^o^t^y^e^tⁱⁿ^cl^u^d^{e al}^l^F^Y^{2006 s}^u^ppl^em^en^t^a^l^appropri^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s^{. A}^m^ouⁿ^t^s
^r^e^p^r^e^s^eⁿ^t^dⁱ^sc^r^e^tⁱ^o^na^r^y^p^r^o^g^r^a^m^s^fund^e^d^b^y^L-H^H^S^-^E^D^appropri^a^tⁱ^ons;^fund^{s fo}^r^m^a^nd^a^t^o^r^y^p^r^o^g^r^a^m^s
^{are ex}^clu^d^ed.
Mandatory DOL programs included in the L-HHS-ED bill were funded at $3.1
billion in FY2006, and consist of the Black Lung Disability Trust Fund ($1.1 billion),
Federal Unemployment Benefits and Allowances ($966 million), Advances to the
Unemployment Insurance and Other Trust Funds ($465 million), Special Benefits for
Disabled Coal Miners ($306 million), Employment Standards Administration (ESA)
Special Benefits ($237 million), and Energy Employees Occupational Illness
Compensation Fund ($96 million).
Key Issues
President’s Request. The President’s FY2007 budget request for DOL
proposed changes in funding for a number of activities. Proposed discretionary
changes of at least $100 million compared to FY2006 appropriations were as follows.
The FY2006 amounts include $125 million of supplemental funding provided by P.L.
109-148 for National Reserve activities of the Workforce Investment Act of 1998
(WIA), to remain available for obligation through June 30, 2006.
^!WIA programs, funded in the aggregate at $5.2 billion in FY2006,
would be decreased by $822 million under the President’s FY2007
budget request.
^!WIA Adult Training, funded at $864 million in FY2006, would be
reduced by $152 million.
^!WIA Youth Training, funded at $940 million in FY2006, would be
reduced by $100 million.
^!The WIA Dislocated Worker Assistance programs, funded at $1.6
billion in FY2006, would be decreased by $483 million in FY2007,
including a decrease of $315 million for state grants.
^!Unemployment Compensation, funded at $2.5 billion in FY2006,
would be increased by $142 million.

House Bill. For DOL programs, the House bill, as reported, differs by at least
$100 million from the President’s budget request for some of the WIA programs, as
follows.
^!WIA programs in aggregate would be provided $5.0 billion under
the House bill, $555 million more than requested; $5.2 billion was
provided in FY2006.
^!WIA Adult Training would receive $854 million, $142 million more
than requested; $864 million was provided in FY2006.
^!WIA Dislocated Worker Assistance would receive $1.5 billion, $362
million more than requested; $1.6 billion was provided in FY2006.
Dislocated Worker Assistance State Grants would receive $1.2
billion, $318 million more than requested; $1.2 billion was provided
in FY2006.
^!A rescission of $325 million of prior-year appropriations for WIA
and other programs under the Training and Employment Services
(TES) account would be made during FY2007 under the House bill,
as reported; no request was made for a rescission.
During consideration of the FY2007 L-HHS-ED bill by the House Committee on
Appropriations, an amendment by Representative Steny Hoyer was offered and
approved to increase in steps the minimum wage from the current amount of $5.15
per hour to $7.25 per hour by January 1, 2009. The amendment may be subject to a
point of order when the bill is considered on the House floor. The Employment
Standards Administration (ESA) of DOL enforces the minimum wage provision.
Senate Bill. As reported, the Senate bill differs from the House bill by at least
$100 million for several DOL programs.
^!No rescission of prior-year appropriations for WIA or other TES
activities would be made under the Senate bill; the House bill would
have rescinded $325 million of such funds. No request was made
for such a rescission, and no equivalent rescission was made in
FY2006.
^!Unemployment Compensation would be funded at $2.55 billion,
$103 million less than the House amount of $2.65 billion; the
request was $2.65 billion; and $2.51 billion was provided in
FY2006.
The Senate bill, as reported, would not modify current minimum wage provisions.
CRS Products
CRS Report RL33401, The Fair Labor Standards Act: Minimum Wage in the 109th
Congress, by William G. Whittaker.
CRS Report RL33362, Unemployment Insurance: Available Unemployment Benefits
and Legislative Activity, by Julie M. Whittaker.
CRS Report RL33687, The Workforce Investment Act (WIA): Program-by-Program
Overview and FY2007 Funding of Title I Training Programs, by Blake Alan
Naughton and Ann Lordeman.

Websites
Department of Labor
[ http://www.dol.gov]
[ http://www.dol.gov/_sec/Budget2007/overview.htm]
[ h ttp://www.doleta.gov/budget/07bud.cfm]
Detailed Appropriations Table
Table 8 shows the appropriations details for offices and major programs of
DOL.

Table 8. Detailed Department of Labor Appropriations
($ in millions)
^Offi^{ce or m}^a^{jor p}^r^ogram^FY²⁰⁰⁶^enacted^FY²⁰⁰⁷^request^FY²⁰⁰⁷^Hou^s^e^FY²⁰⁰⁷^Sena^t^e^FY²⁰⁰⁷^fiⁿ^a^l
^To^ta^{l W}^o^rkfo^{rce I}ⁿ^vestmen^{t Act,}^$5,242^$4,419^$4,974^$5,091
^{Title I (}^W^IA)⁽^non-add)
^Em^pl^oym^e^nt^{and T}^r^aiⁿⁱ^{ng Adm}ⁱⁿⁱ^s^t^r^a^tⁱ^{on (}^E^T^A⁾
^T^r^aⁱⁿⁱ^{ng a}ⁿ^d^E^m^p^l^o^y^m^e^nt^Se^r^vⁱ^c^e^s
⁽^T^E^S⁾^,^W^I^A^A^d^ul^t^T^r^aⁱⁿⁱ^{ng G}^r^aⁿ^t^s⁸⁶⁴⁷¹²⁸⁵⁴⁸⁰⁰
^{to States}
^WIA^Y^o^u^t^h^T^r^aiⁿⁱⁿ^g⁹⁴⁰⁸⁴⁰⁹³⁶⁹³⁶
^W^I^A^Dis^l^{ocated W}^o^rk^{er A}^s^sⁱ^s^t^an^ce^1,597^1,114^1,476^1,476
^(DWA⁾
^D^W^{A St}^at^{e G}^r^ant^s⁽^non-add)^1,190⁸⁷⁵^1,193^1,193
^D^W^{A N}^a^tⁱ^onal^Res^e^r^{ve C}^o^m^m^uni^t^y¹²⁵⁰¹²⁵¹²⁵
^C^o^l^l^e^{ge s}^e^t^asⁱ^d^{e (}^non-add)⁽^a⁾
^D^W^{A N}^a^tⁱ^onal^Res^e^r^{ve, ot}^her⁽^non-²⁸²²³⁹¹⁵⁸¹⁵⁸
^add)⁽^a^{, b)}
^W^I^A^Mig^r^an^{t an}^{d Seas}^on^al⁷⁹⁰⁸⁰⁸⁰
^F^a^rm^w^o^rk^ers
^WIA^{Job C}^o^rps¹^,593^1,502^1,523^1,630
^W^I^A^Co^m^m^uⁿ^ity^Co^lleg^e
⁽^C^o^m^m^uni^t^y^-B^a^s^e^d^J^o^b^T^r^aⁱⁿⁱ^ng)⁰¹⁵⁰⁰⁰
^(a)
^W^I^{A Co}^mmuⁿ^{ity Co}^lleg^e^{, in}^dⁱ^rect
^f^undi^{ng f}^r^om^D^W^{A N}^a^tⁱ^onal¹²⁵⁰¹²⁵¹²⁵
^Res^e^r^{ve (}^s^{ee above, non-add)}⁽^a⁾
^W^I^{A C}^o^m^m^uni^t^y^C^o^l^l^e^{ge, pr}^ogr^am¹²⁵¹⁵⁰¹²⁵¹²⁵
^{level (}^non-add)⁽^a⁾
^T^E^{S r}^e^s^cⁱ^s^sⁱ^{on f}^r^om^prⁱ^o^r^-^year⁰⁰^-325⁰
^appr^oprⁱ^a^tⁱ^ons⁽^non-add)
^Oth^e^r^W^I^A^an^d^T^E^{S A}^c^tiv^ities¹⁶⁹⁹⁴⁹⁸¹⁶⁸
^T^E^S^s^u^bt^ot^al^5,242^4,412^4,967^5,090
^Co^m^m^uⁿ^ity^Ser^v^{ice Em}^p^l^o^y^m^eⁿ^t⁴³²⁴³²⁴²⁰⁴³²
^f^o^{r Older A}^m^erican^s
^F^e^deral^Uⁿ^em^pl^oy^m^eⁿ^t^Ben^e^fⁱ^t^s⁹⁶⁶⁹³⁹⁹³⁹⁹³⁹
^an^{d A}^llow^aⁿ^ces^(m^an^datory⁾
^{State Un}^em^ploy^m^eⁿ^t^In^s^u^ran^{ce an}^d
^Em^ploy^m^eⁿ^t^Serv^{ice Operation}^s^2,508^2,650^2,650^2,547
^(S^UI/^E^S^O^{) Un}^em^pl^oy^m^eⁿ^t
^Co^m^p^en^satioⁿ
^S^U^I/^ES^O^Em^pl^oy^m^eⁿ^t^S^e^rvⁱ^c^e⁷⁴⁹⁷²²⁷²²⁷²²
^SU^I/^ESO^Em^pl^oym^e^nt^Ser^vⁱ^{ce St}^at^e⁷¹⁶⁶⁸⁹⁶⁸⁹⁶⁸⁹
^G^r^ant^s⁽^non-add)
^{SUI/ESO On}^e-^{Stop C}^a^{reer C}^eⁿ^t^ers⁸²⁶⁴⁴⁰⁶³
^{SUI/ESO W}^o^rk^In^cen^tiv^es^Gran^ts²⁰⁰⁰²⁰
^S^U^I/^ES^O^s^u^bt^ot^al^3,359^3,436^3,412^3,352
^A^d^va^nc^e^s^t^o^Uⁿ^e^m^p^l^o^y^m^e^nt^T^r^ust⁴⁶⁵⁴⁵²⁴⁵²⁴⁵²
^Fund^aⁿ^d^o^t^he^r^fund^{s (}^m^aⁿ^d^a^t^o^r^y⁾
^New^Yo^rk^{State Un}ⁱⁿ^su^red⁵⁰⁰⁰⁰

^Em^pl^oy^ers^F^uⁿ^d

^Offi^{ce or m}^a^{jor p}^r^ogram^FY²⁰⁰⁶^enacted^FY²⁰⁰⁷^request^FY²⁰⁰⁷^Hou^s^e^FY²⁰⁰⁷^Sena^t^e^FY²⁰⁰⁷^fiⁿ^a^l
^ET^A^Prog^ram^A^d^mⁱⁿⁱ^s^t^ratⁱ^oⁿ¹⁶⁹²¹²²¹²¹⁸⁵
^ET^A^s^u^bt^ot^al^10,683^9,883^10,402^10,450
^Em^ploy^{ee B}^eⁿ^e^f^its^Secu^rity¹³⁴¹⁴⁴¹⁴⁴¹⁴⁴
^A^d^mⁱⁿⁱ^str^a^tioⁿ
^P^eⁿ^s^ioⁿ^B^eⁿ^e^f^{it Gu}^ar^an^ty⁰⁰⁰⁰
^Co^r^p^o^r^atioⁿ⁽^P^B^G^C)^A^d^mⁱⁿⁱ^str^a^tioⁿ
^PBGC^pr^ogr^{am level (}^non-add)²⁹⁷³⁹⁸³⁹⁸³⁹⁸
^Em^pl^oym^e^nt^St^andar^ds^Admⁱⁿⁱ^s^t^r^a^tⁱ^{on (}^E^SA)
^ES^A^S^a^l^a^ri^es^an^{d Ex}^pen^s^es⁴¹¹⁴³⁷⁴¹⁸⁴³⁵
^ES^A^S^p^eci^al^Ben^e^fⁱ^t^s^(m^an^dat^o^ry⁾²³⁷²³⁰²³⁰²³⁰
^ESA^{Special B}^eⁿ^e^f^its^f^o^{r Dis}^a^bled³⁰⁶²⁹⁷²⁹⁷²⁹⁷
^C^o^{al Min}^e^rs^(m^an^datory⁾
^ES^A^En^erg^y^Em^ploy^ees
^Occu^p^a^tioⁿ^a^{l I}^lln^{ess Co}^m^p^en^satioⁿ⁹⁶¹⁰²¹⁰²¹⁰²
^F^uⁿ^d^(m^an^dat^o^ry⁾
^E^S^A^B^l^a^c^k^L^{ung Disa}^b^ility^T^r^ust^1,068^1,071^1,071^1,071
^F^uⁿ^d^(m^an^dat^o^ry⁾
^ES^A^s^u^bt^ot^al^2,118^2,137^2,118^2,135
^Occu^p^a^tioⁿ^a^{l Saf}^e^ty^an^d^Health⁴⁷²⁴⁸⁴⁴⁸⁶⁴⁹¹
^A^d^mⁱⁿⁱ^st^r^a^tⁱ^o^{n (}^O^SH^A⁾
^Min^e^Saf^e^ty^an^d^Health²⁷⁸²⁸⁸²⁷⁹³⁰²
^A^d^mⁱⁿⁱ^st^r^a^tⁱ^o^{n (}^M^SH^A⁾
^Bu^reau^of^L^a^{bor S}^t^atⁱ^s^tⁱ^c^s⁵³⁷⁵⁶³⁵⁶⁵⁵⁶³
^Of^fⁱ^{ce o}^f^Disab^ility^Em^p^l^o^y^m^eⁿ^t²⁸²⁰²⁰²⁸
^P^o^licy
^D^e^p^a^r^t^m^e^nt^a^l^M^a^na^ge^m^e^nt
^Iⁿ^terⁿ^atioⁿ^a^{l L}^a^b^o^r^A^f^f^a^ir^s⁷³¹²¹²⁷³
^V^e^t^e^ran^s^Em^pl^oy^m^eⁿ^t^an^{d T}^r^aiⁿⁱⁿ^g²²²²²⁵²²⁴²²⁵
^D^e^part^m^eⁿ^t^al^Man^a^g^e^m^eⁿ^t^{, ot}^h^e^r²⁹⁶³⁰⁴²⁹⁹²⁹⁷
^D^e^part^m^eⁿ^t^al^Man^a^g^e^m^eⁿ^t^s^u^bt^ot^al⁵⁹¹⁵⁴¹⁵³⁵⁵⁹⁵
^W^o^r^kⁱⁿ^g^Cap^{ital Fu}ⁿ^d⁶¹⁴⁰⁰
^T^O^T^A^L^S^{, DE}^PART^M^E^NT^{OF L}^A^B^O^R
^T^o^t^a^l^appropri^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s^(c)^14,848^14,074^14,549^14,707
^C^u^rren^t^y^{ear f}^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^12,311^11,543^12,068^12,176
^Oⁿ^e-^y^{ear adv}^aⁿ^{ce f}^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g²^,537^2,531^2,481^2,531
^Source:^A^m^ouⁿ^t^s^{are bas}^e^{d on}^th^{e J}^uⁿ^e^{13, 2006, table of}^th^{e Hou}^s^{e C}^o^m^m^{ittee on}^A^ppropriation^s^,
^ex^cept^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^am^ouⁿ^t^s^are^bas^e^d^on^S^.^R^e^pt^.^109-^287.^F^Y^{2006 am}^ouⁿ^t^s^ref^l^ect^t^h^{e 1%}^cu^t^requⁱ^r^ed
^by^P.L^.^109-^148;^h^o^w^e^v^e^{r, t}^h^ey^{do n}^o^t^y^e^tⁱⁿ^cl^u^d^{e al}^l^F^Y^{2006 as}^s^u^ppl^em^en^t^a^l^appropri^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s^.
^a^.^Fundⁱ^{ng fo}^r^t^h^e^W^I^A^Co^m^m^uni^t^y^Co^l^l^e^ge⁽^C^o^m^m^uni^t^y^-B^a^s^e^d^J^o^b^T^r^aⁱⁿⁱ^ng)ⁱ^s^p^r^o^vⁱ^d^e^d^t^h^r^o^ugh
^t^w^o^lⁱⁿ^eⁱ^t^e^m^s^:⁽¹⁾^dⁱ^r^e^c^t^l^y^t^h^r^o^{ugh t}^h^e^W^I^A^Co^m^m^uni^t^y^Co^l^l^e^ge^lⁱⁿ^eⁱ^t^e^m^;^aⁿ^d⁽²⁾ⁱⁿ^dⁱ^r^e^c^t^l^y
^t^h^r^o^{ugh t}^h^e^W^I^A^Dⁱ^sl^o^c^a^t^e^d^W^o^r^k^e^r^A^ssi^st^aⁿ^c^e^N^a^tⁱ^o^na^l^Re^se^r^v^e^.^T^h^e^“p^r^o^gr^a^m^l^e^ve^l^”
^am^o^uⁿ^t^{s in}^th^{is tab}^l^{e co}^m^bⁱⁿ^{e th}^{e tw}^o^so^u^r^{ces to}^sh^o^w^th^{e to}^{tal av}^ailab^l^{e f}^o^r^th^{e p}^r^o^g^r^a^m^.
^{b. T}^h^{e FY2006 am}^ouⁿ^tⁱⁿ^clu^d^es^{$125 m}^illion^of^s^u^pplem^en^{tal f}^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^prov^{ided by}^P^.^L^.^109-^{148, to}
^rem^aⁱⁿ^av^{ailable thr}^o^ugh^J^uⁿ^e^{30, 2006; h}^o^w^e^v^e^{r, th}^es^{e addition}^a^{l f}^uⁿ^d^s^{are categ}^{orized by}
^D^O^L^as^{a part}^ofⁱ^t^s^F^Y^{2005 appropri}^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^.
^c.^A^p^p^r^o^p^r^iatioⁿ^s^to^talsⁱⁿ^clu^d^{e d}ⁱ^scr^e^tioⁿ^a^r^y^an^d^m^aⁿ^d^ato^r^y^f^uⁿ^d^{s, an}^d^m^a^y^b^e^su^b^j^ect^to^ad^d^itioⁿ^a^l
^s^c^orek^eepin^g^an^{d oth}^e^{r adj}^u^s^t^m^eⁿ^t^s^.

Department of Health and Human Services
FY2006 discretionary appropriations for the Department of Health and Human
Services (HHS) were $66.7 billion. For FY2007, the budget request was $61.8
billion, $4.9 billion (7.3%) less than the FY2006 amount, as shown in Table 9. As
reported, the House bill would provide $63.7 billion, and, as reported, the Senate bill
would provide $64.2 billion.
Table 9. Department of Health and Human Services
Discretionary Appropriations
($ in billions)
^F^unding^FY²⁰⁰⁶^enacted^FY²⁰⁰⁷^request^FY²⁰⁰⁷^Hou^s^e^FY²⁰⁰⁷^Sena^t^e^FY²⁰⁰⁷^fiⁿ^a^l
^A^ppropri^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s^$66.7^$61.8^$63.7^$64.2
^Source:^A^m^ouⁿ^t^s^{are bas}^e^{d on}^th^e^J^uⁿ^e^{13, 2006, table of}^th^{e Hou}^s^{e C}^o^m^m^{ittee on}^A^ppropriation^s^,
^ex^cept^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^am^ouⁿ^t^s^{are bas}^e^{d on}^S^.^R^e^pt^.^109-^287.^F^Y²⁰⁰⁶^am^ouⁿ^t^s^ref^l^ect^t^h^{e 1%}^cu^t^requⁱ^r^ed
^by^P.L^.^109-^148;^h^o^w^e^v^e^{r, t}^h^ey^{do n}^o^t^y^e^tⁱⁿ^cl^u^d^{e al}^l^F^Y^{2006 s}^u^ppl^em^en^t^a^l^appropri^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s^.
^Specifⁱ^cally^{, FY2006 data do n}^o^t^y^e^{t ref}^l^{ect th}^{e $2.3 billion}^s^u^pplem^en^{tal appropriation}^f^o^{r pan}^d^em^ic
ⁱⁿ^fl^ue^nz^{a f}^r^om^P.L^.^109-^{234, en}^act^{ed Ju}ⁿ^e^{15, 2006. A}^m^ouⁿ^t^s^repres^en^t^di^s^c^retⁱ^oⁿ^a^ry^prog^ram^s
^f^uⁿ^d^{ed by}^L^-^HHS-^E^{D appropriation}^s^;^f^uⁿ^d^s^f^o^r^m^aⁿ^d^atory^prog^ram^s^{are ex}^clu^d^{ed, as}^{are f}^uⁿ^d^s^f^o^r
^t^h^e^F^ood^aⁿ^d^D^r^u^g^A^d^mⁱⁿⁱ^s^t^r^a^tⁱ^oⁿ⁽^F^D^A⁾^aⁿ^d^t^h^e^Iⁿ^dⁱ^aⁿ^H^e^a^l^t^h^S^e^r^vⁱ^c^e⁽^I^H^S⁾^,^b^o^t^h^o^f^w^hⁱ^c^h^a^r^e
^a^d^mⁱ^niste^r^e^d^b^y^{HHS b}^u^{t fund}^e^d^thr^o^{ugh o}^t^he^r^a^p^p^r^o^p^r^ia^tio^{ns b}^ills.
Mandatory HHS programs included in the L-HHS-ED bill were funded at
$411.6 billion in FY2006, and consist primarily of Medicaid Grants to States ($219.7
billion), Payments to Medicare Trust Funds ($178.6 billion, including both Part B
Supplementary Medical Insurance and Part D Prescription Drugs), Foster Care and
Adoption ($6.7 billion), Family Support Payments to States ($4.1 billion), and the
Social Services Block Grant ($1.7 billion).
Key Issues
President’s Request. The President’s FY2007 budget request for HHS
proposed increased support for community health centers and a fraud control
initiative for the administration of Medicare and Medicaid. At the same time, it
proposed funding reductions for health resources and services overall, disease control
and prevention, substance abuse and prevention, programs for children and families,
and services for the aging. Requests for major changes are indicated below.
Discretionary spending changes of at least $100 million were requested in the
President’s FY2007 budget request for several HHS programs, as follows.
^!Community Health Centers, funded at $1.8 billion in FY2006,
would be increased by $181 million under the President’s budget
request.
^!Health Professions programs other than those for nursing, funded at
$145 million in FY2006, would be decreased by $136 million.

^!Children’s Hospital Graduate Medical Education (CHGME), funded
at $297 million in FY2006, would be reduced by $198 million.
^!Buildings and Facilities at the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC), funded at $158 million in FY2006, would be
reduced by $128 million.
^!A Fraud and Abuse Control initiative at the Centers for Medicare
and Medicaid Services (CMS) would be funded at $118 million.
^!The Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP),
funded at $2.2 billion in FY2006, would be decreased by $379
million. An additional $1.0 billion was made available to LIHEAP
for FY2006 by P.L. 109-171, as amended by P.L. 109-204.
^!Social Services Block Grant (SSBG) discretionary activities, funded
at $550 million in FY2006, would be eliminated.
^!The Community Services Block Grant (CSBG), funded at $630
million in FY2006, would be eliminated.
^!Pandemic Influenza Preparedness was funded through two
supplemental FY2006 appropriations — $3.1 billion from P.L. 109-
148 and $2.3 billion from P.L. 109-234; it would receive $79 million
under the request.
House Bill. For HHS programs, the House bill, as reported, differs by at least
$100 million from the President’s budget request, as follows.
^!Health Professions other than nursing would receive $163 million
under the House bill, as reported, $154 million more than requested;
$145 million was provided in FY2006.
^!The CHGME would receive $300 million, $201 million more than
requested; $297 million was provided in FY2006.
^!Health Care-Related Facilities and Activities would receive $248
million; no funds were requested and none were provided in
FY2006.
^!The Preventive Health and Health Services Block Grant (PHBG)
would receive $100 million. No funds were requested; $99 million
was provided in FY2006.
^!The National Institutes of Health (NIH) would receive $28.25
billion, $100 million less than requested; $28.35 billion was
provided in FY2006.
^!The CMS Fraud and Abuse Control initiative would not be funded;
$118 million was requested.
^!LIHEAP would receive $2.1 billion, $329 million more than
requested; $2.2 billion was provided in FY2006. An additional $1.0
billion was made available to LIHEAP for FY2006 by P.L. 109-171,
as amended by P.L. 109-204.
^!The CSBG would be funded at $449 million. No funds were
requested; $630 million was provided in FY2006.
Senate Bill. As reported, the Senate bill differs from the House bill by at least
$100 million for several HHS programs.

^!The CHGME would be funded at $200 million, $100 million less
than the House amount of $300 million; $99 million was requested;
and $297 million was provided in FY2006.
^!The CDC Infectious Diseases would be funded at $1.71 billion, $116
million less than the House amount of $1.83 billion; $1.77 billion
was requested; and $1.68 billion was provided in FY2006.
^!The NIH would receive $28.55 billion, $301 million more than the
House amount of $28.25 billion; $28.35 billion was requested, the
same as was provided in FY2006.
^!The CSBG would receive $630 million, $181 million less than the
House amount of $449 million; no funds were requested; and $630
million was provided in FY2006.
Abortion: Funding Restrictions. Annual L-HHS-ED appropriations
regularly contain restrictions that limit — for one year at a time — the circumstances
under which federal funds can be used to pay for abortions. Restrictions on
appropriated funds, popularly referred to as the “Hyde Amendments,” generally apply
to all L-HHS-ED funds. Medicaid is the largest program affected. Given the
perennial volatility of this issue, these provisions may be revisited at any time during
the annual consideration of L-HHS-ED appropriations. From FY1977 to FY1993,
abortions could be funded only when the life of the mother was endangered. The
103^rd Congress modified the provisions to permit federal funding of abortions in
cases of rape or incest. The FY1998 L-HHS-ED appropriations, P.L. 105-78,
extended the Hyde provisions to prohibit the use of federal funds to buy managed
care packages that include abortion coverage, except in the cases of rape, incest, or
life endangerment. The FY1999 L-HHS-ED appropriations, P.L. 105-277, continued
the FY1998 Hyde Amendments with two added provisions: (1) a clarification to
ensure that the restrictions apply to all trust fund programs (namely, Medicare), and
(2) an assurance that Medicare + Choice plans cannot require the provision of
abortion services. No changes were made from FY2000 through FY2004.
The FY2005 L-HHS-ED appropriations, P.L. 108-447 (H.Rept. 108-792, p.
1271), added a restriction, popularly referred to as the “Weldon Amendment,” that
prevents federal programs or state or local governments that receive L-HHS-ED
funds from discriminating against health care entities that do not provide or pay for
abortions or abortion services. The FY2006 L-HHS-ED appropriations retained the
Weldon amendment language and the Hyde restrictions. These provisions can be
found in §507 and §508 of P.L. 109-149. For additional information, please see CRS
Report RL33467, Abortion: Legislative Response, by Karen J. Lewis and Jon O.
Shimabukuro.
Embryonic Stem Cell Research: Funding Restrictions. On August 9,
2001, President Bush announced a decision to use federal funds for research on
human embryonic stem cells for the first time, but limited the funding to “existing
stem cell lines.” Embryonic stem cells have the ability to develop into virtually any
cell in the body, and have the potential to treat medical conditions such as diabetes
and Parkinson’s disease. In response to the President’s announcement, the NIH
developed a registry of 78 embryonic stem cell lines eligible for use in federally
funded research. However, many of these lines were found to be unavailable or
unsuitable for research; only 22 of the 78 eligible stem cell lines are currently

available for general research purposes. Some scientists are concerned about the
quality, longevity, and availability of eligible stem cell lines. Many believe that the
advancement of research requires new stem cell lines, possibly including stem cells
derived from cloned embryos. The use of stem cells, however, raises ethical issues
regarding embryo and fetal tissue research because the embryos are destroyed in
order to obtain the cells. Given its potential volatility, the issue may be revisited at
any time during the annual consideration of L-HHS-ED appropriations.
An FY1996 appropriations continuing resolution, P.L. 104-99 (§128), prohibited
NIH funds from being used for the creation of human embryos for research purposes
or for research in which human embryos are destroyed. Since FY1997, annual
appropriations acts have extended the prohibition to all L-HHS-ED funds, with the
NIH as the agency primarily affected. The restriction, originally introduced by
Representative Jay Dickey, has not changed significantly since it was first enacted,
and the FY2006 L-HHS-ED appropriations continued the restrictions without
significant change. The current provision can be found in §509 of P.L. 109-149. For
additional information, please see CRS Report RL33540, Stem Cell Research:
Federal Research Funding and Oversight, by Judith A. Johnson and Erin D.
Williams; and CRS Report RL31358, Human Cloning, by Judith A. Johnson and
Erin D. Williams.
CRS Products
CRS Report RL33467, Abortion: Legislative Response, by Karen J. Lewis and Jon
O. Shimabukuro.
CRS Report RL30731, AIDS Funding for Federal Government Programs:
FY1981-FY2007, by Judith A. Johnson.
CRS Report RL33279, AIDS: the Ryan White CARE Act, by Judith A. Johnson and
Paulette C. Morgan.
CRS Report RS21044, Background and Legal Issues Related to Stem Cell Research,
by Jon O. Shimabukuro.
CRS Report RL30785, The Child Care and Development Block Grant: Background
and Funding, by Melinda Gish.
CRS Report RL32872, Community Services Block Grants (CSBG): Funding and
Reauthorization, by Karen Spar and Garrine P. Laney.
CRS Report RL33345, Federal Research and Development Funding: FY2007, by
Michael E. Davey, et al.
CRS Report RL30952, Head Start: Background and Issues, by Melinda Gish.
CRS Report RL31358, Human Cloning, by Judith A. Johnson and Erin D. Williams.
CRS Report RL31865, The Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program
(LIHEAP): Program and Funding, by Libby Perl.
CRS Report RL33695, The National Institutes of Health (NIH): Organization,
Funding, and Congressional Issues, by Pamela W. Smith.
CRS Report RL33354, The Promoting Safe and Stable Families Program:
Reauthorization in the 109th Congress, by Emilie Stoltzfus.
CRS Report RL31940, Public Health Service Operating Agencies, by Janet Kinzer.
CRS Report 94-953, Social Services Block Grant (Title XX of the Social Security
Act), by Melinda Gish.
CRS Report RL33540, Stem Cell Research: Federal Research Funding and
Oversight, by Judith A. Johnson and Erin D. Williams.

Websites
Department of Health and Human Services
[ http://www.hhs.gov]
[ http://www.hhs.gov/budget/docbudget.htm]
Detailed Appropriations Table
Table 10 shows the appropriations details for offices and major programs of
HHS.

Table 10. Detailed Department of Health and
Human Services Appropriations
($ in millions)
^Offi^{ce or m}^a^{jor p}^r^ogram^FY²⁰⁰⁶^enacted^FY²⁰⁰⁷^request^FY²⁰⁰⁷^Hou^s^e^FY²⁰⁰⁷^Sena^t^e^FY²⁰⁰⁷^fiⁿ^a^l
^Pu^b^{lic Hea}^lth^S^e^{rvice (}^P^HS⁾
^H^e^al^t^h^Res^our^ces^{and Ser}^vⁱ^ces^Admⁱⁿⁱ^s^t^r^a^tⁱ^{on (}^H^RSA)
^C^o^m^m^uⁿⁱ^t^y^H^eal^t^h^C^eⁿ^t^ers^$1,782^$1,963^$1,988^$1,926
^H^eal^t^h^Prof^es^sⁱ^on^s^,^N^u^rsⁱⁿ^g¹⁵⁰¹⁵⁰¹⁵⁰¹⁵⁰
^H^eal^t^h^Prof^es^sⁱ^on^s^,^ot^h^e^r¹⁴⁵⁹¹⁶³¹⁵⁴
^Ch^ild^r^eⁿ^’^{s Ho}^sp^{ital Gr}^ad^u^a^{te Med}ⁱ^cal²⁹⁷⁹⁹³⁰⁰²⁰⁰
^Ed^u^catioⁿ
^Materⁿ^{al an}^d^Ch^ild^Health^B^l^o^c^k⁶⁹³⁶⁹³⁷⁰⁰⁶⁹³
^Gran^t
^R^y^an^Whⁱ^t^e^A^I^D^S^Prog^ram^s^2,038^2,133^2,108^2,114
^Fam^ily^P^l^anⁿⁱⁿ^g⁽^T^{itle X)}²⁸³²⁸³²⁸³²⁸³
^Health^Car^e^-^R^elated^{Facilities an}^d⁰⁰²⁴⁸²⁶⁰
^A^c^tiv^ities
^Bi^ot^errori^s^m^H^o^s^pⁱ^t^a^l^G^r^an^t^s⁴⁹⁵⁴⁸⁷⁴⁸⁷⁴⁸⁷
^Vaccin^e^In^j^u^ry^C^o^m^p^en^s^a^tion^T^r^u^s^t⁶¹⁶³⁶³⁶³
^F^uⁿ^d^(m^an^dat^o^ry⁾
^H^R^S^A^{, ot}^h^e^r⁶⁸⁷⁴⁹⁸⁶³⁰⁷⁰⁷
^H^R^S^A^s^u^bt^ot^al^6,631^6,378^7,120^7,037
^C^eⁿ^t^ers^f^o^{r Dis}^eas^{e C}^oⁿ^t^{rol an}^d^1,680^1,773^1,829^1,713
^P^r^ev^en^tion^(C^DC^{) In}^f^ectiou^s^Dis^eas^es
^T^e^rrori^s^m^Preparedn^e^s^s^an^{d R}^e^s^pon^s^e^1,632^1,657^1,605^1,578
^P^r^ev^en^tiv^{e Health}^an^{d Health}^Serv^ices⁹⁹⁰¹⁰⁰¹⁰⁰
^B^l^o^c^k^Gran^{t (P}^HB^G)
^{CDC B}^u^ildⁱⁿ^g^s^an^d^Facilities¹⁵⁸³⁰³⁰¹⁰⁰
^C^D^C^,^ot^h^e^r²^,532^2,374^2,510^2,605
^C^D^C^s^u^bt^ot^al^(a)⁶^,101^5,834^6,074^6,096
^Natioⁿ^a^{l I}ⁿ^stitu^{tes o}^f^Health⁽^N^I^H⁾⁽^a⁾²⁸^,³⁴⁹²⁸^,³⁵⁰²⁸^,²⁵⁰²⁸^,⁵⁵¹
^Su^bs^tan^{ce A}^b^u^s^{e an}^{d Men}^t^{al Health}
^S^e^r^vⁱ^c^e^s^Ad^mⁱⁿⁱ^s^t^r^a^tⁱ^oⁿ⁽^S^AM^H^S^A)⁴⁰⁷⁴⁰⁷⁴⁰⁷⁴⁰⁷
^Men^t^{al Health}^B^l^ock^Gran^t
^S^u^bs^t^aⁿ^{ce A}^b^u^s^{e Bl}^ock^G^r^an^t¹^,679^1,679^1,755^1,709
^S^A^MH^S^A^{, ot}^h^e^r¹^,119^1,048^1,055^1,095
^S^A^MH^S^A^s^u^bt^ot^al^3,205^3,134^3,217^3,211
^A^g^en^cy^f^o^{r Health}^{care R}^e^s^earch^an^d⁰⁰³¹⁹³¹⁹
^Qu^ality⁽^A^HRQ)
^{AHRQ pr}^ogr^{am level}⁽^non-add)³¹⁹³¹⁹³¹⁹³¹⁹
^PH^S^s^u^bt^ot^al^44,286^43,696^44,980^45,214
^C^e^nt^er^s^f^o^r^M^e^di^car^e^{and M}^e^di^cai^d^Ser^vⁱ^ces⁽^C^M^S⁾
^Medi^cai^{d G}^r^an^t^s^t^o^S^t^at^es^(m^an^dat^o^ry⁾^219,738^203,330^203,330^203,330
^Medi^{care T}^r^u^s^t^F^uⁿ^d^s^(m^an^dat^o^ry⁾^178,647^197,136^197,017^197,017
^C^M^S^Prog^ram^Man^a^g^e^m^eⁿ^t^3,080^3,148^3,154^3,149
^Fr^au^d^an^d^A^b^u^s^{e Co}ⁿ^t^r^o^{l in}^itiativ^e⁰¹¹⁸⁰⁰
^C^M^S^s^u^bt^ot^al^401,465^403,732^403,501^403,496

^Offi^{ce or m}^a^{jor p}^r^ogram^FY²⁰⁰⁶^enacted^FY²⁰⁰⁷^request^FY²⁰⁰⁷^Hou^s^e^FY²⁰⁰⁷^Sena^t^e^FY²⁰⁰⁷^fiⁿ^a^l
^Adminis^t^r^a^{tion for}^C^h^ildr^e^{n and Families}⁽^A^C^F⁾
^F^a^mⁱ^l^y^S^u^pport^Pay^m^en^t^s^(m^an^dat^o^ry⁾⁴^,118^3,915^3,915^3,915
^L^o^w^In^com^e^Hom^e^En^erg^y^A^s^sⁱ^s^t^an^ce^2,161^1,782^2,111^2,161
^P^r^og^ram^(L^IHEA^P⁾^(b)
^R^e^f^u^g^{ee an}^{d En}^t^r^an^t^A^s^sⁱ^s^t^an^ce⁵⁷⁰⁶¹⁵⁶⁰⁴⁶⁰⁰
^C^hⁱ^l^d^C^a^{re an}^{d D}^e^v^e^l^opm^en^t^Bl^ock^2,062^2,062^2,062^2,062
^Gran^{t (C}^C^D^B^G⁾
^{Social Serv}^ices^B^l^ock^Gran^{t (SSB}^G)^1,700^1,700^1,700^1,700
⁽^T^{itle XX)}⁽^m^an^d^a^to^r^y⁾
^S^B^G⁽^dⁱ^s^c^r^e^tⁱ^oⁿ⁵⁰⁰⁰⁰
^H^{ead S}^t^art⁶^,879^6,786^6,789^6,789
^C^hⁱ^l^d^Wel^f^{are S}^e^rvⁱ^ces²⁸⁷²⁸⁷²⁸⁷²⁸⁷
^Dev^e^lo^p^m^en^{tal Disab}^ilities¹⁷¹¹⁷¹¹⁷¹¹⁷³
^C^o^m^m^uⁿⁱ^t^y^S^e^rvⁱ^ces^Bl^ock^G^r^an^t⁶³⁰⁰⁴⁴⁹⁶³⁰
^Bat^t^e^{red Wom}^eⁿ^’^s^S^h^el^t^e^rs¹²⁵¹²⁵¹²⁵¹²⁵
^A^b^s^tⁱⁿ^en^{ce Edu}^catⁱ^oⁿ¹⁰⁹¹³⁷¹⁰⁹¹⁰⁹
^C^hⁱ^l^d^ren^an^{d F}^a^mⁱ^l^y^S^e^rvⁱ^ces^{, ot}^h^e^r⁷³⁶⁷³³⁷²³⁷⁴³
^P^r^o^m^o^tin^g^Saf^e^an^d^Stab^{le Fam}^ilies³⁰⁵³⁴⁵³⁴⁵³⁴⁵
⁽^P^SSF)⁽^m^and^a^to^r^y⁾
^P^{SSF (}^d^iscr^etio^nar^y⁾⁸⁹⁸⁹⁸⁹⁷⁵
^Fos^t^{er C}^a^{re an}^{d A}^doption^A^s^sⁱ^s^t^an^ce^6,671^7,021^7,021^7,021
^(m^an^dat^o^ry⁾
^A^C^F^s^u^bt^ot^al^27,163^25,768^26,500^26,735
^A^d^mⁱⁿⁱ^s^t^ratⁱ^oⁿ^on^A^gⁱⁿ^g^(A^O^A⁾¹^,363^1,335^1,390^1,381
^{Office of the Secr}^etar^y
^{Medical B}^eⁿ^e^f^its^{, C}^o^m^mⁱ^s^sⁱ^on^ed³²⁹³⁴²³⁴²³⁴²
^Of^fⁱ^cers^(m^an^datory⁾
^P^aⁿ^d^em^{ic In}^f^l^u^eⁿ^{za P}^r^eparedn^e^s^s^(c)³^,082⁷⁹⁷⁹⁷⁹
^O^f^fⁱ^{ce of}^t^h^{e S}^ecret^ary^,^ot^h^e^r⁵⁹³⁶⁹²⁶⁷⁹⁶⁷¹
^O^f^fⁱ^{ce of}^t^h^{e S}^ecret^ary^s^u^bt^ot^al^4,004^1,113^1,100^1,092
^T^O^T^A^L^S^{, DE}^PART^M^E^NT^{OF HE}^AL^T^H^{AND HUM}^{AN SE}^RVICE^S
^T^o^t^a^l^appropri^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s^(d)^478,282^475,644^477,471^477,918
^C^u^rren^t^y^{ear f}^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^411,179^406,187^408,014^408,461
^Oⁿ^e-^y^{ear adv}^aⁿ^{ce f}^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^67,103^69,456^69,456^69,456
^Source:^A^m^ouⁿ^t^s^are^bas^e^{d on}^th^{e J}^uⁿ^e^{13, 2006, table of}^th^{e Hou}^s^{e C}^o^m^m^{ittee on}^A^ppropriation^s^,
^ex^cept^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^am^ouⁿ^t^s^are^bas^e^d^on^S^.^R^e^pt^{. 109-}^{287. F}^Y^{2006 am}^ouⁿ^t^s^ref^l^ect^t^h^{e 1%}^cu^t^requⁱ^r^ed
^by^P.L^.^109-^148;^h^o^w^e^v^e^{r, t}^h^ey^{do n}^o^t^y^e^tⁱⁿ^cl^u^d^{e al}^l^F^Y^{2006 s}^u^ppl^em^en^t^a^l^appropri^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s^.
^{a. T}^w^o^HHS^prog^ram^s^als^o^receiv^e^{d F}^Y^{2006 f}^uⁿ^d^s^f^r^om^In^terior-^Eⁿ^vⁱ^ron^m^en^{t appropriation}^s^{— $75}
^m^illion^f^o^{r C}^D^C^an^{d $79 m}^illion^f^o^{r NIH; n}^e^ith^er^am^ouⁿ^t^isⁱⁿ^clu^d^{ed in}^th^is^table.
^{b. For FY2006, an}^addition^a^{l $1.0 billion}^w^a^s^m^a^{de av}^{ailable f}^o^{r L}^I^HEA^P^uⁿ^d^{er P}^.^L.^109-^{171, as}
^am^en^{ded by}^P.L^.^109-^{204 (n}^ot^y^e^tⁱⁿ^cl^u^d^{ed i}ⁿ^t^a^bl^e).
^{c. T}^w^{o FY2006 s}^u^pplem^en^{tal appropriation}^s^prov^{ided f}^uⁿ^d^s^f^o^{r pan}^d^em^{ic in}^f^l^u^eⁿ^{za: $3.1 billion}
^f^r^om^P^.^L^.^109-^{148 (in}^c^lu^{ded in}^{table) an}^{d $2.}^{3 billion}^f^r^om^P^.^L^.^109-^{234 (n}^{ot y}^e^{t in}^clu^d^ed).
^d^.^A^p^p^r^o^p^r^iatioⁿ^s^to^{tals in}^clu^d^{e d}ⁱ^scr^e^tioⁿ^a^r^y^an^d^m^aⁿ^d^ato^r^y^f^uⁿ^d^{s, an}^d^m^a^y^b^e^su^b^j^ect^to^ad^d^itioⁿ^a^l
^sc^o^r^e^k^e^e^pⁱ^{ng a}ⁿ^d^o^t^he^r^a^d^j^u^st^m^e^nt^s.^T^w^o^H^H^S^a^g^eⁿ^cⁱ^e^s^w^e^r^e^f^uⁿ^d^e^d^t^h^r^o^{ugh o}^t^he^r
^appropri^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^sⁱⁿ^F^Y^2006:^t^h^{e F}^{ood an}^{d D}^r^u^g^A^d^mⁱⁿⁱ^s^t^ratⁱ^oⁿ^(F^D^A^{) i}ⁿ^A^g^ri^cu^l^t^u^re
^ap^p^r^o^p^r^iatioⁿ^s⁽^$¹^.⁵^b^illioⁿ⁾^{, an}^d^th^{e I}ⁿ^dⁱ^an^Health^Ser^v^{ice (}^I^HS)ⁱⁿ^Iⁿ^terⁱ^o^r^-^Eⁿ^vⁱ^r^oⁿ^m^eⁿ^t
^ap^p^r^o^p^r^iatioⁿ^s⁽^$³^.⁰^b^illioⁿ⁾^{; n}^e^ith^er^ag^en^cy^{is in}^clu^d^edⁱⁿ^th^{is tab}^l^e.

Department of Education
FY2006 discretionary appropriations for the Department of Education (ED)
were $57.6 billion. For FY2007, the budget request was $54.3 billion, $3.3 billion
(5.7%) less than the FY2006 amount, as shown in Table 11. As reported, the House
bill would provide $56.1 billion, and, as reported, the Senate bill would provide
$55.8 billion.
Table 11. Department of Education
Discretionary Appropriations
($ in billions)
^F^unding^FY²⁰⁰⁶^enacted^FY²⁰⁰⁷^request^FY²⁰⁰⁷^Hou^s^e^FY²⁰⁰⁷^Sena^t^e^FY²⁰⁰⁷^fiⁿ^a^l
^A^ppropri^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s^$57.6^$54.3^$56.1^$55.8
^Source:^A^m^ouⁿ^t^s^{are bas}^e^{d on}^th^e^J^uⁿ^e^{13, 2006, table of}^th^{e Hou}^s^{e C}^o^m^m^{ittee on}^A^ppropriation^s^,
^ex^cept^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^am^ouⁿ^t^s^{are bas}^e^{d on}^S^.^R^e^pt^.^109-^287.^F^Y²⁰⁰⁶^am^ouⁿ^t^s^ref^l^ect^t^h^{e 1%}^cu^t^requⁱ^r^ed
^by^P.L^.^109-^148;^h^o^w^e^v^e^{r, t}^h^ey^{do n}^o^t^y^e^tⁱⁿ^cl^u^d^{e al}^l^F^Y^{2006 s}^u^ppl^em^en^t^a^l^appropri^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s^{. A}^m^ouⁿ^t^s
^r^e^p^r^e^s^eⁿ^t^dⁱ^sc^r^e^tⁱ^o^na^r^y^p^r^o^g^r^a^m^s^fund^e^d^b^y^L-H^H^S^-E^D^a^p^p^r^o^p^rⁱ^a^tⁱ^o^ns;^fund^{s f}^o^{r m}^aⁿ^d^at^ory^progr^a^m^s
^{are ex}^clu^d^ed.
A single mandatory ED program is included in the FY2007 L-HHS-ED bill; the
Vocational Rehabilitation State Grants program was funded at $2.7 billion in
FY2006. A one-time, mandatory appropriation of $4.3 billion was included in the
FY2006 L-HHS-ED bill for the elimination of the Pell Grants shortfall.
Key Issues
President’s Request. Increasing federal support for education has been a
priority of both Congress and the White House in recent years. Under the FY2007
budget request, funding for several programs would be increased, and ten new
education programs were proposed. However, the President’s request would
eliminate the funding for 42 existing programs and reduce the total discretionary
funding for ED programs in FY2007.
The President’s FY2007 budget request proposed changes of at least $100
million for ED programs, as follows.
^!Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (ESEA)
programs, funded in aggregate at $23.3 billion in FY2006, would be
increased by $1.1 billion in the President’s FY2007 budget request
— see discussion below on the issue of whether there is an ESEA
funding shortfall.
^!Five K-12 education initiatives of at least $100 million were
proposed by the President: $200 million for School Improvement
Grants; $125 million for Math Now, Elementary; $125 million for
Math Now, Middle School; $1.5 billion for High School Reform;
and $100 million for America’s Opportunity Scholarships.

^!Educational Technology State Grants, funded at $272 million in
FY2006, would be eliminated.
^!Safe and Drug-Free Schools State Grants, funded at $347 million in
FY2006, would be eliminated.
^!The Special Education Part B Grants to States program under the
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), funded at $10.6
billion in FY2006, would be increased by $100 million — see
discussion below on the issue of whether there is an IDEA funding
shortfall.
^!The Perkins Vocational Education program, funded at $1.3 billion
in FY2006, would be terminated.
^!The Pell Grants program, funded at $13.0 billion in FY2006, would
be reduced by $385 million. The one-time, mandatory appropriation
of $4.3 billion in FY2006 to eliminate the Pell Grants shortfall
would not be repeated under the FY2007 request.
^!For Perkins Loan Assets, the budget proposes the recall of the
federal portion of loan repayments otherwise made during FY2007
to revolving funds held by participating institutions of higher
education (IHEs), thereby creating a one-time, negative
appropriation or offset of $664 million.
^!Student Aid Administrative Costs, funded at $119 million in
FY2006, would be increased by $615 million ($600 million of which
was previously classified as mandatory funds); the proposed funding
increase was made in response to the requirements and provisions of
P.L. 109-171, the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005.
^!TRIO programs, funded at $828 million in FY2006, would be
reduced by $448 million.
^!GEAR UP, funded at $303 million in FY2006, would be eliminated.
^!Hurricane Recovery programs in education, enacted in response to
the 2005 Gulf Coast hurricanes, were funded at $1.9 billion in
FY2006, including $1.6 billion through P.L. 109-149 (enacted
December 30, 2005) and $285 million through P.L. 109-234
(enacted June 15, 2006, P.L. 109-234 amounts have not yet been
included in House Committee tables); no additional funds were
requested for FY2007.
House Bill. For ED programs, the House bill, as reported, differs by at least
$100 million from the President’s budget request, as follows.
^!ESEA programs in aggregate would receive $22.8 billion, $1.6
billion less than requested; $23.3 billion was provided in FY2006.
^!Of the President’s five major education initiatives, the School
Improvement Grants would receive $200 million, as requested. No
funds would be provided for Math Now, Elementary ($125 million
requested); Math Now, Middle School ($125 million); High School
Reform ($1.5 billion); and America’s Opportunity Scholarships
($100 million).
^!Teacher Quality State Grants would receive $2.6 billion, $300
million less than requested; $2.9 billion was provided in FY2006.

^!Safe and Drug-Free Schools State Grants would receive $310
million, a decrease from the $347 million provided in FY2006; no
funds were requested.
^!Perkins Vocational Education would receive $1.3 billion, the same
as in FY2006; no funds were requested.
^!Pell Grants would receive $13.0 billion, $349 million more than
requested; $13.0 billion was provided in FY2006. The Pell Grant
maximum award would be increased by $100 to $4,150.
^!Perkins Loan Assets would not be recalled; the President proposed
an offset of $664 million.
^!TRIO programs would receive $828 million, $448 million more than
requested; $828 million was provided in FY2006.
^!GEAR UP would receive $303 million, the same as in FY2006; no
funds were requested.
Senate Bill. As reported, the Senate bill differs from the House bill by at least
$100 million for several ED programs.
^!ESEA programs in aggregate would receive $23.0 billion, $116
million more than the House amount of $22.8 billion; $24.4 billion
was requested; and $23.3 billion was provided in FY2006.
^!The School Improvement Grants Initiative would be funded at $100
million, $100 million less than the House amount of $200 million;
the request was for $200 million as well.
^!Teacher Quality State Grants would receive $2.7 billion, $160
million more than the House amount of $2.6 billion; $2.9 billion was
requested, the same as was provided in FY2006.
^!The Innovative Education Block Grant would receive no funds; the
House bill would provide $150 million; and $99 million was
requested, the same as was provided in FY2006.
^!Educational Technology State Grants would be funded at $272
million; the House bill would provide no funds; no funds were
requested; and $272 million was provided in FY2006.
^!The IDEA Part B Grants to States would receive $10.6 billion, $150
million less than the House amount of $10.7 billion; $10.7 billion
was requested; and $10.6 billion was provided in FY2006.
^!Pell Grants would receive $12.6 billion, $402 million less than the
House amount of $13.0 billion; $12.7 billion was requested; and
$13.0 billion was provided in FY2006. The FY2007 maximum
award would be $4,050 under the Senate bill; the maximum would
be raised to $4,150 under the House bill. The request was for
$4,050; in FY2006, the maximum Pell Grant was $4,050.
ESEA Funding Shortfall? Since the enactment of the No Child Left Behind
Act of 2001 (NCLBA), P.L. 107-110, which amended the ESEA among other
programs, there has been a continuing discussion regarding the appropriations
“promised” and the resulting “shortfall” when the enacted appropriations are
compared to authorization levels. Some would contend that the ESEA authorizations
of appropriations, as amended by NCLBA, represent a funding commitment that was
promised in return for legislative support for the new administrative requirements

placed on state and local educational systems. They would contend that the
authorized levels are needed for implementing the new requirements, and that the
differences between promised and actual funding levels represent a shortfall of
billions of dollars. Others would contend that the authorized funding levels represent
no more than appropriations ceilings, and as such are no different from authorizations
for most education programs. That is, when the authorization amount is specified,
it represents only a maximum amount, with the actual funding level to be determined
during the regular annual appropriations process. In the past, education programs
with specified levels of authorization generally have been funded at lower levels; few
have been funded at levels equal to or higher than the specified authorization amount.
Five ESEA programs, as amended by NCLBA, have specific authorization
levels for FY2002 through FY2007: Title I, Part A Grants to Local Educational
Agencies (LEAs); 21st Century Community Learning Centers (21CCLC); the
Education Block Grant; School Choice; and the Fund for the Improvement of
Education (FIE). For FY2006, the aggregate authorization for these five programs
was $26.3 billion, and the appropriation was $14.3 billion, or $12.0 billion less than
the amount authorized. For FY2007, the authorized amount was $28.9 billion for the
five programs, and the President requested $15.6 billion, or $13.3 billion less. The
FY2007 House bill, as reported, would provide $14.3 billion, and, as reported, the
Senate bill would provide $14.2 billion for these five programs in FY2007. For
additional information, please see CRS Report RL33058, K-12 Education Programs:
Recent Appropriations, by Paul M. Irwin.
IDEA Funding Shortfall? From 1975 to 2004, the IDEA Part B Grants to
States program authorized state payments up to a maximum amount of 40% of the
national average per-pupil expenditure (APPE) times the number of children with
disabilities ages 3-21 that each state serves. Appropriations have never been
sufficient to reach the 40% level. In 2004, Congress addressed the authorization
issue in P.L. 108-446, which specified authorization ceilings for Part B Grants to
States for FY2005 through FY2011. For FY2006, the Part B Grants to States
authorization was $14.6 billion, and the appropriation was $10.6 billion, or $4.0
billion less than the authorized amount. For FY2007, the authorized amount was
$16.9 billion, and the President requested $10.7 billion, or $6.2 billion less than the
amount authorized. The FY2007 House bill, as reported, would provide $10.7
billion, and, as reported, the Senate bill would provide $10.6 billion for FY2007. As
with ESEA and NCLBA, some view these differences as funding shortfalls, while
others see the maximum federal share and the specified authorizations as nothing
more than appropriation ceilings. For additional information, please see CRS Report
RL32085, Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA): Current Funding
Trends, by Richard N. Apling.
Forward Funding and Advance Appropriations. Most appropriations
are available for obligation during the federal fiscal year of the appropriations bill.
For example, most FY2007 appropriations will be available for obligation from
October 1, 2006, through September 30, 2007. Several L-HHS-ED programs,
including some of the larger ED programs, have authorization or appropriations
provisions that allow funding flexibility for program years that differ from the federal
fiscal year. For example, many of the elementary and secondary education formula
grant programs receive appropriations that become available for obligation to the

states on July 1 of the same year as the appropriations, and remain available for 15
months through the end of the following fiscal year. That is, FY2007 appropriations
for some programs will become available for obligation to the states on July 1, 2007,
and will remain available until September 30, 2008. This budgetary procedure is
popularly known as “forward” or “multi-year” funding, and is accomplished through
funding provisions in the L-HHS-ED appropriations bill.
Forward funding in the case of elementary and secondary education programs
was designed to allow additional time for school officials to develop budgets in
advance of the beginning of the school year. For Pell Grants for undergraduates,
however, aggregate program costs for individual students applying for postsecondary
educational assistance cannot be known with certainty ahead of time. Appropriations
from one fiscal year primarily support Pell Grants during the following academic
year, that is, the FY2007 appropriations will be used primarily to support grants for
the 2007-2008 academic year. Unlike funding for elementary and secondary
education programs, however, the funds for Pell Grants remain available for
obligation for two full fiscal years.
An advance appropriation occurs when the appropriation is provided for a
fiscal year beyond the fiscal year for which the appropriation was enacted. In the
case of FY2007 appropriations, funds normally would have become available
October 1, 2006, under regular funding provisions, but will not become available
until July 1, 2007, under the forward funding provisions discussed above. However,
if the July 1, 2007 forward funding date for obligation were to be postponed by three
months — until October 1, 2007 — the appropriation would be reclassified as an
advance appropriation since the funds would become available only in a subsequent
fiscal year, FY2008. For example, the FY2007 budget request for Title I, Part A
Grants to LEAs for the Education for the Disadvantaged was $12.7 billion. This
amount includes not only forward funding of $5.3 billion (to become available July
1, 2007), but also an advance appropriation of $7.4 billion (to become available
October 1, 2007). Like forward funding provisions, these advance appropriations are
specified through provisions in the annual appropriations bill.
What is the impact of these changes in funding provisions? At the
appropriations level, there is no difference between forward funded and advance
appropriations except for the period available for obligation. At the program or
service level, relatively little is changed by the three-month delay in the availability
of funds, since most expenditures for a standard school year occur after October 1.
At the scorekeeping level, however, a significant technical difference occurs because
forward funding is counted as part of the current fiscal year, and is therefore fully
included in the current 302(b) allocation for discretionary appropriations. Under
federal budget scorekeeping rules, an advance appropriation is not counted in the
302(b) allocation until the following year. In essence, a three-month change from
forward funding to an advance appropriation for a given program allows a one-time
shift from the current year to the next year in the scoring of discretionary
appropriations. For additional information, please see CRS Report RS20441,
Advance Appropriations, Forward Funding, and Advance Funding, by Sandy
Streeter.

CRS Products
CRS Report RL32867, Adult Education and Literacy: Overview and
Reauthorization Proposals of the 109th Congress, by Paul M. Irwin.
CRS Report RL31618, Campus-Based Student Financial Aid Programs Under the
Higher Education Act, by David Smole.
CRS Report RL31487, Education for the Disadvantaged: Overview of ESEA Title
I-A Amendments Under the No Child Left Behind Act, by Wayne Riddle.
CRS Report RL33236, Education-Related Hurricane Relief: Legislative Action,
Rebecca R. Skinner, et al.
CRS Report RL32085, Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA): Current
Funding Trends, by Richard N. Apling.
CRS Report RL33371, K-12 Education: Implementation Status of the No Child Left
Behind Act of 2001 (P.L. 107-110), by Gail McCallion, Coordinator.
CRS Report RL33058, K-12 Education Programs: Recent Appropriations, by Paul
M. Irwin.
CRS Report RS20532, The Safe and Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act:
Reauthorization and Appropriations, by Edith Fairman Cooper.
CRS Report RS22308, Student Loans and FY2006 Budget Reconciliation, by Adam
Stoll.
CRS Report RL31240, 21^st Century Community Learning Centers in P.L. 107-110:
Background and Funding, by Gail McCallion.
CRS Report RS20441, Advance Appropriations, Forward Funding, and Advance
Funding, by Sandy Streeter.
Websites
Department of Education
[ http://www.ed.gov/index .jhtml]
[ http://www.ed.gov/about/overview/budget/budget07/index .html]
Detailed Appropriations Table
Table 12 shows the appropriations details for offices and major programs of
ED.

Table 12. Detailed Department of Education Appropriations
($ in millions)
^Offi^{ce or m}^a^{jor p}^r^ogram^FY²⁰⁰⁶^enacted^FY²⁰⁰⁷^request^FY²⁰⁰⁷^Hou^s^e^FY²⁰⁰⁷^Sena^t^e^FY²⁰⁰⁷^fiⁿ^a^l
^T^o^t^a^l^El^em^ent^a^r^y^{and Secondar}^y^$23,334^$24,400^$22,842^$22,958
^Educatⁱ^{on Act}⁽^non-add)
^T^{itle I}^,^P^a^r^t^A^Ed^u^catioⁿ^f^o^r^th^e^12,713^12,713^12,713^12,713
^Disad^v^an^tag^e^d^,^Gr^an^{ts to}^L^E^A^s
^Ev^en^Start⁹⁹⁰⁷⁰⁰
^R^eadiⁿ^g^Fⁱ^rs^t^S^t^at^{e G}^r^an^t^s^1,029^1,029^1,029^1,000
^S^c^h^ool^Im^prov^em^en^t^G^r^an^t^s⁰²⁰⁰²⁰⁰¹⁰⁰
^Math^No^w^,^Elem^en^tar^yⁱⁿ^itiativ^e⁰¹²⁵⁰⁰
^Math^No^w^,^Mid^d^l^{e Sch}^o^o^lⁱⁿ^itiativ^e⁰¹²⁵⁰⁰
^Hig^h^Sch^o^o^l^Ref^o^r^mⁱⁿ^itiativ^e⁰¹^,⁴⁷⁵⁰⁰
^A^m^eri^ca’^s^O^pport^uⁿⁱ^t^y^S^c^h^o^l^a^rs^hⁱ^ps⁰¹⁰⁰⁰⁰
^Ed^u^catioⁿ^f^o^r^th^{e Disad}^v^an^tag^e^d^,⁶⁴⁰⁷⁰³⁶⁴¹⁶³⁴
^ot^h^e^r
^Im^pact^Aⁱ^d¹^,228^1,228^1,228^1,228
^T^each^{er Qu}^ality^{State Gran}^ts²^,⁸⁸⁷²^,⁸⁸⁷²^,⁵⁸⁷²^,⁷⁴⁷
^Math^em^{atics an}^d^Scien^c^e¹⁸²¹⁸²²²⁵¹⁹⁵
^P^a^rtⁿ^e^rs^hⁱ^ps
^I^nno^va^tⁱ^v^e^E^d^uc^a^tⁱ^o^{n B}^l^o^c^{k G}^r^aⁿ^t⁹⁹⁹⁹¹⁵⁰⁰
^E^d^uc^a^tⁱ^o^na^l^T^e^c^hno^l^o^gy^St^a^t^e²⁷²⁰⁰²⁷²
^Gran^ts
²¹^st^Ce^nt^ur^y^Co^m^m^uni^t^y^Le^a^rⁿⁱ^ng⁹⁸¹⁹⁸¹⁹⁸¹⁹⁸¹
^Ce^nte^r^s
^S^t^at^{e A}^s^s^e^s^s^m^en^t^s⁴⁰⁸⁴⁰⁸⁴⁰⁸⁴⁰⁸
^R^u^ral^Edu^catⁱ^oⁿ¹⁶⁹¹⁶⁹¹⁶⁹¹⁶⁹
^S^c^h^ool^Im^prov^em^en^t^,^ot^h^e^r²⁵⁷²⁴⁷²⁴⁵²⁵⁸
^In^di^an^Edu^catⁱ^oⁿ¹¹⁹¹¹⁹¹¹⁹¹¹⁹
^C^h^art^e^{r S}^c^h^ool^G^r^an^t^s²¹⁵²¹⁵²¹⁵²¹⁵
^Fuⁿ^d^f^o^{r th}^{e Im}^prov^em^en^{t of}¹⁵⁹¹⁰⁴¹⁸⁴²³⁹
^E^d^uc^a^tⁱ^o^{n ge}^ne^r^a^l^fund^{s (}^F^I^E⁾
^Inⁿ^o^v^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^an^{d Im}^prov^em^en^t^,^ot^h^e^r⁵⁶²⁵³²⁵¹²⁵³⁶
^Saf^e^and^Dr^ug-^Fr^{ee Scho}^o^l^{s State}³⁴⁷⁰³¹⁰³¹⁰
^Gran^ts
^S^a^f^e^S^c^h^ool^s^an^{d C}ⁱ^tⁱ^zen^s^hⁱ^p^{, ot}^h^e^r³⁸³²⁶⁷³¹⁴³⁴³
^E^{nglish L}^a^ngua^ge^A^c^q^u^isitio^{n Sta}^t^e⁶⁶⁹⁶⁶⁹⁶⁶⁹⁶⁶⁹
^Gran^ts
^IDEA^{Special Edu}^cation^,^P^a^{rt B}^,^10,583^10,683^10,733^10,583
^Gran^ts^{to States}
^ID^EA^S^p^eci^al^Edu^catⁱ^oⁿ^,^ot^h^e^r¹^,070^1,015^1,020^1,027
^Vo^catioⁿ^a^{l Reh}^a^b^ilitatioⁿ^State^2,720^2,837^2,837^2,837
^Gran^ts^(m^an^datory⁾
^Reh^a^b^ilitatioⁿ^Ser^v^{ices, o}^t^h^e^r⁴⁰⁶³⁴³⁴⁰⁷⁴¹¹
^Sp^{ecial I}ⁿ^stitu^tioⁿ^s^f^o^r^P^e^r^s^oⁿ^s¹⁸¹¹⁸¹¹⁸⁶¹⁸⁸
^W^ith^Disab^ilities
^Perkⁱⁿ^s^V^o^catⁱ^oⁿ^a^l^Edu^catⁱ^oⁿ¹^,296⁰¹^,296^1,296
^A^d^u^l^t^Edu^catⁱ^oⁿ⁵⁸⁰⁵⁸⁰⁵⁸⁰⁵⁸⁰
^Vo^catioⁿ^a^{l an}^d^A^d^u^{lt, o}^t^h^e^r¹¹⁶⁰⁵⁰²⁴

^Offi^{ce or m}^a^{jor p}^r^ogram^FY²⁰⁰⁶^enacted^FY²⁰⁰⁷^request^FY²⁰⁰⁷^Hou^s^e^FY²⁰⁰⁷^Sena^t^e^FY²⁰⁰⁷^fiⁿ^a^l
^St^udent^Fi^nanci^a^l^Ai^d
^Pel^l^G^r^ant^s^,^m^a^xi^m^u^m^aw^ar^{d (}ⁱⁿ^4,050^4,050^4,150^4,050
^dol^l^a^r^s^,^non-add)
^Pel^l^G^r^an^t^s^13,045^12,660^13,009^12,607
^P^e^{ll Gr}^an^{ts sh}^o^r^tf^{all elim}ⁱⁿ^atioⁿ⁴^,³⁰⁰⁰⁰⁰
^(m^an^dat^o^ry^{) (a)}
^Su^p^p^l^em^en^{tal Ed}^u^catioⁿ^a^l⁷⁷¹⁷⁷¹⁷⁷¹⁷⁷¹
^O^pport^uⁿⁱ^t^y^G^r^an^t^s
^F^e^deral^Work^-^S^t^u^dy⁹⁸⁰⁹⁸⁰⁹⁸⁰⁹⁸⁰
^F^e^deral^Perkⁱⁿ^s^L^o^an^s⁶⁵⁰⁶⁵⁶⁵
^Le^ve^r^a^gi^{ng E}^d^uc^a^tⁱ^o^na^l^A^ssi^st^aⁿ^c^e⁶⁵⁰⁶⁵⁶⁵
^P^a^rtⁿ^e^rs^hⁱ^{p (L}^EA^P⁾
^P^e^r^k^{ins L}^o^aⁿ^{s A}^sse^{ts o}^ffse^t⁰^-⁶⁶⁴⁰⁰
^S^t^u^d^en^t^Aⁱ^{d A}^d^mⁱⁿⁱ^s^t^ratⁱ^v^{e C}^o^s^t^s¹¹⁹⁷³⁴⁷¹⁴⁷¹⁴
^O^f^fⁱ^{ce of}^Pos^t^s^econdar^{y Educat}ⁱ^{on (}^O^PE)
^Aⁱ^d^f^o^r^Iⁿ^stitu^tioⁿ^a^{l Dev}^e^lo^p^m^en^t⁵⁰⁶⁵⁰³⁵⁰³⁵⁰⁶
^Fuⁿ^d^f^o^{r th}^{e Im}^prov^em^en^{t of}²²²²⁹⁰⁹²
^P^o^s^t^s^econ^d^ary^Edu^cation^(FIP^SE)
^T^R^IO^Prog^ram^s⁸²⁸³⁸⁰⁸²⁸⁸²⁸
^G^E^A^R^U^P³⁰³⁰³⁰³³⁰³
^Hⁱ^g^h^e^{r Edu}^catⁱ^oⁿ^,^ot^h^e^r²⁹²²⁰⁴²⁴⁰²⁷⁴
^H^o^w^a^{rd U}ⁿⁱ^v^ersⁱ^t^y²³⁷²³⁷²³⁷²³⁷
^Iⁿ^stitu^{te o}^f^Ed^u^catioⁿ^Scien^ces⁵¹⁷⁵⁵⁴⁵³⁵⁵³⁶
^D^e^part^m^eⁿ^t^al^Man^a^g^e^m^eⁿ^t⁵⁵⁰⁵⁷²⁵⁶⁸⁵⁶⁸
^H^u^rⁱ^c^a^R^c^o^v^e^r^y⁽^b⁾¹^,⁶⁰⁰⁰⁰⁰
^T^O^T^A^L^S^{, DE}^PART^M^E^NT^{OF E}^DUCAT^ION
^T^o^t^a^l^A^ppropri^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s^{(a, b, c)}^64,573^57,168^58,986^58,630
^C^u^rren^t^y^{ear f}^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^49,539^42,135^42,503^43,597
^Oⁿ^e-^y^{ear adv}^aⁿ^{ce f}^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^15,034^15,034^15,483^15,034
^Source:^A^m^ouⁿ^t^s^{are bas}^e^{d on}^th^{e J}^uⁿ^e^{13, 2006, table of}^th^{e Hou}^s^e^C^o^m^m^ittee^on^A^ppropriation^s^,
^ex^cept^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^am^ouⁿ^t^s^{are bas}^e^{d on}^S^.^R^e^pt^.^109-^287.^F^Y²⁰⁰⁶^am^ouⁿ^t^s^ref^l^ect^t^h^{e 1%}^cu^t^requⁱ^r^ed
^by^P.L^.^109-^148;^h^o^w^e^v^e^{r, t}^h^ey^{do n}^o^t^y^e^tⁱⁿ^cl^u^d^{e al}^l^F^Y^{2006 s}^u^ppl^em^en^t^a^l^appropri^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s^.
^{a. P}^.^L^.^109-^{149, Section}^{305 prov}^{ided a on}^e-^tim^{e $4.3 billion}^m^aⁿ^d^atory^{FY2006 appropriation}^to
^elimⁱⁿ^{ate th}^{e estim}^ated^P^e^{ll Gr}^an^{ts sh}^o^r^tf^{all; th}^is^am^o^uⁿ^t^{is sh}^o^wⁿⁱⁿ^th^{e tab}^l^{e an}^d^{its to}^tals.
^{b. P}^.^L^.^109-^{148, Div}ⁱ^sⁱ^on^B^,^T^{itle I, C}^h^apte^{r 6 prov}^{ided a on}^e-^tim^e^{$1.6 billion}^em^erg^eⁿ^c^y^FY2006
^appropri^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^of^edu^catⁱ^oⁿ^a^l^as^sⁱ^s^t^an^{ce i}ⁿ^res^pon^s^e^t^o^t^h^{e 2005 G}^u^l^f^C^o^a^s^t^h^u^r^ri^can^es^;^t^hⁱ^s
^am^ouⁿ^t^is^s^h^owⁿⁱⁿ^th^{e table an}^{d its}^totals^.^P^.^L^.^109-^{234 prov}^ided^an^addition^a^{l $285 m}^illion
⁽ⁿ^o^t^y^e^{t in}^clu^d^edⁱⁿ^tab^l^e)^.
^{c. A}^p^p^r^o^p^r^iatioⁿ^s^to^{tals in}^clu^d^{e d}ⁱ^scr^e^tioⁿ^a^r^y^an^d^m^aⁿ^d^ato^r^y^f^uⁿ^d^{s, an}^d^ar^{e su}^b^j^e^c^t^t^o^ad^d^itioⁿ^a^l
^s^c^orek^eepin^g^an^{d oth}^e^{r adj}^u^s^t^m^eⁿ^t^s^.

Related Agencies
FY2006 discretionary appropriations for L-HHS-ED related agencies were $11.4
billion. For FY2007, the budget request was $11.2 billion, $0.2 billion (1.8%) less
than the FY2006 amount, as shown in Table 13. As reported, the House bill would
provide $11.0 billion, and, as reported, the Senate bill would provide $11.3 billion.
Table 13. Related Agencies Discretionary Appropriations
($ in billions)
^F^unding^FY²⁰⁰⁶^enacted^FY²⁰⁰⁷^request^FY²⁰⁰⁷^Hou^s^e^FY²⁰⁰⁷^Sena^t^e^FY²⁰⁰⁷^fiⁿ^a^l
^A^ppropri^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s^$11.4^$11.2^$11.0^$11.3
^Source:^A^m^ouⁿ^t^s^{are bas}^e^{d on}^th^{e J}^uⁿ^e^{13, 2006, table of}^th^{e Hou}^s^e^C^o^m^m^ittee^on^A^ppropriation^s^,
^ex^cept^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^am^ouⁿ^t^s^are^bas^e^d^on^S^.^R^e^pt^{. 109-}^{287. F}^Y^{2006 am}^ouⁿ^t^s^ref^l^ect^t^h^{e 1%}^cu^t^requⁱ^r^ed
^by^P.L^.^109-^148;^h^o^w^e^v^e^{r, t}^h^ey^{do n}^o^t^y^e^tⁱⁿ^cl^u^d^{e al}^l^F^Y²⁰⁰⁶^s^u^ppl^em^en^t^a^l^appropri^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s^{. A}^m^ouⁿ^t^s
^repres^en^t^di^s^c^retⁱ^oⁿ^a^ry^prog^ram^s^f^uⁿ^d^e^d^b^y^L^-^H^H^S^-^E^D^a^ppropri^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s^;^f^uⁿ^d^s^f^o^{r m}^aⁿ^d^at^ory^prog^ram^s
^{are ex}^clu^d^ed.
Mandatory programs for related agencies included in the L-HHS-ED bill were
funded at $37.7 billion in FY2006, virtually all of it for the Supplemental Security
Income (SSI) program.
Key Issues
President’s Request. The President’s FY2007 budget for related agencies
proposed discretionary spending changes of at least $100 million for the following
agencies.
^!The Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB) has been provided
with a two-year advance appropriation in recent years; however, the
President’s FY2007 budget did not request FY2009 funds for CPB.
The CPB has been funded at $400 million for FY2008 (enacted as
part of the FY2006 L-HHS-ED appropriations), $400 million for
FY2007 (enacted in FY2005), and $396 million for FY2006
(enacted in FY2004).
^!The Supplemental Security Income (SSI) discretionary activities,
funded at $2.7 billion in FY2006, would be increased by $271
million.
^!Social Security Administration (SSA) Administrative Expenses,
funded at $6.4 billion in FY2006, would be increased by $114
million.
House Bill. For the related agencies of the L-HHS-ED bill, the House bill, as
reported, differs from the President’s budget request by at least $100 million for only
one program. The SSA Administrative Expenses would receive $6.3 billion, $141
million less than requested; these activities were funded at $6.4 billion in FY2006.

Senate Bill. As reported, the Senate bill differs from the House bill by at least
$100 million for several programs administered by the L-HHS-ED related agencies.
^!The CPB would receive $400 million in advance appropriations for
FY2009. No funds were requested, and no funds would be provided
by the House; $400 million was appropriated in FY2006 for
FY2008.
^!SSA Administrative Expenses would be funded at $6.2 billion, $158
million less than the House amount of $6.3 billion; $6.5 billion was
requested; and $6.4 billion was provided in FY2006.
CRS Products
CRS Report RS22168, The Corporation for Public Broadcasting: Federal Funding
Facts and Status, by Glenn J. McLoughlin.
CRS Report RL31320, Federal Aid to Libraries in the Museum and Library Services
Act of 2003, by Gail McCallion.
CRS Report RL33544, Social Security Reform: Current Issues and Legislation, by
Dawn Nuschler.
Websites
Note: Not all of the websites for the related agencies of L-HHS-ED appropriations
include FY2007 budget information.
Committee for Purchase From People Who Are Blind or Severely Disabled
[ http://www.jwod.gov/jwod/index .html]
Corporation for National and Community Service
[ http://www.cns.gov]
Corporation for Public Broadcasting
[ h ttp://www.cpb.org]
Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service
[ http://www.fmcs.gov/internet/]
Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Committee
[ http://www.fmshrc.gov/]
Institute of Museum and Library Services
[ http://www.imls.gov/]
Medicare Payment Advisory Commission
[ h ttp://www.medpac.gov/]
National Commission on Libraries and Information Science
[http://www.nclis.gov/]

National Council on Disability
[ http://www.ncd.gov/]
National Labor Relations Board
[ h ttp://www.nlrb.gov/nlrb/home/default.asp]
National Mediation Board
[ http://www.nmb.gov/]
Occupational Health and Safety Review Commission
[ http://www.oshrc.gov/]
Railroad Retirement Board
[ h ttp://www.rrb.gov]
Social Security Administration
[ http://www.ssa.gov]
[ http://www.ssa.gov/budget/]
Detailed Appropriations Table
Table 14 shows the appropriations details for offices and major programs of the
L-HHS-ED related agencies.

Table 14. Detailed Related Agencies Appropriations
($ in millions)
^Offi^{ce or m}^a^{jor p}^r^ogram^FY²⁰⁰⁶^enacted^FY²⁰⁰⁷^request^FY²⁰⁰⁷^Hou^s^e^FY²⁰⁰⁷^Sena^t^e^FY²⁰⁰⁷^fiⁿ^a^l
^C^o^m^mⁱ^t^t^{ee f}^o^{r P}^u^rch^a^s^e^F^r^om
^Peopl^{e Wh}^{o A}^r^{e Bl}ⁱⁿ^{d or}^$5^$5^$5^$5
^Sever^e^ly^Disab^l^ed
^C^o^r^por^atⁱ^{on f}^o^r^N^a^tⁱ^onal^{and C}^o^m^m^uni^t^y^Ser^vⁱ^{ce (}^CNCS^{) (a}⁾
^C^N^C^S^Do^m^e^{stic Vo}^luⁿ^t^{eer Serv}^{ice P}^r^o^g^ram^s^(DVSP⁾
^Voluⁿ^t^eersⁱⁿ^Serv^{ice to A}^m^erica⁹⁵⁹⁵⁹⁵⁹⁵
^(VIS^T^A⁾
^N^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^a^l^S^eⁿⁱ^{or V}^o^l^uⁿ^t^{eer C}^o^rps²¹⁸²¹⁸²¹⁸²¹⁸
^D^V^S^{P s}^u^bt^ot^al³¹³³¹³³¹³³¹³
^{CNCS Natio}ⁿ^a^{l an}^d^Co^m^m^uⁿ^ity^Ser^v^{ice P}^r^o^g^r^a^m^s⁽^N^CSP⁾
^N^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^a^l^S^e^rvⁱ^{ce T}^r^u^s^t¹³⁹¹²⁵¹²⁵¹²⁵
^A^m^eri^C^orps^G^r^an^t^s²⁶⁵²⁵⁹²¹⁸²⁵⁹
^Natioⁿ^a^{l Civ}^ilian^Co^m^m^uⁿ^ity²⁷⁵²⁷²⁷
^Co^r^p^s
^N^C^S^P^,^o^t^h^e^r⁸⁴⁷⁴⁶⁷⁷⁷
^N^C^S^P^s^u^bt^ot^al⁵¹⁵⁴⁶³⁴³⁷⁴⁸⁸
^C^N^C^S^{, ot}^h^e^r⁷²⁷⁵⁷³⁷⁶
^C^N^C^S^s^u^bt^ot^al⁹⁰⁰⁸⁵¹⁸²³⁸⁷⁷
^Co^r^p^o^r^atioⁿ^f^o^r^P^u^b^lic
^B^r^oadcas^tin^g^(C^P^B^{), tw}^o-^y^ear⁴⁰⁰⁰⁰⁴⁰⁰
^A^d^v^aⁿ^{ce f}^o^{r F}^Y^{2009 (cu}^rren^t
^requ^es^t⁾^wⁱ^t^h^F^Y^{2008 com}^p^arabl^e
^C^{PB FY}^{2009 r}^e^s^cⁱ^s^sⁱ^{on (}^non-add)⁰^-⁵⁰⁰⁰
^C^{PB FY}^{2008 r}^e^s^cⁱ^s^sⁱ^{on (}^non-add)⁰^-⁵⁴⁰⁰
^C^{PB advance f}^o^r^FY^{2008 w}ⁱ^t^h⁴⁰⁰⁴⁰⁰⁴⁰⁰⁴⁰⁰
^FY^{2007 com}^par^abl^{e (}^non-add)
^C^{PB advance f}^o^r^FY^{2007 w}ⁱ^t^h³⁹⁶⁴⁰⁰⁴⁰⁰⁴⁰⁰
^FY^{2006 com}^par^abl^{e (}^non-add)
^CP^B^Dig^italizatioⁿ^P^r^o^g^r^a^m³⁰⁰⁰³⁰
^CP^B^Iⁿ^ter^c^oⁿⁿ^ectioⁿ³⁵⁰⁰³⁶
^Fed^e^r^a^{l Med}ⁱ^atioⁿ^an^d⁴³⁴³⁴³⁴³
^Coⁿ^c^iliatioⁿ^Ser^v^ice
^Fed^e^r^a^{l Min}^e^Saf^e^ty^an^d^Health⁸⁸⁸⁸
^Revⁱ^ew^Co^m^m^ittee
^Iⁿ^stitu^{te o}^f^Mu^seu^m^an^d^Lⁱ^b^r^ar^y²⁴⁷²⁶²²⁸⁰²⁶⁰
^S^e^rvⁱ^ces^(IML^S⁾
^{Medicare P}^a^y^m^en^{t A}^d^vⁱ^s^o^ry¹⁰¹⁰¹⁰¹⁰
^C^o^mmi^s^sⁱ^oⁿ
^Natioⁿ^a^{l Co}^m^mⁱ^ssioⁿ^oⁿ^Lⁱ^b^r^ar^ies¹¹¹¹
^an^d^Iⁿ^f^o^r^m^atioⁿ^Scien^c^e
^Natioⁿ^a^{l Co}^uⁿ^c^{il o}ⁿ^Disab^ility³³³³
^N^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^a^l^L^a^{bor R}^e^l^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s^Board²⁵⁰²⁵⁰²⁵⁰²⁵⁰

^Offi^{ce or m}^a^{jor p}^r^ogram^FY²⁰⁰⁶^enacted^FY²⁰⁰⁷^request^FY²⁰⁰⁷^Hou^s^e^FY²⁰⁰⁷^Sena^t^e^FY²⁰⁰⁷^fiⁿ^a^l
^Natioⁿ^a^{l Med}ⁱ^atioⁿ^B^o^ar^d¹²¹²¹²¹³
^Occu^p^a^tioⁿ^a^{l Saf}^e^ty^an^d^Health¹⁰¹⁰¹¹¹⁰
^Re^vie^w^Co^m^mⁱ^ssioⁿ
^R^aⁱ^l^r^{oad R}^e^tⁱ^r^em^en^t^Board¹⁹⁸¹⁹³¹⁹³¹⁹³
^Soci^a^l^Securⁱ^t^y^Admⁱⁿⁱ^s^t^r^a^tⁱ^{on (}^SSA)⁽^b⁾
^SSA^P^a^y^m^en^ts^{to Social Secu}^rity²⁰²⁸²⁸²⁸
^T^r^ust^Fund⁽^m^aⁿ^d^a^t^o^r^y⁾
^SSA^Su^pplem^en^{tal Secu}^rity^37,746^42,931^42,931^42,931
^In^com^e^(S^S^{I) (m}^an^dat^o^ry⁾
^S^S^A^S^S^I^{, D}ⁱ^s^c^retⁱ^oⁿ^a^ry^2,733^3,004^2,944^2,902
^S^S^A^S^S^I^s^u^bt^ot^al^40,479^45,935^45,875^45,833
^S^S^A^A^d^mⁱⁿⁱ^s^t^ratⁱ^v^{e Ex}^pen^s^es^6,376^6,490^6,349^6,191
^{SSA M}^e^di^car^e^Ref^o^r^m^Fundi^ng
⁽^c^ar^r^y^over^f^r^om^FY^{2003, non-}¹⁰¹⁰⁰⁰
^add)⁽^c⁾
^SSA^Of^fⁱ^{ce of}^In^s^p^{ector Gen}^e^ral⁹¹⁹⁶⁹⁴⁹¹
^S^S^A^s^u^bt^ot^al^46,967^52,549^52,346^52,143
^TO^TA^LS,^R^E^LA^TED^A^G^EN^C^I^ES
^T^o^t^a^l^appropri^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s^(d)^49,117^54,197^53,985^54,282
^C^u^rren^t^y^{ear f}^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^37,607^37,387^37,175^37,072
^Oⁿ^e-^y^{ear adv}^aⁿ^{ce f}^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^11,110^16,810^16,810^16,810
^T^w^o-^y^{ear adv}^aⁿ^{ce f}^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g⁴⁰⁰⁰⁰⁴⁰⁰
^Source:^A^m^ouⁿ^t^s^{are bas}^e^{d on}^th^e^J^uⁿ^e^{13, 2006, table of}^th^{e Hou}^s^{e C}^o^m^m^{ittee on}^A^ppropriation^s^,
^ex^cept^S^eⁿ^a^t^e^am^ouⁿ^t^s^{are bas}^e^{d on}^S^.^R^e^pt^{. 109-}^{287. F}^Y²⁰⁰⁶^am^ouⁿ^t^s^ref^l^ect^t^h^e^1%^cu^t^requⁱ^r^ed
^by^P.L^.^109-^148;^h^o^w^e^v^e^{r, t}^h^ey^{do n}^o^t^y^e^tⁱⁿ^cl^u^d^{e al}^l^F^Y^{2006 s}^u^ppl^em^en^t^a^l^appropri^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^s^.
^a^.^T^h^r^o^{ugh FY}^{2005, C}^N^C^S^A^m^e^rⁱ^C^orps^G^r^an^t^s^an^{d ot}^h^e^{r prog}^ram^s^uⁿ^d^{er t}^h^{e N}^a^tⁱ^oⁿ^a^l^an^d
^Co^m^m^uni^t^y^Se^r^vⁱ^c^e^A^c^t^w^e^r^e^fund^e^dⁱⁿ^t^h^e^V^e^t^e^r^a^{ns A}^ffaⁱ^r^s-H^o^usi^{ng a}ⁿ^d^U^r^b^a^{n D}^e^ve^l^o^p^m^eⁿ^t
^(VA^-^{HUD) A}^ppropriation^s^A^c^{t. A}^{ll C}^N^C^S^prog^ram^s^{are f}^uⁿ^d^{ed in}^L^-^HHS^-^E^{D in}^F^Y^2006.
^b^.^T^h^e^o^p^e^r^a^tⁱ^o^{n o}^f^t^h^e^S^o^cⁱ^a^l^S^e^c^u^rⁱ^t^y^t^r^ust^fund^{s i}^s^c^o^nsi^d^e^r^e^d^o^ff-b^ud^ge^t^,^b^u^t^t^h^e^S^o^cⁱ^a^l^S^e^c^u^rⁱ^t^y
^A^d^mⁱⁿⁱ^s^t^ratⁱ^oⁿ^(S^S^A^{) S}^u^ppl^em^en^t^a^l^S^ecu^ri^t^y^In^com^e^(S^S^{I) prog}^ram^,^S^S^A^A^d^mⁱⁿⁱ^s^t^ratⁱ^v^e
^Ex^p^eⁿ^s^{es, an}^d^cer^tain^r^e^lated^SSA^activ^{ities ar}^{e in}^clu^d^ed^uⁿ^d^er^L^-^HHS-^E^{D r}^e^lated^ag^en^cies.
^{c. SSA}^Medica^r^e^R^e^fo^r^m^F^uⁿ^dⁱⁿ^g^s^t^artu^{p cos}^t^s^w^e^{re s}^e^parately^f^uⁿ^d^edⁱⁿ^{FY2005; s}^u^ch^activ^ities
^w^e^{re com}^bⁱⁿ^{ed u}ⁿ^d^{er t}^h^{e reg}^u^l^{ar S}^S^A^A^d^mⁱⁿⁱ^s^t^ratⁱ^v^{e Ex}^pen^s^es^s^t^artⁱⁿ^gⁱⁿ^F^Y^2006.
^d^.^A^p^p^r^o^p^r^iatioⁿ^s^to^t^a^l^sⁱⁿ^clu^d^{e d}ⁱ^scr^e^tioⁿ^a^r^y^an^d^m^aⁿ^d^ato^r^y^f^uⁿ^d^{s, an}^d^ar^{e su}^b^j^{ect to}^ad^d^itioⁿ^a^l
^s^c^orek^eepin^g^an^{d oth}^e^{r adj}^u^s^t^m^eⁿ^t^s^.

Appendix A. Terminology and Web Resources
The following items include some of the key budget terms used in this report;
they are based on CRS Report 98-720, Manual on the Federal Budget Process, by
Robert Keith and Allen Schick. The websites provide general information on the
federal budget and appropriations.
Advance appropriation is budget authority that will become available in a fiscal
year beyond the fiscal year for which the appropriations act is enacted; scorekeeping
counts the entire amount in the fiscal year it first becomes available for obligation.
Appropriation is budget authority that permits federal agencies to incur obligations
and to make payments out of the Treasury for specified purposes. Appropriations
represent the amounts that agencies may obligate during the period of time specified
in the law. Annual appropriations are provided in appropriations acts; most
permanent appropriations are provided in substantive law. Major types of
appropriations are regular, supplemental, and continuing.
Budget authority is legal authority to incur financial obligations that normally result
in the outlay of federal government funds. Major types of budget authority are
appropriations, borrowing authority, and contract authority. Budget authority also
includes the subsidy cost to the federal government of direct loans and loan
guarantees, estimated on a net present value basis.
Budget resolution is a concurrent resolution passed by both Houses of Congress, but
not requiring the signature of the President, setting forth the congressional budget for
at least five fiscal years. It includes various budget totals and functional allocations.
Discretionary spending is budget authority provided in annual appropriations acts,
other than appropriated entitlements.
Entitlement authority is the authority to make payments to persons, businesses, or
governments that meet the eligibility criteria established by law; as such, it represents
a legally binding obligation on the part of the federal government. Entitlement
authority may be funded by either annual or permanent appropriations acts.
Forward funding is budget authority that becomes available after the beginning of
the fiscal year for which the appropriation is enacted and remains available into the
next fiscal year; the entire amount is counted or scored in the fiscal year in which it
first becomes available.
Mandatory (direct) spending includes (a) budget authority provided in laws other
than appropriations; (b) entitlement authority; and (c) the Food Stamp program.
Rescission is the cancellation of budget authority previously enacted.
Scorekeeping is a set of procedures for tracking and reporting on the status of
congressional budgetary actions.

Supplemental appropriation is budget authority provided in an appropriations act
that provides funds that are in addition to regular appropriations.
Websites
General information on budget and appropriations may be found at these
websites. Specific L-HHS-ED agency sites are listed in relevant sections of this
report.
House Committees
[ http://appropriations.house.gov/]
[ http://budget.house.gov/]
[ h ttp://www.house.gov/budget_democrats/]
Senate Committees
[http://appropriations.senat e.gov/]
[ h ttp://www.senate.gov/ ~budget/republican/]
[ h ttp://www.senate.gov/ ~budget/democratic/]
Congressional Budget Office (CBO)
[ http://www.cbo.gov]
Congressional Research Service (CRS)
[ http://apps.crs.gov/cli/level _2.aspx ? PRDS_CLI_ITEM_ID=73]
Government Accountability Office (GAO)
[ http://www.gao.gov/]
Government Printing Office (GPO)
[ h ttp://www.gpoaccess.gov/usbudget/]
Office of Management & Budget (OMB)
[ http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/index .html]
[ http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/legi slative/sap/index .html]

Appendix B. Context of L-HHS-ED Appropriations
Budget authority for all federal programs was estimated at $2,757.8 billion for
FY2006. Budget authority for all L-HHS-ED departments and related agencies was
estimated at $1,413.8 billion, or slightly more than half — 51.3% — of the federal
total. Table B.1 shows budget authority by agency for L-HHS-ED agencies; Table
B.2 shows sources of budget authority for L-HHS-ED agencies, as discussed below.
Table B.1. L-HHS-ED Budget Authority by Agency, FY2006
(Estimated current year budget authority in billions of dollars)
^E^s^ti^m^a^ted^{% o}^f^L-^{% o}^f
^Bu^d^g^{et au}^th^ori^t^{y b}^y^agen^c^y^au^th^ori^t^y^HHS^-E^D^federal
^T^o^{tal federal budget authority}^$2,757.8^—^100.0%
^D^e^part^m^eⁿ^t^of^L^a^bor^51.3³^.6%¹^.9%
^D^e^part^m^eⁿ^t^of^H^eal^t^h^an^{d H}^u^m^aⁿ^S^e^rvⁱ^ces^676.9^47.9%^24.5%
^D^e^part^m^eⁿ^t^of^Edu^catⁱ^oⁿ^88.6⁶^.3%³^.2%
^{Social Secu}^rity^A^d^mⁱⁿⁱ^s^t^ration^(On^-^bu^dg^et)^53.0³^.7%¹^.9%
^S^o^cⁱ^a^l^S^e^c^u^rⁱ^t^y^Ad^mⁱⁿⁱ^st^r^a^tⁱ^o^{n (}^O^ff-b^ud^ge^t⁾^541.8^38.3%^19.6%
^Oth^e^{r L}^-^HHS-^E^{D related ag}^en^cies^2.2⁰^.2%⁰^.1%
^L^-^HHS^-E^D^agen^c^{y total}^$1,413.8^100.0%^51.3%
^Sources^:^Hⁱ^s^t^ori^cal^T^a^bl^es^:^Bu^dg^et^of^t^h^{e U}ⁿⁱ^t^e^{d S}^t^at^es^G^o^v^e^rn^m^eⁿ^t^,^Fⁱ^s^cal^Y^{ear 2007, T}^a^bl^{e 5.2,}
^an^{d H}^.^R^e^pt^{. 109-}^{515, Ju}ⁿ^e^{20, 2}^{006, w}^hⁱ^c^h^provⁱ^d^es^det^aⁱ^l^s^f^o^{r t}^h^{e F}^Y^{2006 L}^-^H^H^S^-^E^D^am^ouⁿ^t^s
^uⁿ^d^{er P.L}^.^109-^{149, adj}^u^s^t^{ed f}^o^{r redu}^ctⁱ^oⁿ^s^requⁱ^r^{ed by}^P.L^.^109-^148.
^No^te:^{For com}^p^arability^{, th}^is^{table u}^s^e^s^d^a^t^a^fr^o^m^th^{e Feb. 2006 OMB}^bu^dg^{et docu}^m^en^ts^an^d
^co^m^p^ar^ab^{le L}^-^HHS-^E^D^d^o^c^u^m^en^{ts; th}^{e d}^a^{ta th}^eref^{ore do n}^o^{t in}^clu^d^{e an}^y^adj^u^s^t^m^eⁿ^t^s^f^o^r
^s^c^orek^eepin^g^,^en^titlem^eⁿ^t^s^,^res^c^is^sⁱ^on^s^,^{or s}^u^pplem^en^{tal appropriat}ⁱ^oⁿ^s^bey^oⁿ^d^th^os^{e of}^P^.^L^.^109-^149.
Table B.2. L-HHS-ED Budget Authority by Source, FY2006
(Estimated current year budget authority in billions of dollars)
^E^s^ti^m^a^ted^{% o}^f^L-^{% o}^f
^Bu^d^g^{et au}^th^ori^t^{y b}^y^s^o^u^rce^au^th^ori^t^y^HHS^-E^D^federal
^T^o^{tal federal budget authority}^$2,757.8^—^100.0%
^L^-^HHS-^E^{D bill, cu}^rren^{t y}^{ear dis}^c^retion^a^ry^f^uⁿ^d^s^147.2^10.4%^5.3%
^L^-^HHS-^E^{D bill, cu}^rren^{t y}^{ear m}^aⁿ^d^atory^f^uⁿ^d^s^460.3^32.6%^16.7%
^L^-^HHS-E^{D a}^u^tho^r^ity^fr^o^m^o^t^he^r^a^nnua^{l b}^ills⁴^.⁷⁰^.³^%⁰^.²^%
^L-H^H^S^-E^D^a^g^eⁿ^c^y^r^e^m^aⁱⁿ^d^e^r^no^t^fr^o^m^aⁿ^y^a^nnua^l^bⁱ^l^l^801.6^56.7%^29.1%
^L^-^HHS^-E^D^agen^c^{y total}^$1,413.8^100.0%^51.3%
^Sources^:^Hⁱ^s^t^ori^cal^T^a^bl^es^:^Bu^dg^et^of^t^h^{e U}ⁿⁱ^t^e^{d S}^t^at^es^G^o^v^e^rn^m^eⁿ^t^{, F}ⁱ^s^cal^Y^{ear 2007, T}^a^bl^e^5.2,
^an^{d H}^.^R^e^pt^{. 109-}^{515, Ju}ⁿ^e^{20, 2006, w}^hⁱ^c^h^provⁱ^d^es^det^aⁱ^l^s^f^o^{r t}^h^{e F}^Y^{2006 L}^-^H^H^S^-^E^D^am^ouⁿ^t^s
^uⁿ^d^{er P.L}^.^109-^{149, adj}^u^s^t^{ed f}^o^{r redu}^ctⁱ^oⁿ^s^requⁱ^r^{ed by}^P.L^.^109-^148.
^No^te:^F^o^r^com^p^arability^{, th}^is^{table u}^s^es^{data f}^r^om^th^{e Feb. 2006 OMB}^bu^dg^{et docu}^m^en^ts^aⁿ^d
^com^p^{arable L}^-^HHS-^E^{D docu}^m^en^ts^{; th}^{e data th}^eref^{ore do n}^o^{t in}^clu^d^{e an}^y^addition^a^{l FY2006}
^ad^j^u^stm^eⁿ^t^{s f}^o^r^sco^r^ek^eepⁱⁿ^g^,^en^titlem^eⁿ^t^{s, r}^e^scissioⁿ^{s, o}^r^su^p^p^l^em^en^{tal ap}^p^r^o^p^r^iatioⁿ^s^.

The L-HHS-ED appropriations subcommittees generally had effective control
over only the $147.2 billion in FY2006 current year discretionary funds (10.4% of
the L-HHS-ED agency total, 5.3% of the federal total), as indicated in Table B.2.
What accounts for the remaining $1,266.6 billion of L-HHS-ED agency funds (89.6%
of the L-HHS-ED agency total, 45.9% of the federal total)?
First, entitlements and other mandatory programs account for three-quarters of
the L-HHS-ED bill total — $460.3 billion (32.6% of the L-HHS-ED agency total,
16.7% of the federal total). Appropriations are enacted for these mandatory activities
annually — they are sometimes called “appropriated entitlements” — but the
amounts provided generally must be sufficient to cover entitlements to beneficiaries
and other mandatory obligations. Federal administrative costs for these programs
are, however, subject to annual discretionary appropriations. The major L-HHS-ED
programs in this category include Supplemental Security Income, Black Lung
Disability payments, Foster Care and Adoption, the Social Services Block Grant,
Vocational Rehabilitation, and general fund support for Medicare and Medicaid.
Second, other appropriations bills account for a small portion of L-HHS-ED
agency funding — $4.7 billion (0.3% of the L-HHS-ED agency total, 0.2% of the
federal total). Two HHS agencies are fully funded through other appropriations bills,
and two HHS programs are partially funded by bills other than L-HHS-ED, as
described below. Prior to FY2006, the Corporation for National and Community
Service (CNCS) was partially funded outside of the L-HHS-ED bill.
^!The HHS Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is funded by
Agriculture appropriations ($1.5 billion in FY2006).
^!The HHS Indian Health Service (IHS) is funded by Interior
appropriations ($3.0 billion in FY2006).
^!The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is primarily
funded under L-HHS-ED ($6.1 billion in FY2006); it also receives
funds from Interior appropriations for the Agency for Toxic
Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) ($75 million in
FY2006).
^!The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is primarily funded under
L-HHS-ED ($28.3 billion in FY2006); it also receives funds from
Interior appropriations for the National Institute of Environmental
Health Sciences (NIEHS) ($79 million in FY2006).
Third, remaining L-HHS-ED agency funds are provided without additional
legislative action and provided automatically outside of the annual appropriations
process — $801.6 billion (56.7% of the L-HHS-ED agency total, 29.1% of the
federal total). These funds are provided through trust funds and other mandatory
authorities. The major L-HHS-ED programs in this category include Unemployment
Compensation, Medicare, Railroad Retirement, Temporary Assistance for Needy
Families (TANF, the welfare assistance program), Student Loans, State Children’s
Health Insurance, and Social Security benefits. Funding levels for these programs,
as well as for the appropriated entitlements discussed above, generally are not
changed through appropriations committees or legislation. Rather, funding is
modified by amending authorization statutes; such changes typically are made
through authorizing committees and the budget reconciliation process.