Current Law and Selected Proposals Extending Unemployment Compensation

Current Law and Selected Proposals Extending
Unemployment Compensation
Updated July 21, 2008
Julie M. Whittaker
Specialist in Income Security
Domestic Social Policy Division



Current Law and Selected Proposals
Extending Unemployment Compensation
Summary
This report examines recent proposals to create a new temporary extension of
unemployment compensation. The recent proposals to temporarily extend the
duration of Unemployment Compensation (UC) include the proposal in the Senate
Committee on Finance Report of the Economic Stimulus Act of 2008 dated January
30, 2008, H.R. 4934, S. 2544, H.R. 5688, H.R. 5749, and H.R. 2642. H.R. 2642 was
signed into law on June 30, 2008.
Only sections in the proposals that relate to the extension of unemployment
benefits are detailed. Thus, only portions of H.R. 4934 (Title I-Emergency
Unemployment Compensation, Title II-Increased Unemployment Benefits) and the
Senate Committee on Finance proposal (Title I-Temporary Extended Unemployment
Compensation), and H.R. 2642 (Title IV- Emergency Unemployment Compensation)
that directly relate to extending the duration of unemployment benefits are included.
Matters concerning fraud and overpayments are not discussed.
On June 30, 2008, the President signed H.R. 2642 into law (P.L. 110-252). The
provisions concerning unemployment compensation were substantially changed from
previous versions of the bill. The law extends unemployment benefits for 13 weeks
and does not contain additional weeks of benefits for high-unemployment states.
This report will not be updated.



Contents
In troduction ......................................................1
Current Law......................................................1
The Extended Benefit (EB) Program...............................2
Methods for Determining 20 Weeks of Full-Time Insured
Employment ..........................................3
Financing Unemployment Benefits................................3
Extending Unemployment Compensation Proposals.......................4
Temporary Extension of Unemployment Benefits.....................4
How the Benefit Triggers On ....................................4
Financing ....................................................4
List of Tables
Table 1. Current Law and Selected Comparisons of Proposals
Temporarily Extending Unemployment Benefits.....................5



Current Law and Selected Proposals
Extending Unemployment Compensation
Introduction
This report examines recent proposals that would create a new temporary
extension of unemployment compensation. The recent proposals to temporarily
extend the duration of Unemployment Compensation (UC) include the proposal in
the Senate Committee on Finance Report of the Economic Stimulus Act of 2008123
dated January 30, 2008, H.R. 4934, S. 2544, H.R. 5688, H.R. 5749, and H.R. 2642.
Only sections in the proposals that relate to the extension of unemployment
benefits are detailed. Thus, only portions of H.R. 4934 (Title I- Emergency
Unemployment Compensation and Title II-Increased Unemployment Benefits), the
Senate Committee on Finance proposal (Title I-Temporary Extended Unemployment
Compensation), and H.R. 2642 (Title IV- Emergency Unemployment Compensation)
that directly relate to extending the duration of unemployment benefits are included.
Matters concerning fraud and overpayments are not discussed.
On June 30, 2008, the President signed H.R. 2642 into law (P.L. 110-252). The
provisions concerning unemployment compensation were substantially changed from
previous versions of the bill. The law creates the temporary Emergency
Unemployment Compensation (EUC08) program and temporarily extends
unemployment benefits for 13 weeks. The law does not contain additional weeks of
benefits for high-unemployment states.4
Current Law
The Unemployment Compensation (UC) program, funded by both federal and
state payroll taxes, pays benefits to covered workers who become involuntarily
unemployed for economic reasons and meet state-established eligibility rules. Federal


1 This proposal was downloaded on April 8, 2008, from [http://www.senate.gov/~finance/
sitepages/leg/ LEG%202008/FINAL%20Origi nal%20Bill.pdf].
2 As reported out by the House Committee on Rules on June 11, 2008, downloaded from
[ h t t p : / / www.r u l e s.house.go v/ 110/ r e pt / 110_hr 5749r pt .pdf ] .
3 For a detailed summary on how Congress has acted to extend unemployment benefits
during economic recessions, see CRS Report RL34340, Extending Unemployment
Compensation Benefits During Recessions, by Julie M. Whittaker.
4 For a complete explanation of the new program and benefits, see CRS Report RS22915,
Emergency Unemployment Compensation (EUC08), by Julie M. Whittaker.

administration of UC is under the purview of the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL).
Federal law sets broad rules that the 53 state programs must follow.5
The Extended Benefit (EB) Program
The EB program, established by P.L. 91-373 (26 U.S.C. 3304), may extend UC
benefits at the state level if certain economic conditions exist within the state.
Although the EB program is not currently active in any state, it — like the UC
program — is permanently authorized. The EB program is triggered when a state’s
insured unemployment rate (IUR) or total unemployment rate (TUR) reaches certain
levels.6 All states must pay up to 13 weeks of EB if the IUR for the previous 13
weeks is at least 5% and is 120% of the average rate for the same 13-week period in
each of the previous 2 years. There are two other thresholds that states may choose.
(States may choose one, both, or neither option.) Under these options, the state
would provide the following:
!Option 1: An additional 13 weeks of benefits if the state’s IUR is at
least 6%, regardless of previous years’ averages.
!Option 2: An additional 13 weeks of benefits if the state’s TUR is at
least 6.5% and is at least 110% of the state’s average TUR for the
same 13-weeks in either of the previous two years; or an additional
20 weeks of benefits if the state’s TUR is at least 8% and is at least
110% of the state’s average TUR for the same 13 weeks in either of
the previous two years.
The EB program imposes additional restrictions on individual eligibility for
benefits. It requires that a worker be actively searching and available for work.
Furthermore, the worker may not receive benefits if the worker refused an offer of
suitable work. Finally, claimants must have recorded least 20 weeks of full-time
insured employment or the equivalent in insured wages during their base period.


5 For details on the Unemployment Compensation (UC) program and other unemployment
benefits see CRS Report RL33362, Unemployment Insurance: Available Unemployment
Benefits and Legislative Activity, by Julie M. Whittaker.
6 The TUR is essentially a version of the seasonally adjusted unemployment rate published
by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. That is, the ratio of the total number of unemployed
persons divided by the total number of employed and unemployed persons. The IUR is the
ratio of all workers currently receiving regular UC benefits to the total UC-covered
workforce. The IUR is based on UC program data collected by the states and compiled by
the Employment and Training Administration. The IUR is substantially different from the
TUR because it excludes several important groups: self-employed workers, unpaid family
workers, workers in certain not-for-profit organizations, and several categories of workers.
In addition to those unemployed workers whose last jobs were in excluded employment, the
IUR excludes the following: those who have exhausted their UC benefits, new entrants or
reentrants to the labor force, disqualified workers whose unemployment resulted from their
own actions rather than from economic conditions, and eligible unemployed persons who
do not file for benefits.

Methods for Determining 20 Weeks of Full-Time Insured
Employment. States use one, two, or three different methods for determining an
“equivalent” to 20 weeks of full-time insured employment. These methods are
described in both law (Section 202(a)(5) of the EUCA) and regulation (20 CFR
615.4(b)). In practice, states that require any of these three requirements for receipt
of regular UC benefits and do not allow for exceptions to those requirements do not
need to establish that the worker met the 20 weeks full-time insured employment.
The three methods are listed below.
!earnings in the base period equal to at least 1.5 times the high-
quarter wages; or
!earnings in the base period of at least 40 times the most recent
weekly benefit amount, and if this alternative is adopted, it shall use
the weekly benefit amount (including dependents’ allowances)
payable for a week of total unemployment (before any reduction
because of earnings, pensions or other requirements) that applied to
the most recent week of regular benefits; or
!earnings in the base period equal to at least 20 weeks of full-time
insured employment, and if this alternative is adopted, the term
“full-time” shall have the meaning provided by the state law.
The base period may be the regular base period or, if applicable in the state, the
period may be the alternative base period or the extended base period if that
determined the regular UC benefit.
The underlying reasoning behind the requirements seems to be the following.
!Because there are 13 weeks in a quarter, 1.5 times the high-quarter
wage is roughly equivalent to 1.5 times 13 weeks of wages or about
20 weeks of wages. (Many states require high quarterly earnings of
under $2,000, which is equivalent to less than $4/hour under full-
time assumptions. This is less than the federal minimum wage of
$5.85/hour.)
!Similarly, because the weekly benefit amount is roughly equivalent
to half the average weekly wage, 40 times the weekly benefit amount
is roughly equivalent to 20 weeks of wages.
Financing Unemployment Benefits
UC benefits are financed through employer taxes. The federal taxes on
employers are under the authority of the Federal Unemployment Tax Act (FUTA),
and the state taxes are under the authority given by the State Unemployment Tax
Acts (SUTA). These taxes are deposited in the appropriate accounts within the U.S.
Treasury’s Unemployment Trust Fund (UTF).
The federal tax pays for both federal and state administrative costs, the federal
share of the extended benefit (EB) program (50%), loans to insolvent state UC
accounts, and state employment services. The state tax pays for the regular UC
benefit and the state share of the EB program (50%).



Extending Unemployment
Compensation Proposals
Temporary Extension of Unemployment Benefits
In general, these proposals would entitle certain unemployed individuals to
temporary extended unemployment benefits that are not available under current law
and would expire in approximately one year. Table 1 provides a summary of each
of these proposals.
All proposals would require that workers had exhausted all rights to regular UC
benefits. All proposals have some type of “look-back” provision where workers who
had exhausted UC benefits (generally around one year previous to the proposal) may
be eligible for the temporary benefit. At the program’s termination, all workers who
were currently receiving the extended benefit would receive their full weeks of
entitlement; those workers who exhausted UC benefits after the termination would
not be eligible for the temporary extension.
The base level of benefit ranges from 13 weeks (the Senate Committee on
Finance proposal, H.R. 4934, H.R. 5749, P.L. 110-252/H.R. 2642) to 20 weeks (S.
2544). An exception is H.R. 5688, which requires states to select various state-level
triggers and then meet certain economic conditions.
All proposals, with the exception of H.R. 4934 and the final version of H.R.
2642, have some type of mechanism to declare certain states to be in a period of high
unemployment based on certain unemployment statistics. Workers in those high
unemployment states would then be eligible for an additional extension of
unemployment benefits.
How the Benefit Triggers On
The Senate Committee on Finance proposal, S. 2544, H.R. 5749, and H.R. 2642
would all create a national entitlement of additional unemployment benefits upon
enactment. H.R. 4934 would trigger a new national entitlement on the first day of
the first month where the change in unemployed persons as compared to the previous
year exceeds one million. H.R. 5688 would trigger solely on a state basis as
determined by certain unemployment statistics detailed in Table 1.
Financing
Most proposals would finance the temporary extension of unemployment
benefits through the federal accounts within the UTF (100% federally funded). H.R.
5688 would fund 50% up to 100% of the additional benefits through the federal
accounts within the UTF. Table 1 details the conditions H.R. 5688 requires for its
funding level.



CRS-5
Table 1. Current Law and Selected Comparisons of Proposals Temporarily Extending Unemployment Benefits
Senate Finance
Committee Report,H.R. 4934,S. 2544,H.R. 5749,
Current Law: January 30, 2008, EmergencyEmergencyEmergencyP.L. 110-252
P.L. 91-373Title II TemporaryUnemploymentUnemploymentH.R. 5688, TargetedExtended(H.R. 2642),
(26 U.S.C. 3304, note)ExtendedCompensationCompensationAssistance to RestoreUnemploymentSupplemental
Program Extended Benefit (EB)UnemploymentAct of 2008, TitleAct of 2008,Growth in EmploymentCompensation ActAppropriations
FeatureProgram CompensationITitle IIThroughout 2008 Act of 2008 Act, 2008, Title IV
w proposalThe EB program mayCreates a newCreates a newCreates a newCreates a new temporaryCreates a newCreates a new
tendsextend unemployment (UC)temporary extendedtemporarytemporaryextended unemploymenttemporary extendedtemporary extended
mploymentbenefits at the state level ifunemploymentextendedextendedbenefit if state economicunemploymentunemployment
nefitscertain economic conditionsbenefit. unemploymentunemploymenttrigger is met. benefit. benefit.
exist within the state. TheBegins withbenefit if federalbenefit.Begins the week on or afterBegins withBegins with
EB program is permanentlyenactment.economic triggerBegins withApril 1, 2008.enactment.enactment.
iki/CRS-RL34460authorized.Ends the weekis met. enactment. Ends the week beginningEnds the weekEnds the week
g/wending on or beforeDecember 31, 2008. Begins withenactment. Ends one yearlater.before March 31, 2009.ending on or beforeMarch 31, 2009. ending on or beforeMarch 31, 2009
s.orNo benefits after theEnds the weekNo benefits pastNo benefits past theNo benefits past the
leakweek of March 31,ending on or18 months ofweek of June 30,week of June 30,
2009. before Decemberenactment.2009.2009.


://wikiNo additional31, 2008.
httpunemploymentbenefits to those not
already receiving the
benefits on
December 31, 2008.

CRS-6
Senate Finance
Committee Report,H.R. 4934,S. 2544,H.R. 5749,
Current Law: January 30, 2008, EmergencyEmergencyEmergencyP.L. 110-252
P.L. 91-373Title II TemporaryUnemploymentUnemploymentH.R. 5688, TargetedExtended(H.R. 2642),
(26 U.S.C. 3304, note)ExtendedCompensationCompensationAssistance to RestoreUnemploymentSupplemental
Program Extended Benefit (EB)UnemploymentAct of 2008, TitleAct of 2008,Growth in EmploymentCompensation ActAppropriations
FeatureProgram CompensationITitle IIThroughout 2008 Act of 2008 Act, 2008, Title IV
ibilityExhausted regular UCExhausted regularExhausted regularExhaustedExhausted regular UCExhausted regularExhausted regular
benefits. Benefit year mustUC benefits.UC benefits. regular UCbenefits. UC benefits.UC benefits.
have ended on or after EBbenefits.
program is triggered. Benefit year endedBenefit year endedBenefit year ended on orBenefit year endedBenefit year ended
(Unemployed workers whoon or after Februaryon or after MarchThe bill wouldafter July 1, 2007.on or after May 1,on or after May 1,
had filed for UC benefits up1, 2007. 1, 2007.reach back to2007. 2007.
to one year before the EB(Unemployedthose workers
programtriggered on” inworkers who hadwho had filed an
the state and had exhaustedfiled for benefitsinitial regular
regular UC benefits may beafter February 1,UC claim on or
iki/CRS-RL34460eligible for EB.)2006 and hadexhausted benefitsafter the12-month period
g/wmay be eligible forbefore
s.ortemporary extendedenactment.
leak UC. )
://wikiBeyond requirements forBeyond requirementsNo 20 weekNo 20 weekNo 20 week requirement.No 20 weekBeyond
httpregular UC benefits, thebeneficiary must have 20for regular UCbenefits, therequirement.requirement.requirement.requirements forregular UC benefits,
weeks of full-time insuredbeneficiary mustthe beneficiary must
employment or itshave 20 weeks ofhave 20 weeks of
equivalent. full-time insuredfull-time insured
employment or itsemployment or its
equivalent. equivalent.



CRS-7
Senate Finance
Committee Report,H.R. 4934,S. 2544,H.R. 5749,
Current Law: January 30, 2008, EmergencyEmergencyEmergencyP.L. 110-252
P.L. 91-373Title II TemporaryUnemploymentUnemploymentH.R. 5688, TargetedExtended(H.R. 2642),
(26 U.S.C. 3304, note)ExtendedCompensationCompensationAssistance to RestoreUnemploymentSupplemental
Program Extended Benefit (EB)UnemploymentAct of 2008, TitleAct of 2008,Growth in EmploymentCompensation ActAppropriations
FeatureProgram CompensationITitle IIThroughout 2008 Act of 2008 Act, 2008, Title IV
tential Up to 20 weeks for certainUp to 26 weeks forUp to 26 weeks ifUp to 33 weeksUp to 26 weeks for certainUp to 26 weeks forUp to 13 weeks.


ationhigh unemployment states,certain highnational triggerfor certain highhigh unemployment statescertain high
orunemploymenthas been met.unemploymentthat have opted for all threeunemployment
Up to 13 weeks for otherstates, orstates, ortriggers, orstates, or
states meeting otherUp to 13 weeksUp to 20 weeksUp to 21 weeks for thoseUp to 13 weeks
definitions of highotherwise.otherwise.high unemployment statesotherwise.
unemployment, orthat have opted for both Tier
0 weeks otherwise.II and Tier III triggers, or
Up to 13 weeks for those
high unemployment states
iki/CRS-RL34460that have opted for solelyTier III triggers, or
g/wUp to 8 weeks for those
s.orstates meeting different
leakdefinitions of high
unemployment and have
://wikiopted for the Tier II trigger,
httpor Up to 5 weeks for other
states meeting different
definitions of high
unemployment and have
opted for Tier I trigger, or
0 weeks otherwise.
(Triggers are explained in
detail in the cell on the
following page.)

CRS-8
Senate Finance
Committee Report,H.R. 4934,S. 2544,H.R. 5749,
Current Law: January 30, 2008, EmergencyEmergencyEmergencyP.L. 110-252
P.L. 91-373Title II TemporaryUnemploymentUnemploymentH.R. 5688, TargetedExtended(H.R. 2642),
(26 U.S.C. 3304, note)ExtendedCompensationCompensationAssistance to RestoreUnemploymentSupplemental
Program Extended Benefit (EB)UnemploymentAct of 2008, TitleAct of 2008,Growth in EmploymentCompensation ActAppropriations
FeatureProgram CompensationITitle IIThroughout 2008 Act of 2008 Act, 2008, Title IV
deral andThe EB program is triggeredAll states have atThe first day ofAll states have atIn order to be eligible forAll states have atAll states have up to
te triggers towhen a state’s insuredleast 13 weeks.the first monthleast 20 weeks. benefits states must changeleast 13 weeks.13 weeks.


gin programunemployment rate (IUR) orfollowing anystate law to elect one, two,
total unemployment rateIf the state is in anmonth in whichIf the state is inor three (or none) of theIf the state is in an
(TUR) reaches certainEB period or if thethe number ofan EB period oroptions. If a state choosesEB period or if the
levels. state’s TUR >=6.5%unemployedif the state’sall three options, up to 26state’s TUR >=6%
All states pay up to 13or if the state’s IURpersons age 16 orTUR >=6.5%weeks of benefits may beor the state’s IUR
weeks of EB if the state’s>=4% and is 120%older as comparedthen the durationavailable.>=4% then the
IUR for the previous 13of the average of theto the same monthis increased byTier I: Up to 5 weeks, ifduration is
weeks is at least 5% and isrates for the sameof the previous13 weeks.state TUR >=6.0% and is atincreased by 13
iki/CRS-RL34460120% of the average of therates for the same 13-week13-week period ineach of the 2year exceeds onemillion. least 110% of the statesaverage TUR for the sameweeks.
g/wperiod in each of the 2previous years, then13-weeks in either of the
s.orprevious years. Two otherthe duration isprevious 2 years; or, the
leakoptional thresholds exist. increased by 13IUR >=4% and is 120% of
(States may choose one,weeks.the average of the rates for
://wikiboth, or neither). If chosen,the same 13-week period in
httpthe state would provide: Option 1: Aneach of the 2 previous years; or
additional 13 weeks ofTier II: Up to 8 weeks, if
benefits if the states IUR isstate TUR >=6.3% and is at
at least 6%, regardless ofleast 110% of the states
previous years’ averages. average TUR for the same
Option 2: An13-weeks in either of the
additional 13 weeks ofprevious 2 years; or, the
benefits if the states TUR isIUR >=5% and is 120% of
at least 6.5% and is at leastthe average of the rates for
110% of the states averagethe same 13-week period in
TUR for the same 13-weekseach of the 2 previous years;
in either of the previous 2or
years; or, in a “highTier III: Up to 13 weeks, if
unemployment period,” anstate’s TUR >=6.5% and is
additional 20 weeks ofat least 110% of the states
benefits if the TUR is ataverage TUR for the same
least 8% and is at least13-weeks in either of the
110% of the states averageprevious 2 years; or, the
TUR for the same 13 weeksIUR is 5% and is 120% of

CRS-9
Senate Finance
Committee Report,H.R. 4934,S. 2544,H.R. 5749,
Current Law: January 30, 2008, EmergencyEmergencyEmergencyP.L. 110-252
P.L. 91-373Title II TemporaryUnemploymentUnemploymentH.R. 5688, TargetedExtended(H.R. 2642),
(26 U.S.C. 3304, note)ExtendedCompensationCompensationAssistance to RestoreUnemploymentSupplemental
Program Extended Benefit (EB)UnemploymentAct of 2008, TitleAct of 2008,Growth in EmploymentCompensation ActAppropriations
FeatureProgram CompensationITitle IIThroughout 2008 Act of 2008 Act, 2008, Title IV
her additionsNot Applicable. EBNone.Section 201.S. 2544 wouldNone.None.None.


sic benefitpayments are identical toFederal-Statesupplement
xtendedregular UC benefit levels.Agreements forregular and
nefitIncreasedemergency UC
Unemploymentwith an
Benefits wouldadditional
supplemen t $50/week.
regular and
emergency UC
with an additional
iki/CRS-RL34460$50/week.
g/wOther sections of
s.orthe bill would
leakhave incentives for
states to expand
://wikiUC benefit
httpeligibility. Incentive
payments would
be up to $7 billion.

CRS-10
Senate Finance
Committee Report,H.R. 4934,S. 2544,H.R. 5749,
Current Law: January 30, 2008, EmergencyEmergencyEmergencyP.L. 110-252
P.L. 91-373Title II TemporaryUnemploymentUnemploymentH.R. 5688, TargetedExtended(H.R. 2642),
(26 U.S.C. 3304, note)ExtendedCompensationCompensationAssistance to RestoreUnemploymentSupplemental
Program Extended Benefit (EB)UnemploymentAct of 2008, TitleAct of 2008,Growth in EmploymentCompensation ActAppropriations
FeatureProgram CompensationITitle IIThroughout 2008 Act of 2008 Act, 2008, Title IV
ncingThe federal unemployment100% federally100% federally100% federallyIf a state has opted for100% federally100% federally
cturetax on employers, amongfinanced.financed (both thefinanced (bothsolely the Tier III trigger:financed.financed.
other things, pays theemergency UCthe emergency13-weeks 100% federally
federal share (50%) of theAppropriates federaland the additionalUC and thefinanced.AppropriatesAppropriates
extended benefit (EB)UTF funds as may be$50/week).additionalfederal UTF fundsfederal UTF funds
program. Statenecessary for states$50/week).If a state has opted for theas may be necessaryas may be necessary
unemployment taxes onin the administrationAppropriatesTier II and Tier III triggers:for states in thefor states in the
employers pay for 100% ofof benefit.federal UTF fundsAppropriatesFirst 8-weeks: 75%administration ofadministration of
the regular UC benefit andas may befederal UTFfederally financed.benefit.benefit.


50% of the EB benefit. necessary forfunds as may beFinal 13-weeks: 100%
iki/CRS-RL34460UC benefits are financedstates in theadministration ofnecessary forstates in thefederally financed.
g/wthrough employer taxes. Thebenefit.administration ofIf a state has opted for all
s.orfederal taxes on employersbenefit.three triggers:
leakare under the authority ofFirst 5 weeks: 50% federally
the Federal Unemploymentfinanced.
://wikiTax Act (FUTA), and theFollowing 8 weeks: 75%
httpstate taxes are under theauthority given by the Statefederally financed.Final 13 weeks: 100%
Unemployment Tax Actsfederally financed.
(SUTA). These taxes are
deposited in the appropriateAppropriates federal UTF
accounts within the U.S.funds as may be necessary
Treasurys Unemploymentfor states in the
Trust Fund (UTF).administration of benefit.

CRS-11
Senate Finance
Committee Report,H.R. 4934,S. 2544,H.R. 5749,
Current Law: January 30, 2008, EmergencyEmergencyEmergencyP.L. 110-252
P.L. 91-373Title II TemporaryUnemploymentUnemploymentH.R. 5688, TargetedExtended(H.R. 2642),
(26 U.S.C. 3304, note)ExtendedCompensationCompensationAssistance to RestoreUnemploymentSupplemental
Program Extended Benefit (EB)UnemploymentAct of 2008, TitleAct of 2008,Growth in EmploymentCompensation ActAppropriations
FeatureProgram CompensationITitle IIThroughout 2008 Act of 2008 Act, 2008, Title IV
st estimatesDOL actuarial estimates forThe CongressionalNo publishedNo publishedNo published CBO estimate.CBO estimates thatNo published CBO
the federal share of EBBudget OfficeCBO estimate.CBO estimate.the net effect ofestimate.


payments in FY2008 are(CBO) estimates thatunemployment
less than $5 million. the UC provisions inprovisions on direct
the Senate Financespending would
bill would have a nettotal $13.7 billion
cost of $13.9 billionfrom 2008-2013.
from 2008 through
2013.

iki/CRS-RL34460Source: UI Outlook FY2009Source:Source:
g/wPresident’s Budget,CongressionalCongressional
s.orDepartment of Labor, OfficeBudget Office CostBudget Office Cost
leakof Workforce Security,Estimate, EconomicEstimate of
Division of Fiscal andStimulus Act of 2008,Substitute
://wikiActuarial Services, FebruaryFebruary 6, 2008.Amendment to H.R.
http2008. 5749, EmergencyExtended
Un employment
Compensation Act
of 2008, June 12,
2008.